2015年英语高考全国各地完形填空试题及解析

2015 年普通高等学校年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）招生全国统一考试（安徽卷） In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because peopleare throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 . Another cause is our42 of disposable (一次性的) products.As 43 people,we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 36.A. keyB. reasonC. projectD. problem 37.A. giftsB. rubbishC. debtD. products 38.A. faceB. becomeC. observeD. change 39.A. hideB. controlC. replaceD. withdraw 40.A. Thanks toB.As toC. Except forD. Regardless of 41.A. safeB. funnyC. cheapD. powerful 42.A. loveB. lackC. preventionD. division 43.A. sensitiveB. kindC. braveD. busy 44.A. waysB. placesC. jobsD. friends 45.A. donateB. receiveC. produceD. preserve 46.A. adaptsB. returnsC. respondsD. contributes 47.A. tired ofB. addicted toC. worried aboutD. ashamed for 48.A. newerB. strongerC. higherD. larger 49.A. pick upB. pay forC. hold ontoD. throw away 50.A. advantagesB. purposesC. functionsD. consequences 51.A. showB. recordC. decreaseD. measure 52.A. technologyB. environmentC. consumersD. brands 53.A. HoweverB. OtherwiseC. ThereforeD. Meanwhile 54.A. byB. in favour ofC. afterD. instead of 55.A. spendingB. collectingC. repairingD. advertising 【答案】 36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C 40.A41. C 42.A43. D 44.A45. C 46. D 47. B 48.A49. D 50. D 51. C 52. B 53.A 54. D 55. C 【解析】 试题分析：文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向 于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同 时，也给环境带来很大的压力。 36. D 考查名词辨析。A 答案；B 原因；C 项目；D 问题。根据第二行“the world.”可知，出 现的问题是垃圾堆积如山，故选 D。 37. B 考查名词辨析。A 礼物；B 垃圾；C 债务；D 产品。句意：因为人们现在扔掉很多垃 圾，因此，垃圾堆积成了山，故选 B。 38. B 考查动词辨析。句意：A 面对；B 变得；C 观察，庆祝；D 改变。根据“first of all.” 可知，这里讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因，故选 B。 39. C 考查动词辨析。A 躲藏；B 控制；C 代替；D 撤退，收回。句意：与花时间和钱修理 相比，现在更容易更换物品，故选 C。 40.A 考查短语辨析。A 多亏；B 至于；C 除了；D 不管。句意：多亏了当代制造业和技术， 公司能够更快地生产产品，成本也降低很多，故选 A。 51. C 考查动词辨析。A 显示，展示；B 记录；C 减少；D 测量。句意：越来越多的政府要 求人们循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾，故选 C。 52. B 名词辨析。A 技术；B 环境；C 消费者；D 品牌。要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环 境，故选 B。 53.A 考查副词辨析。A 然而；B 要不然；C 因此；D 同时。句意：然而，只是要求人们循 环利用是远远不够的，故选 A。 54. D 考查介词辨析。A 通过；B 支持；C 在.之后；D 代替，而不是。句意：我们需要修 理我们的财物，而不是扔掉它们，故选 D。 55. C 考查动词辨析。A 花费，度过；B 收集；C 修理；D 宣传。句意：我们也需要重新考 虑对修理的态度，根据下句“repairing.”可知答案，故选 C。 考点：社会类短文阅读 2015 年普通高等学校年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（招生全国统一考试（福建福建卷）卷） One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 36 when you are not busy finding fault with it. Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 38 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 39 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 40 person. Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 41 Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 42 to deal with was that the day before the 43 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 44 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 45 It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly ( 刻薄) . She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 48 as well. Perhaps most of us arent as extreme at fault-finding, 49 when were honest, we can be sharply 50 ofthe world. Im not suggesting you 51 problems, or that you pretend things are 52 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are 53 most of the time, and especially when its not a really big 54 . Train yourself to bite your tongue , and with a little 55, youll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, youll get back your enthusiasm and love for life. 36. A.lonelyB.greatC.quietD.uneasy 37.A.received B.answered C.expected D.rejected 38.A.threatenedB.interruptedC.bothered I).spoiled 39.A.anything B.everythingC.somethingD.nothing 40.A.caringB.boringC.interestingD.surprising 41.A.attitudeB.plan C.measure D.explanation 42.A.urgentB.unnecessaryC.certainD.impossible 43.A.occasion B.eventC.accident D.adventure 44.A.memory B.noticeC.evidence D.choice 45.A.hear B.contributeC.expressD.admit 46.A.aware of B.afraid of C.curious about D.confused about 47.A.discussB.realizeC.judgeD.settle 48.A.familyB.life C.careerD.education 49.A.soB.orC.but D.for 50.A.proudB.sure C.hopefulD.critical 51.A.face B.createC.solveD.ignore 52.A.rarerB.betterC.stranger D.worse 53.A.at leastB.at lastC.by farD.so far 54.A.task B.deal C.resultD.duty 55.A.practiceB.speechC.rest Dpity 【答案】 36.B 37.A 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.A 42.D 43.C 44.D 45.C 46.A47.C 48.B 49.C 50.D 51.D 52.B 53.A54.B 55.A 37A 考查动词辨析 A.received 接受；B.answered 回答；C.expected 期望；D.rejected 排斥。 几年以前，我收到一个来自 17 岁女孩 kerry 的信。故选 A 38C 考查动词辨析 A.threatened 威胁； B.interrupted 打扰；C.bothered 麻烦； D.spoiled 娇惯。 这个叫做 Kerry 的女孩说自己是一个世界级的找错者，她总是被各种事情困扰着。故选 C 39D 考查不定代词辨析 A.anything 任何事；B.everything 每一件事；C.something 某事； D.nothing 没有事。人们总是做着那些惹她恼怒的事情，没有一件事是好的，故选 D 40B 考查形容词辨析 A.caring 关心的；B.boring 糟糕的；C.interesting 有趣的；D.surprising 令人惊奇的。 她具有高度的自我批评精神，她也会对自己的朋友挑毛病。她成为了一个非 常糟糕的人。故选 B 41A 考查名词辨析 A.attitude 态度；B.plan 计划；C.measure 措施；D.explanation 解释。