2020高考英语 分项突破训练阅读理解精析精练05 说理议论类

2020;2020高考英语分项突破训练阅读理解精析精练说理议论类【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案When I lived in Spain，some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car，Before they left，they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation（住所）I suggested that they should stay at “bed and breakfast” houses， because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the familyMy friends listened to my advice，but they came back with some funny stories“We didnt stay at bed and breakfast houses，”they said“because we found that most families were away on holiday”I thought this was strangeFinally I understood what had happenedMy friends spoke little English，and they thought “VACANCIES” meant “holidays” because Spanish word for “holiday” is “vacaciones”So they did not go to houses where the sign outside said “VACANCIES”，which in English means there are free roomsThen my friends went to the houses where the sign said “NO VACANCIES”，because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holidayBut they found that these houses were all fullAs a result，they stayed at hotels！We laughed about this and about the mistakes my friends made in reading other signsIn Spanish，the word to “DIVERSION” means funIn English,it means that workman are repairing the road，and that you must take a different road.When my friends saw the word “DIVERSION” on a road sign，they thought they were going to have funInstead， the road ended in a large holeEnglish people have problems too when they learn foreign languagesOnce in Paris when someone offered me some more coffee，I said “Thank you” in FrenchI meant that I would like some moreHowever，to my surprise the coffee pot was taken away！ Later I found out that “Thank you” in French means “No，thank you”(1) My Spanish friends wanted advice about_.A1earning EnglishBfinding places to stay in EnglandCdriving their car on English roadsDgoing to England by ear(2) If you see a road sign that says“DIVERSION”，you will_Afall into a holeB.have a lot of fun and enjoy yourselfCfind that the road is blocked by crowds of peopleDhave to take a different road(3) I was surprised when the coffee pot was taken away because I_Ahadnt finished drinking my coffee Bwas expecting another cup of coffeeCmeant that I didnt want any more Dwas never misunderstoodA popular saying goes, “Sticks and stone may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, thats not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesnt matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.We all talk to ourselves sometimes. Were usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. But we really shouldnt be, because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solves problems, and calm ourselves down. Beware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying, “Good job!”Often, words came out of our mouths without us thinking about the effects they will have; but we should be aware that our words cause certain responses to others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. Or we can use harsh(苛刻的), critical language, which will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.Words possess power because of their lasting effects. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesnt pass this test, then its better left unsaid.Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem(自尊) and motive others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.56The author argues in the first paragraph that _.Awords have lasting effects on usBwords will never hurt us at allCpositive effects last longer than negative effectsDnegative words may let us down57Why should we not feel embarrassed when talking to ourselves?AAlmost everybody has the habit of talking to oneself.BTalking to ourselves is believed to be good for our health.CTalking to ourselves helps us to solve all the problems.DIt does harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone.58The underlined phrase “give ourselves a pat on the back” in Paragraph 3 means _.Ablame ourselves Bpunish ourselvesCpraise ourselves Dtalk to ourselves59Which of the following statements would the author agree to?AUnkind words are unlikely to be forgotten.BIt is better to think twice before talking to others.CWords always possess long positive effects.DKind words are sometimes not needed at all.60Why should we talk in a friendly way when returning an item to a store?ABecause kind words build up complex relationships.BBecause the clerk in a store is hard to deal with.CBecause friendly words cause positive responses.DBecause critical language may hurt your feelings.【文章大意】本文以”话语的力量“为话题阐述了”无论是积极的还是消极的话语，它们都将对我们产生持久的影响”的观点。作者还给我们提出建议，在说话之前要三思，避免说出伤害他人的话。【答案与解析】1B推理判断题。作者在第一段先引用一句格言：“棍棒和石头可使我伤筋断骨，但是语言却不会伤害我。”作者驳斥了这种观点，并在最后一句提出相反的观点：无论是谁说的话，都将对我们产生积极的或消极的持久的影响。选项B包含了选项C和D的陈述，故B项正确；而选项A的陈述不是作者的观点。