英汉互译第十一讲.ppt

语义与汉英翻译（二）,三个人品字式坐了，随便谈了几句。Thethreesatdownfacingeachotherandbegancasuallychatting.我只会马走日、象走田。让你车马炮。Ionlyknowthemostbasicmoves.Wouldyoulikemetoallowyouahandicap?,Youhavetomindyourpsandqs.你得非常小心。我姓李，木子李。MysurnameisLi.这是我们领导，陈科长。ThisisMr.Chen,oursectionchief.他砸了我的饭碗。Hehastakenthebreadoutofmymouth.Hehasclaimedmyjob.(formal),瞎子死了儿没指（子）望了hopeless;losealloneshope农民工migrantworkers外甥打灯笼照旧（照舅）getintotheoldrut气管炎（妻管严）hen-pecked,“您辛苦了！”“welcometoouruniversity！”or“Didyouhaveahappyjourney?”“您吃了吗？”“Hi!”or“Hello!”,霍克斯红楼梦“干娘”译为GodMother，“斋戒”译为inaretreat红楼梦称呼语的翻译比如“老爷”，若是家人与佣人或佣人之间的对话，译文是theMaster或SirZheng；若是贾母同宝玉之间的对话，译文是yourfather；王夫人称贾政为老爷，译文是you；宝玉称贾政为老爷，译文是Father。而贾雨村的门子称他为“老爷”，译文又变为YourHonour。宝玉称宝钗为“宝姐姐”，译文是cousinBao，称袭人为“姐姐”，译文是Aroma。,红楼梦中的绝大多数尊谦语变为平语，少数尊谦语予以保留。改变的如“犬子”译为myson，北静王称贾政“老世翁”译为you；保留的如“拙荆”译为mypoorwife，贾政让元春贵妃“自珍加爱”译为cherishandsustainyourpreciousperson。,现在的原则：尊谦语一般变为平语。,贵公司：yourcompany拙著mybook贵府yourhouse令尊yourfather拙荆mywife,中国人有大量自谦词，如“寒舍”、“敝人”、“犬子”、“贱内”、“老朽”、“拙作”、“愚见”等；对他人则有诸多敬称，如“您”、“令尊”、“令堂”、“贵舍”、“贵校”、“高见”、“大作”、“鸿论”等。英美文化中“自贬”成分较少。,王小玉便启朱唇、发晧齿，唱了几句书儿。译文1：Nowopenherrosylipandherivorywhiteteethshine,hersongbegins!译文2：LittleJadeWangthenopenedhervermilionlips,displayinghersparkingwhiteteeth,andsangseveralphrases.译文3：LittleJadethenpartedherlipsandsangafewlines.,老王和我算是柳家大院最“文明”的人了。“文明”是三孙子。（老舍柳家大院）OldWangandIareconsideredthegenteelfolkinthecompound.Gentilitybehanged!(Gentilitybeblown!Gentility,thedeucetakeit!)本例子中的“三孙子”是中国尊卑文化所产生的骂人词语，如直译为“thirdgrandson”，难为英美人士所领悟，故改译为具有西方特色的咒骂语。,深层文化改动,如果深层文化部分，两种文化的差别太大，用过多的解释会影响文本阅读的流畅性，便可以改动，或使用文化等值词。,或钟情于棋琴书画，或醉心于花鸟鱼虫，或埋首于读书写作，或留连于名山大川，一切顺乎自然，力所能及，随遇而安，怡然自得。Eitheryoulearnsomeartifyouareinterestedinany,orengageyourselfinreadingorwritingor,ifyoulike,dosomegardeningortraveling.Inotherwords,youdowhatcomesnaturaltoyouandwhatiswithinyourpower,adaptyourselftocircumstances,andbecontentedwithlife.,红楼梦第31回,湘云道：“阴阳可有什么样儿，不过是个气，器物赋了成形。比如天是阳，地就是阴”,Yin-yangisasortofforce,saidXiang-yun.Itstheforceinthethingsthatgivesthemtheirdistinctiveforms.Forexample,theskyisYangandtheearthisyin(Hawkes),“Theyaresimplynaturalforces,butwhatevertheyenterassumesaform.Heavenisyangandtheearthisyin,”(theYangs),有一次我写了一篇小说我不愿做女孩儿，刚要寄给一家刊物，被妈妈看到了。她看完小说已是泪流满面，但什么也没说，只是拿起笔来把“马力”两个字改成了“马丽”。Shepickedupapenand,withoutsayingaword,changedmysignaturefromMaLiHorsethePowerfultoMaLiHorsetheBeautiful.,练习,1.春节是汉族和一些少数民族最隆重喜庆的节日。2.节日活动从腊月二十三开始。人们在此时打扫房间、院落、贴上年画窗花、准备年货。3.人们在门两边的门框上，贴上红纸，写上对联，以求吉祥和幸福。4.节日活动在除夕达到高潮，家家户户灯火齐明，全家团聚吃团年饭。5.大家互相祝愿，辞旧守岁。