X 八（下）Unit 2 Section A-4

Unit2Illhelptocleanupthecityparks.,SectionAGrammarFocus-4c,八年级(下),GrammarFocus,动词不定式,Grammar,动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。基本形式：to动词原形，有时to可以省略；否定形式：not+动词不定式。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。,一.作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。e.g.Iwanttotellyouastory.Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.Dontforgettolockthedoor.Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?,二.作宾语补足语。e.g.TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Pleaseletmehelpyou.动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。,但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词,其不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省略to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb.+todosth.e.g.Theteachertoldustocomeearlier.Iwantyoutogonow.Herparentswishhertobeateacher.,2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：let/make/have+sb.+dosth.e.g.Letthegirlleaveherenow.Theboymadethebabycry.see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb.+dosth.e.g.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.3.可省可不省的:helpsb.（to）dosth.e.g.Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.,三.作状语:（1）作目的状语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用inorderto或soasto+动词原形，soasto不用于句首。e.g.Hestoppedtohavearest.Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.（2）作结果状语。e.g.Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.,（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。e.g.Improudtohavetakenpartinthecompetitions.ImhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.,动词不定式的否定形式：,（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.e.g.Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.（2）省略to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.e.g.Lettheboynotgo.,1.Iwantto_myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.Imtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear.2.Shehopesto_atleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskiftheyneedvolunteersfortheirafter-schoolprograms.,4aFillintheblankswithphrasalverbsinthebox.,putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff,putoff,callup,3.Ourclassistryingto_someideasto_sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.4.Wedecidedto_signsaroundtheschooland_noticestotellstudentsaboutthebooksale.Wewill_themoneyfromthesaletohomelesspeople.,comeupwith,cheerup,putup,handout,giveout,4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.,helpmovedomakevisitspend,Mostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs_lotsofmoney.Intheirfreetime,theythinkaboutwhat_forfun.However,fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando_others.Therearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus.Volunteering,todo,tohelp,tomake,ourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodway_ourfreetime.Forexample,wecanmakeplans_sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthstoayear_toanotherplace，likeoneofthecountriesinAfrica,andhelppeoplethere.,tospend,tovisit,tomove,4cCompletethesentenceswithyourownideas.Useinfinitives.,Idliketovolunteer_2.At12:00a.m.,Icalledmyfriend_.3.ImverybusybutIcouldhelp_4.Summervacationiscoming,andIwant_5.Iwanttotravelalone,butmyparentstoldme(not)_.,atthefoodbanktohelp,thepoor.,toplay,basketballattheplayground.,tolookafter,mylittlesister.,togotothebeachwithmyfriends.,nottodoitalone.,Exercises,1)Idlike_homelesspeople.2)Shedecided_foravolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.3)Youcouldaskhospitals_youvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.4)Mariobelievesitcanhelphim_hisfuturedreamjob.5)Shevolunteersthereonceaweek_kidslearn_.6)Immakingsomesigns_aroundtheschool.,Fillintheblanks.,tohelp,totryout,tolet,toget,tohelp,toread,toputup,Iwant_(become)apolicemanoneday.2.Hewantsthestudents_(eat)well.3.Theteachermadehisstudents_(come)intothemeetingroomontime.4.Theboywasfree_(go)whereheliked.5.Nobodytellshimwhat_(do)next.,根据提示完成下列句子。,tobecome,toeat,come,togo,todo,根据汉语提示补全句子。,1.你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？Wouldyoulike_thecityparks?2.莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？Couldyoupleasehelpme_thedishes,Lily?3.简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。Janedidnt_agoodway_thismathproblem.,tohelpcleanup,towash,comeupwith,toworkout,4.他们正计划去拉萨旅行。Theyre_atriptoLhasa.5.我们应该努力学习，将来为我们的祖国做重大的贡献。Weshouldstudyhard_amajorcommitmentforourcountryinthefuture.,planningtotake,tomake,根据汉语提示完成下列句子。,Wemustfindaperson_(做这项工作)2.Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstone_(起床).3.Doyouhave_(什么问题要问)？4.Pleasetellme_(怎样念这个词).,todothework,togetup,anyquestionstoask,howtosaythisword,5.Ihaventdecided_(买哪一件衬衫).6.Thequestionis_(走哪一条路).7.Shedidntknow_(说什么)？8.I_(看见他上楼)amomentago.,whichshirttobuy,whichwaytogo,whattosay,sawhimgoupstairs,实战中考,Ialwaystellmystudents_ontheroadbecauseitsreallydangerous.2013广东广州A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.notplay2.-IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?-Ihaventdecidedwhere_.2013山东济宁A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo,3.-Ididnthearyoucomeinjustnow.-Thatsgood.Wetried_anynoise,foryo