2A细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，专家认为”自言自语”是一种对我们健康有益的习Is there someone you hate? Well, maybe you dont really hate them. But you get really angry every time you think of them. If you dont let this anger go, it can turn into bitternessBitterness appears when we cant forgive someone who has hurt us or made us angry. Someone might say or do something that hurts us. But instead of controlling the anger, we keep it deep inside. Before long, a bitter feeling begins to grow. We may think were hurting that person by criticizing him or her often, but were really only hurting ourselves.Bitterness can not only lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, but also hurt our relationships with friends and family members. No one enjoys being around an angry person for very long.If you see bitterness in your life, here are some ways to deal with it.Instead of trying to deny your anger, make it clear to yourself and accept it. See your anger for what it is and quickly deal with it.You may feel you have a right to be angry. You may think youre right and the other person is wrong. You may even secretly enjoy making the other person look bad. But in the end, bitterness hurts you much more than the other person. The bitterness will hold you back, and the other person will go on with his or her life.Forgive and forget itYou probably cant completely put the anger out of your mind. But you can decide to forgive the other person. Forget it and move on. Youll enjoy better health and peace of mind.1What will happen if we dont release anger?AWe wont put blame on others for no reasonBA bitter feeling will develop in our mindCWe will not be particular about what others doDWe will always be criticized and hurt2What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?AThe physical effects of bitternessBThe relationships hurt by bitternessCThe negative effects of bitternessDA waste of time to hate others3The author advises us to do the following except _.Ato hold onto bitterness inside usBto forgive the one who hurts usC to deal with your anger properlyDto forget othersrude behavior4By forgiving others，we are able to _.Aprevent bad things from happeningBbe friends with the person who hurts usCenjoy good health and a peaceful mindDforget the bitter experience completelv5What is the text mainly about?AThe advantages of bitternessBThe ways to conquer bitternessCThe causes of bitternessDBC【文章大意】文章讲述了积怨产生的原因、积怨造成的不良后果和克服积怨的方法。作者建议我们应忘记别人的伤害，用平和的心态生活，只有这样我们才会更快乐。才能拥有更健康的身体。【答案与解析】1B细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，如果我们对他人给我们造成的伤害念念不忘或者不能消除心中的愤怒，这种消极的情绪就会慢慢演变成积怨，并使我们容易指责伤害我们的人，最终对自己造成伤害。2C推理判断题。第三段主要阐述了积怨的负面影响：伤害身体、分散注意力和破坏正常的人际关系等。3A推理判断题：在文章的最后四段，作者提出了解决问题的建议：承认自己的愤怒，尽快消除愤怒的情绪；原谅和忘却。A项不是作者建议的内容。4C推理判断题：根据文章最后一段的内容可知，忘记积怨、原谅别人能够使我们拥有健康和宁静的心境，愉快地生活。5D主旨大意题。全文的话题是积怨，文中谈到了积怨产生的原因、负面影响和克服积怨的方法。选项D较全面地概括了文章的主要内容。Doctors say obesity, also known as severe overweight, is a complex condition. A doctor may advise medical interventions in addition to changes in behavior. But experts say the most successful weight-loss plans include a well-balanced diet and exercise.People who want to avoid weight gain have to balance the number of calories they eat with the number of calories they use. To lose weight, you can reduce the number of calories you take in, or increase the number you use, or both Experts at the National Institutes of Health say to lose weight, a person should do an hour of moderate to intensive physical activity most days of the week. This could include fast walking, sports or strength training.A recent study looked at four of the most popular dieting plans in the United States. Researchers at Stanford University in California studied more than three hundred overweight women, mostly in their thirties and forties. Each woman went on one of the four plans: Atkins, The Zone, Ornish or LEARN. The women attended diet classes and received written information about the food plans.At the end of a year, the women on the Atkins diet had lost the most, more than four and one-half kilograms on average.Christopher Gardner led the study, reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association. He says the Atkins diet may be more successful because of its simple message to lower intake of sugars. Also, he says the advice to increase protein in the diet leads to more satisfying meals.He says there was not enough money to also study men, but that men would probably have similar results.But last week, another report suggested that only a small minority of people have long-term success with dieting. The report in the journal American Psychologist was based on thirty-one studies.Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, medical school found that most dieters regained their lost weight within five years. And often they gained back even more. But those who kept the weight off generally were the ones who exercised.1All the following is helpful to lose weight except _.Aa healthy diet Bphysical exerciseCmedical interventions Dbeing polite to others2You are most likely to gain too much weight if _.Ayou eat the same number of calories as the number you useByou take in less calories than the number you useCyou take in more calories than the number you useDyou take exercise regularly on the weekdays3The third passage mainly tells us that _.Athere are four popular dieting plans in the USABthe Atkins diet has the best effect on losing weightClots of woinen attended diet classes every dayDdieting plan is the most important4Which one of the following is NOT right according to this passage?AThe change of your life habits can help you lose weightBYoud better exercise once a week to lose some weightCThe Atkins diet may be good because of lowering the intake of sugarDSome people gain weight back for their unhealthy diet5Which one of the following is the best title for this passage?ASuccessful weight-loss plans BFour popular dieting plansCWhat is the Atkins diet? DFew people fail in losing weight【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。一些专家通过观察、分析认为，比较成功的减肥方案包括均衡饮食和坚持锻炼，只有这样才会有较好的效果。【答案与解析】1D细节理解题。根据前两段中的有关信息尤其是第一段中的A doctor may advise medical interventions in addition to changes in behavior. But experts say the most successful weight-loss plans include a well-balanced diet and exercise.可知，医疗干预、均衡的饮食和锻炼都对减肥有利。故答案选D。2C推理判断题。根据第二段中的to balance the number of calories they eat with the number of calories they use. 以及下文中的情节可以得出本题的答案。3 B段意归纳题。本段主要通过实验告诉我们the Atkins diet这种饮食计划对减肥有较好的效果，解题时联系该段最后的At the end of a year, the women on the Atkins diet had lost the most, more than four and one-half kilograms on average.可知答案。4 B细节理解题。第二段中的intensive physical activity most days of the week. 说明一周的大多数日子都要进行锻炼才会对减肥有好的效果，根据最后一段也能看出，坚持锻炼，减肥效果才能保持。5A标题选择题。文章分析了造成肥胖的一些因素，并结合对实验的观察和分析告诉我们，什么样的减肥方案才是科学有效的，因此A项正确。Americans suffer from an overdose (过量) of work. Regardless of who they are or what they do. Americans spend more time at work than that any time since World War II.In 1950, the US had fewer working hours than any other industrialized(工业化的) country. Today, it exceeds every country but Japan where industrialized employees load 2155 hours a year compared with 1951 in the US and 1603 in the former West Germany.Between 1969 and 1989, employed Americans add an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The workweek has remained above 40 hours.But people are working more weeks each year. Specifically pay time off holidays, vacations, sick leave shrink by 50% in the 1980s.As corporations have experienced stiff competitions and slow in growth of productivity, they have pressed employees to work longer. Cost-cutting lay-offs in the 1980s reduce the professional and managerial runs, leaving fewer people to get the job done. In lower paid occupations where wages have been reduced, workers have added hours in overtime or extra jobs to preserve their living standards.The government estimates that more than 7 million people hold a second job. For the first time, large numbers of people say they want to cut back on working hours even it means earning less money. But most employers are unwilling to let them do so. The government which has stepped back from its traditional role as a regulator of work time should take steps to make shorter hours possible.1We learn from the passage that _.Athe US workers had the longest work time in 1950B，Japanese workers keep the longest work timeCAmericans worked for 138 hours every year on averageDAmericans were not fond of having holidays in the 1980s2Which of the factors doesnt contribute to longer working hours?AFierce competitions exist among companiesBLower-paid workers choose to do extra jobsCScience and technology is developing rapidlyDThere are fewer workers left to get the job done3How many factors are listed to account for Americans working longer than ever?AFour B Two C One D Three4The author seems to believe that _.Athe government is responsible for reducing working hoursBthe employers are to blame for shortening working hoursCit is common for the government not to adjust work timeDemployees are willing to work overtime to earn more5The tex is written to _.Adescribe how American workers are sufferingBcriticize American government for its inabilityCpraise American employees for their hard workDexplain why Americans spend more time on work【文章大意】无论是什么种类的工作美国工人都在遭受过量工作之苦。自二战以来，美国人的工作时间比其他国家(除日本外)都长。【答案与解析】IB推理判断题。根据第二段第二句话Today, it exceeds every country but Japan where industrialized A serious problem for todays society is who should be responsible for our elderlyand how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs.Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions（养老金）. Furthermore, some in-situation should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.1What is the passage mainly about?AThe problem faced by the old in societyBWhy we should take responsibility for the oldCHow we can improve the lives of the oldDWhere the old can go to get their pensions2According to the passage，how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people?ASet aside some profits to help people with problems after they retireBIncrease saving lev