,TheSpringFestival,themostjubilantandimportantfestivalinChina,isobservedbyHanandsomeotherminorities.Festivitiesbeginonthe23rdofthe12thlunarmonth,whenpeoplesweeptheirhousesandcourtyards,decoratethewallswithNewYearspicturesandthewindowswithpaper-cuts,andpreparefood.,Peoplehangcoupletinscriptionsoneithersideofthedoors;thedoorsarepastedwithcoupletsonredpapertoseekgoodluckorhappiness.FestivitiesreachtheirpeakonNewYearsEve.Householdsareallbrightlylit,andreunitedfamilymembershaveabigdinner.Theyextendgoodwishestooneanothertobidfarewelltotheoutgoingyear,thentheystayuplateorallnight.,翻译中的搭配和四字词语,关于搭配，首先可以查阅搭配词典，其次可以通过相关网站查询。,如：.uk/.hk/concordance/等网址可以检索搭配,1、使用搭配网站（如.uk；.hk/concordance）、,避免蛇足,知识产权intellectualproperty(right)降噪量noisereduction(volume)中国民航AirChina中国国际广播公司RadioBeijing海关总署theCustomService版权税royalty证券交易所StockExchange,产权交易所propertyrightexchange国家出版局theStateCopyrightAdministration国家工商行政管理局theStateAdministrationofIndustryandCommerce急诊室emergency(room)候机室lounge高等教育研究所HigherEducationInstitute,汉语四字结构的翻译,汉语四字结构的关系有三种：并列(co-ordinate)关系、偏正(modifying)关系、主谓(subject-predicate)关系。一、并列关系安定团结stabilityandunity美丽善良kind-heartedandbeautiful干净整齐cleanandtidy典雅大方elegantandgraceful,轻松柔软softandlight送旧迎新tosetofftheoldandwelcomethenew改革开放reformandopeningup打砸抢beating,smashingandlooting丰衣足食well-fedandwellclothed.,有时候，并列关系的四字结构实际上是同义重复，汉语中往往是加强语势，翻译时只需要翻译一个即可。生动活泼lively光辉灿烂brilliant打击报复retaliate繁荣昌盛prosperous添油加醋toaddspiceto,断章取义toquoteoutofcontext贼眉鼠眼shifty-eyed(thievish-looking)声嘶力竭toshoutoneselfhoarse丰功伟绩greatachievements心灰意懒Tofeeldisheartened穷山恶水Poverty-strickenplaces;barrenhillsanduntamedrivers,称心如意satisfactory惊天动地earth-shaking穷凶极恶nefarious唉声叹气moanandgroan胡言乱语talknonsense奇装异服outlandishclothes南腔北调amixedaccent,日新月异everchanging粗制滥造crudelymade深仇大恨deephatred奇谈怪论strangetale千方百计byhookorcrook街谈巷议streetgossip,二、偏正关系,市场机制marketmechanism合资企业jointventure达成协议toreachanagreement平等会谈thetalkonanequalfooting连年丰收bumperharvestforyearsrunning稳定物价tostabilizecommodityprices上缴利税financialcontributiontothegovernmentrevenues大补元气toreinforcevitalenergy,三、主谓关系,1、我们将遵循“质量第一”、“用户至上”的原则，热忱地为用户服务。Strictlyadheringtotheprincipleof“QualityFirst”and“CustomerFirst”，wewillofferbestservicetoourcustomers.,2这种电扇具有风力大、用电省、温升低、噪音小、造型美等特点。Thiskindofelectricfanisnotedforitsabundantairflow，lesspowerconsumption，lowertemperaturerise，negligiblenoiseandattractiveappearance.,3.我厂生产的电冰箱，具有造型美观、质量可靠、噪音小、耗电少、使用方便安全等特点。Therefrigeratorsmanufacturedbyourplantarenotedfortheirgracefulstyles，reliablequality，lownoise，lowpowerconsumption，easyoperationandsafety.,4我们不但要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理、全面发展、能够满足人民生活和工业发展需要的发达的农业，还要有一个门类齐全、结构合理、能够满足社会消费和整个国民经济发展需要的先进的工业。