高中英语 Module 6《War and Peace-Grammar》学案1 外研版选修6

Attributive子句沉重而困难的错误文件第一，意义反复。归属节的指导史在节中必须起到一定的成分作用，因此节内相应的句子成分不能再保留。否则就会犯意义重复的错误。例如：the main topic people are often talking about at present is personal cars。因为The main topic是前置词，关系代词that或which在子句中作为宾语被省略，所以说宾语的替代语it不能再次出现。第二，分裂现象。除非有特殊原因，否则定语从句应该紧跟在先行词之后。例如：everything that has weight and occupies space is called matter。初学者很容易实现这个意思。everything is called matter that has weight and occupies space。这就是人为的分裂现象。但是，有时需要在attributive子句和先行词之间插入attributive、副词或谓语。例如：there is an expression in his eyes that I cannot understand。在前置和归属子句之间以in his eyes分隔。第三，主啊，那个分歧。当关系代词成为子句中的主语时，子句中的谓语动词必须与先行词的数量和格一致。否则，就会犯主体和谓语不一致的错误。例如：god bless this ship and all that sail in her .(bible)此预选行单词all表示“所有人”，因此attributive子句中的谓词不能使用sails。第四，关系代词that，who直接放在介词后面。关系代词之前有介词的时候，关系代词必须使用which(事物的意思)或whom(人的意思)，不能省略。如果把介词放在句子后面，这时关系代词可以使用that或who，也可以省略。例如：the cost at which we produce the cars has been greatly reduced .关系代词放在介词at的后面，所以只能使用which，不能省略。第五，关系代词为属性时的误用。无论先行词是指人还是事物，关系代词在从句中归属时whose必须使用；但是，指东西时，也可以用“the名词of which”或“which of its名词”的形式表示。例如：this is a new digital control machine tool whose functions are very advanced .此示例中的whose functions也可以替换为which of its functions或the functions of which。第六，关系代词that的误用。先行词为以下之一时，必须使用that推导定语从句：(1)修改为形容词的最高级或序数；(2)由every、only、any、just、right、no等公式；(3)是无限代词，例如all，few，little，much，none，some和anything，everyhing，nothing(4)同时人和物；(5)作为疑问代词的时候。everything that appears on the internet is very appealing。初学者记忆不强，这时可能会误用which的指引。七、作为指导，误用非限制性属性子句that。引导非限制性的管状刑事节时，不能使用that，必须使用which。还可以推导出谁、谁、谁、where、whom、as等关系代词或关系副词，不能省略。例如：the Italian team defated the german team，which some people had expected。您还可以将Which替换为as，这意味着“如预期的那样”。8、as、which的误用。在非限制性从句前放谓语的时候，应该用as引导，而不是which。例如：As is well known to us all，life can t exist without air or water。但是子句后面的话，两者都可以，只是意义稍有不同(as译作“这样”，which译作“这一点”等)。只有在否定形式或子句谓词中有复合对象的情况下，观刑才能用which诱导。例如：the Brazilian team was defated by the French team，which wehadnt expected .9，the same.that和the same.误用as。注意两者的差异：the same.that是“同一个人(事物)”；the same.as表示“同一类人(事物)”。例如：the people in many other Asian countries have the same custom as we Chinese have。根据例句的意思，这里只能用关系代词as，不能用that。因为表达的意义是“类似”。X.关系副词和关系代词的误用。如果引导词在子句中用作副词，则引导关系副词；如果导游在从句中用主语、宾语、表语的时候应用关系代词来引导的话。例如：Hawaii is a beautiful place(which/that)all the people look forward to visiting。Attributive子句中的visiting是and object动词，因为必须导入对象，所以可以应用和省略which或that引导，而不是使用where作为引导。如果将Visiting更改为going，则必须引导至where。时间、条件、让步状语从句的8个误解误解之一：混淆while和whenshe was on the point of leaving while some one knocked at the door .she was on the point of leaving when some one knocked at the door .While说：“当.时”的意思，子句需要持久性动词或状态动词。When诱导时间副词子句中的动词可以是永久动词，也可以是非永久动词。误解2:till/until无效错误 until/till yesterday evening，I received herE-mail from Shanghai。I didn t receive her e-mail from Shanghai until yester day evening。Until/till子句与积极的命令一起使用时，订购场谓词动词必须是持久动词，而不是非非英语动词。误解3:不适当的省略while was walking down the street I noticed a police car in front of number 88。while walking down the street I noticed a police car in front of number 88。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主语一致或it，子句包含动词be的任何形式，从句主语和be可以同时省略。误解4:误用词语顺序not until the early years of the 19th century man did know what heat is。not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is。当Not until在句子开头时，主要句子谓词使用倒带词序。误解5:子句时态的错误使用I won t know where she is until I will get a letter from her。I won t know where she is until I get a letter from her。在时间和条件等状语从句中，用现在的时间表示未来状态。误解6: however的错误使用howebber he is late，mother will wait for him to have dinner together。hother will wait for him to have dinner together。霍韦伯要和自己编造的单词一起放在我面前，引导状语从句。误解7: though和although的混合错误 much although he likes her，he does get annoyed with her some times。much though he likes her，he does get annoyed with her some times。Though和although通常可以互操作，但只能在倒带语句中使用。Though可以与even一起使用以表示强调。此外，though在句末可以表示“但是”，although不能这样使用。误解8:混淆疑问词ever和no matter疑问词it is generally considered unewise to give a child no matter what he or she wants。chingit is generally considered unewise to give a child whatever he or she wants。【分析】“无matter疑问词”在句子中只能引导状语从句；疑问词ever在句子中可以同时引导副词子句和名词子句。试验点冲刷试验案例评述1.the question is : what can we do to help them in their struggle for survival？Struggle可以用作动词，经常与介词for、with、against等一起使用。也可以用作表示“孤军奋战”的名词。斗争、努力、斗争等。I realized strength and courtage aren t always measureed in medals and victories，but in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ weovercome(2020天津圈)A.sadnessB。strugglesC.diseasesD。tiredness根据上下文，这篇文章的意思应该如下。我意识到力量和勇气不是总是用奖牌和胜利来衡量的，而是我们在胜利或克服(对手、困难或自我)的过程中所作的斗争/努力来衡量的。因此，选择b。2.there are only about three hundred of these north American mamma left，none of which are in the wild .这里“表示数或部分的名词或代词of which/whom”推导出非限制性定语从句。先行词指事物of which，先行词指人of whom，说明先行词的一些情况。代表数字或部分的名词或代词，例如基本、分数、百分比、all、both、some、any、many、much、most、majority、minority、pane案例the factory products half a million on pairs of shoes every year，80% _ _ _ _ _ _ are sold abroad。(2020辽宁卷)A.of whichB。which ofC.themD of .of that分析句子结构，以逗号分隔前后两句，判断为主句关系，然后是未限定的定语从句，在关系代词之前有介词，因此只能选择a项，80% of which are sold abroad修正前置词half a million pairs of shoes，并说明部分情况。3.the wwf believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy . as a result，It started working with govergy在考试点句子中，As a result的意思是“因此，结果”，相当于副词Therefore或Thus的意思和作用；介词短语as a result of.中的