高中英语 Unit 1《Laughter is good for you》grammar and usage教案1 牛津译林版选修6

Grammar and usageStep 1: General introductionThis section helps us overview present tenses. You are expected to review the four types of present tense. They are the simple present, the present continuous, the present perfect and the present perfect continuous.Step 2: ExplanationI The present tense1 表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。2 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用.He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。My mother works at the same company as my father. 我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心相互帮助。3 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。Mary speaks both English and French very well. 玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。4 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。5 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。I cant leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。When you see her, just tell her that I am all right. 你见到她告诉她我很好。Notes: if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你能接受我的邀请来参加我我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴的。II. Present continuous tense1 表示说话时正在进行的动作。what are you doing?I am writing a letter.Its raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.2 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正在一边教英语一边学中文。3 表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我今晚要去见王先生。I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year. 我计划今年去青岛过暑假。The plane is leaving for London soon. 飞机即将飞往伦敦。4 与always often 等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。The girl is always talking loud in public. 那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back. 她经常借钱却忘记还。She is constantly complaining about her fate. 她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。Notes: 以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。A 表示心理状态、情感的动词Like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, needB 表示存在状态的动词appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend onC 表示瞬间动作的动词allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, completeD 表示感官的动词see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, lookIII. The present perfect tense1 表示反复发生的经历He has hosted the show eight times. 他已经连续八次主持表演。Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows. 贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。We have been to the Great Wall many times. 我们已去过长城多次。2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。He has paid his income tax. 他已经交了个人所得税。Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer! 医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。3 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。My mother has been ill for three days. 我妈妈已经生病3天。Most of us have studied English for 5 years. 我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。4 下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is (has been) +一段时间 since +从句This (that/ It ) is the first (second) time that + 完成时This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting.+that+完成时Its/ It has been 3 years since they got married. 他们结婚已有3年了。Its the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次到长城。This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。Notes: 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。If you have done the experiment, youll understand the theory better. 如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 车停稳之前，别忙着下车。Notes: 注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时(1) 时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成上，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。(2) 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。IV. The present perfect continuous tense表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years. 中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她从1995年就来深圳工作了。Doctors have been researching that question for many years. 多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。The children have bee watching TV all morning. 孩子们一上午一直在看电视。She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她的老板等了将近一个小时。Step 3: Practice1 Read the article in Part A on page 9 and fill in the blanks with the correct tenses. Then I will ask you to report your answers to the class. You also should give the reasons why you use different tenses in the article.Answers1. am 2 have been writing 3 am looking 4 is 5 have been imagining6 is 7 is making 8 has been planning 9 have designed10 are printing 11 are going 12 is 13 hope 14 opens2 Now do Part B individually. Pay attention to the time marker in each sentence if there is one. The time marker in the sentence is the key that will help you use the suitable tense. 1 I am performing at the comedy Club tonight.2 I have been practicing my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours.3 My family is coming to watch my show.4 I am nervous about the show.Step 4: Consolidation exercises1. Multiple choice1 How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. （2020北京春）A. has been B had been C was D will be2 I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. （2020北京春）A. wouldnt expect B havent expected C hadnt expected D wasnt expecting3 Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. (2020上海春)A hadnt left B didnt leave C doesnt leave D hasnt left4 Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to.Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it! （2020全国）A do B didnt C did D dont5 All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_.（2020全国）A has grown B is growing C grew D had grown6 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. （2020全国）A be stayed B stay C be staying D have stayed7 _ David and Vicky _ married? (2020北京)For about three years.A How long were; being B How long have; gotC How long have; been D How long did; get8 Come and see me whenever_. (2020北京)A you are convenient B you will be convenientC it is convenient to you D it will be convenient to you9 When will you come to see me, Dad?I will go to see you when you _ the training course. (2020北京)A will have finished B will finishC are finishing D finish10 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. (2020北京春)A are not decided B have not been decidedC has been completed D had been completed11 I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002全国)A hasnt written B doesnt write C wont write D hadnt write12 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. （2002上海）A will graduate B will have graduated C graduates D is to graduate13 Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?It _. （2020上海）A all depend B all depends C is all depended D is all depending14 John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (2002北京春)A had been; have seen B have been; have seenC had been; had seen D have been; had seen15 How are the team playing?Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt. (2002北京春)A got B gets C are being cut D had been cut16 Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春)A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut17 It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春)A will not be; will know B is; will knowC will not be; know D is; know18 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. （2001全国）A is changing B has changed C will have changed D will change19 I _ ping-pong quite will, but I havent had time to play since the new year. （2001全国）A will play B have played C played D play20 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. （2001上海）A have survive B are to survive C would survive D will survive2. Translation1 火车将在上午9：00点钟开。_.2 那个小孩总是爱惹麻烦。_.3 别相信他。他经常撒谎_.4 我做完家庭作业就去你家。_.5 你在逛街的时候别忘了交通规则。_.Answers:1-5 ACDDC6-10 BCCDD 11-15 ACBDA 16-20 CCADB1. The train starts at nine in the morning.2 That boy is always making trouble.3 Dont believe him. He is always telling lies.4 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.5 When you are going around the street, dont forget the traffic rules.1. Exercise.I单选题：1 -Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.-I _ it right here, but now its gone.A did you put; have put B have you; putC had you put; have put D were you putting; have put2 No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A been given B given C to give D be giving3 When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except for a few words of each.A spoke; had forgotten B spoke; have forgottenC had spoken had forgotten D had been broken into; stolen4 The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A will rain B rains C rained D is raining5 -Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet, the rooms _.A are being painted B are paintingC are painted D are being painting6 We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her?A was happening B to happen C has happened D having happened7 -Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I _ here.A was B have been C came D am coming8 My dictionary _. I have looked for it everywhere but still _ it.A has lost; dont find B is missing; dont findC has lost; havent found D is missing; havent found9 - I am sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be10 I need one more stamp before my collection _.A has completed B completes C has been completed D is completed11 I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A hasnt written B doesnt writeC wont write D hadnt written12 Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories_.A have been taken place, have been set B have taken place, have been set upC have taken place, have set up D were taken place, were set up13 I promise that the matter will _.A be taken care B be taken care of C take care D take care of14 The surface of the table _ smooth enough.A hasnt felt B doesnt feel C isnt feeling D isnt feel15 He never let himself _.A being cheated B to be cheated C cheating D be cheatedII. 用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式填充。1.-How long_ David and Vicky _ _(marry)?-For about three years.2.Come and see me whenever it _(be) convenient to you.3. The water will be further polluted unless some measures _ _(take).4.-Are you still busy?-Yes, I _just _(finish) my work, and it wont take long.5.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ (graduate)from the university next year.6.Because the shop_ _(close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.7. Every possible means _ _ _(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.8.-Whats that terrible noise?-The neighbors _ _(prepare) for a party.9. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2020, so they_ _ _(live) there for 3 years.10.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ _(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.11. You _ always_(watch) television. Why not do something more active?12. The crazy fans _ _ _(wait) patiently for two hours and they will wait till the movie star arrives.13. Dont stop your car here. Look at the sign which _(read) “No Parking!”14. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.15. The surface of the table _ _(not feel) smooth enough.III.用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式翻译下列各句 ：1. There _ _ _(来了辆汽车)! Hurry up.2. It is