Wenotonlyneedadevelopedagriculturalsystemwitharationaldistributionandall-rounddevelopmentoffarming，forestry，animalhusbandry，side-lineproductionandfishery，meetingtheneedsofthepeopleslifeandexpandingindustry，butalsoanadvancedindustrialsystemwhichiscompleteinrangeandrationalinstructureandwhichmeetstheneedsofconsumersandtheexpansionofthewholenationaleconomy.,5港内水域宽阔，水深浪静，万吨轮船通行无阻，五万吨轮船可以乘潮自由进出。Intheinnerharborisavastexpanseofdeepandpeacefulseawater.Vesselsof10,000tonscanenterorleavetheportwitheaseand50,000-tonfreighterscandosoonthefloodtide.,一些常用四字结构的翻译,质地优良beexcellentinquality/withsuperiorquality品种齐全incompleterangeofarticles款式繁多withvariouspatterns选料考究choicedmaterials做工精细fineworkmanship色泽鲜明bright-colured零售/批发价格retail/wholesaleprice货到付款paymentagainstarrival,名牌产品namebrandproduct拳头产品knock-outproduct出类拔萃aboveaverage驰名中外bepopularbothathomeandabroad久负盛名withalongstandingreputation万古流芳willberememberedthroughouttheage名垂青史togodowninhistory,家喻户晓bewidelyknown倾国倾城exceedinglybeautiful欢迎订购Ordersarewelcome.工业园区industrialpark产权转让property-rightexchange/transfer土地租赁landlease资产评估appraiseonesassets国有资产stateassets,无形资产intangibleassets优化结构tooptimizethestructureofproduction购售政策thepurchase-marketpolicy扭亏为盈toreducelossesandincreaseprofits增进效益toincreaseeconomicreturns暂行条例interimregulations廉洁自律toperformonesdutyhonestly,事倍功半effortsdoubled,resulthalved天长地久aslongasthehills德才兼备withbothprofessionalabilitiesandpoliticalintegrity开拓进取toworkhardwithapioneeringspirit投资热点investmenthotspot经济特区specialeconomiczone物价指数price-riseindex,税费改革reformoftaxesandcharges对口援助unit-to-unitaidprogramme社会办学non-governmentalschools牟取暴利pricehikesforexorbitantprofits合法权益lawfulrightandinterest事半功倍effortshalved,resultdoubled,出口经营权审批制度theexaminationandapprovalsystemforexportingrights出口经营登记备案制度aregistrationandrecordingsystemfortherighttoexport会计信息质量抽查公告制度thesystemforpublicizingtheresultsofrandominspectionsofthequalityofaccountinginformation,职业资格证书制度theprofessionalqualificationcertificatesystem;thesystemtoissueprofessionalqualificationcertificates责任追究制度thesystemofaccountability,预算外资金extrabudgetaryfunds中央地方财政预算thecentralandlocalbudgets财政赤字financial堤内损失堤外补gainontheswingswhatislostontheroundabouts;,转移支付transferpayments;transferredpayments发展经济，开辟财源developmentofeconomyandopeningupnewrevenueresources关于调整和控制投资结构的政策policiesconcernedwithregulatingandrestructuringinvestment,成语翻译,安居乐业liveinpeaceandworkincontentment奔走相告runningaroundtospreadthenews不务正业notengagedintherightbusiness叱咤风云commandwindandcloud;extremelypowerfulorinfluential,大相径庭totallydifferent处心积虑rackonesbraintoscheme固若金汤(ofacity)soimpregnableasifmadeupofgoldandsurroundedbyariverwithboilingwater;stronglyfortified;impregnable疾恶如仇extremelyhatefulofevils进退两难betornbetweenadvancingandretreating;beinadilemma,机构翻译,地震学会、SeismologicalSociety;国际金融学会、InternationalFinanceSociety;国际战略问题学会InstituteforInternationalStrategicStudies;中国佛教协会、ChineseBuddhistsAssociation中国福利会、ChinaWelfareInstitute;中国歌剧研究会ChineseOperaResearchInstitute;,中华全国体育总会All-ChinaSportsFederation;中华全国新闻工作者协会All-ChinaJournalistsAssociation;中华全国总工会All-ChinaFederationofTradeUnion;中华医学会ChineseMedicalAssociation,上海国际会议中心素以举办大型国际会议、商务论坛而蜚声海内外。位于酒店7楼的上海厅可同时容纳3000人会议，是目前国内最大的无柱型多功能厅，28个大小不等、风格迥异的多功能会议厅，均备有最先进的高科技影音系统及同声传译设备，无与伦比的会议场馆与专业化的会务服务都将展示您每次跨越成功的风采。,ShanghaiInternationalConventionCenterhasalwaysenjoyedhighreputationbothathomeandabroadforholdinglarge-scaleinternationalconferencesandbusinessforums.Withthecapacityof3000persons,theGrandBallroomonthe7thfloorisbyfarthelargestpillarlessmultifunctionalballroominChina.Besides,the28multifunctionalconferencehallsindifferentsizesandstylesareallequippedwiththemostadvancedhigh-techaudiovideosystemsandsimultaneousinterpretationfacilities.Theunparalleledvenuesandprofessionalserviceswillpromoteyouindisplayingyourgracethroughsurmountingthepeaksofsuccess.,在大兴安岭，有山必有林,有林必生云。凡晴日拂晓之时,或雨过天开之后,都会出现云海景观,有时如轻纱飘逸,有时如絮团簇拥。来得急,散得快,须臾之间便无影无踪。,IntheGreaterHingganMountains，treesgrowoneverymountain，andcloudsarisefromeveryforest.Atdawnonacleardayorrightafterarain，aseaofcloudswillriseanddriftoverthewoods，etherealasasilkveilorclusteredlikepilesofcotton.(or:Atdawnonafinedayorrightafterarain，aseaofcloudswillappear，delicateasagossamerveilorclusteredlikepilesofcotton.)Theydisperseasabruptlyastheyemerge，vanishingoutofsightinaninstantandleavingnotracebehind.,我们要建立政府与民间并举，引进与输出并重，多渠道、多层次、多方位、多形式的对外文化交流格局Featuringgovernmentandnon-government-sponsoredactivities,importandexportofculturalprograms,ournewinternationalculturalexchangesystem(or:thenewinternationalculturalexchangesystemthatwewillsetup)ismultipleindimensionandlevelanddiversifiedinchannelandform.,只见赤日当空，树荫合地，满耳蝉声，静无人语。Theburningsunwasnowintheheightoftheheaven,thecontractedshadowswereconcentrateddarklybeneaththetrees,andthestillnessofthenoon,filledwiththeharshtrillingofcicadas,wasbrokenbynohumanvoice.(霍克斯),只见赤日当空，树荫合地，满耳蝉声，静无人语。Thesunwashighinthesky,treescastampleshadeandtheairwasfulloftheshrillingofcicadas,butnohumanvoicecouldbeheard.(theYangs),众人见黛玉年貌虽小,其举止言谈不俗,身体面庞虽怯弱不胜,却有一段自然风流态度,AllpresenthadbeenstruckbyTai-yusgoodbreeding.Forinspiteofhertenderyearsandevidentdelicatehealth,shehadanairofnaturaldistinction.(theYangs)EveryonesattentionnowcentredonDai-yu.Theyobservedthatalthoughshewasstillyoung,herspeechandmanneralreadyshowedunusualrefinement.Theyalsonoticedthefrailbodywhichseemedscarcelystrongenoughtobeartheweightofitsclothes,butwhichyethadaninexpressib