不 幸的，一场恐怖的事故发生改变了她的态度。故选 A 42D 考查形容词辨析 A.urgent 经济的；B.unnecessary 不必要的；C.certain 确定的； D.impossible 不可能的。她最好的朋友在一场车祸中受伤很严重，让事情处理起来变得不可 能的事情是，发生事故的前一天 Kerry 拜访了她的朋友故选 D 43C 考查名词辨析 A.occasion 场合；B.event 事项；C.accident 事故；D.adventure 冒险。她 最好的朋友在一场车祸中受伤很严重， 让事情处理起来变得不可能的事情是， 发生事故的前 一天，Kerry 拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选择男朋友的眼光故选 C 44D 考查名词辨析 A.memory 记忆；B.notice 注意；C.evidence 证据；D.choice 选择。发生 事故的前一天，Kerry 拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选择男朋友的眼光、她生活 的方式、她与母亲联络时候的方式，还有各种其他她认为她需要表达的故选 D 45C 考查动词辨析 A.hear 听；B.contribute 贡献；C.express 表达；D.admit 承认、许可。发 生事故的前一天，Kerry 拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选择男朋友的眼光、她生 活的方式、她与母亲联络时候的方式，还有各种其他她认为她需要表达的。故选 C 46 A 考查短语辨析 A.aware of 注意；B.afraid of 担心； C.curious about 对好奇； D.confused about 对迷惑。直到他的朋友受了重伤，Kerry 才注意到她挑毛病的习惯。故选 A 50D 考查形容词辨析 A.proud 骄傲的；B.sure 确定的；C.hopeful 有希望的；D.critical 批 判的。可能我们中的大多数都不会极端的的寻找错误，但是当我们诚实的面对的时候，我们 可以尖锐的批判这个世界。故选 D 51D 考查动词辨析 A.face 面对；B.create 创造；C.solve 解决；D.ignore 忽略。我并不是在 建议你无视问题。故选 D 52 B 考查形容词比较级辨析 A.rarer 更稀罕的； B.better 更好的； C.stranger 更奇怪的； D.worse 更坏的。我也不是在建议你假装事物比它们自身更好。故选 B 53A 考查短语辨析 A.at least 至少；B.at last 最后；C.by far 到现在为止；D.so far 迄今为止。 至少在大多数时间里，你学着容忍事物的原态。故选 A 54B 考查名词辨析 A.task 任务；B.deal 处理、交易；C.result 计划；D.duty 责任。尤其是 当这不是一个特别大的事情。故选 B 55A 考查名词辨析 A.practice 实践；B.speech 演讲；C.rest 休息；D.pity 遗憾。训练你自己 忍着不说那些刻薄的话，小小的实践一下，你会变得很擅长放手。故选 A 考点：记叙文阅读。 2015 年普通高等学校年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（招生全国统一考试（广东广东卷）卷） How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _4_ die. Even though we cant live forever, we are living a _5_ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental _7_ until after age 75. People are living longer because more people _8_ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood _9_. Now that the chances of dying _10_ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The _11_ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see _12_, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in _13_ if not in age. As the society grows old, we need the _14_ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to _15_ active and devoted. 1. A. designedB. selectedC. improvedD. discovered 2. A. completelyB. generallyC. apparentlyD. extremely 3. A. rapidlyB. harmlesslyC. endlesslyD. separately 4. A. eventuallyB. hopelesslyC. automaticallyD. desperately 5. A. busierB. longerC. richerD. happier 6. A. finishingB. guidingC. waitingD. dividing 7. A. stressB. damageC. declineD. failure 8. A. surviveB. enjoyC. rememberD. value 9. A. problemsB. fearsC. worriesD. diseases 10. A. poorB. youngC. sickD. quiet 11. A. changesB. recoveryC. safetyD. increases 12. A. dreamsB. chancesC. strengthsD. choices 13. A. mindB. appearanceC. voiceD. movement 14. A. protectionB. suggestionsC. contributionsD. permission 15. A. soundB. appearC. turnD. stay 【答案】 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D 6.D 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65 岁可能已经过时了。 finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing 划分。根据文意可知，把 65 岁 当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line 分界线，故选 D。 7.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到 75 岁之后才开始经历身体和精神 的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure 失败。根据句意可 知，现在很多老年人是在 75 岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选 C。 8.A 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。 survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value 价值，估价。根据这一段的内容 和 the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care 可知，现在的 人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选 A。 9.D 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见 的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意 可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选 D。 10.B 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机 会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young 就 是年少死去。故选 B。 11.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方 式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据 下文中 Some people fear such changes will可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选 A。 12.B 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一 些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选 择。根据句意可知，这句话中的 while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选 B。 13.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常 健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement 移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选 A。 14.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡 献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission 允许。根据文意可 知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选 C。 15.D 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉 献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay 保持。根据文意可知， 现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选 D。 【考点定位】社会现象类短文。 2015 年普通高等学校年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（招生全国统一考试（湖南湖南卷）卷） It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be36, but in vain. my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the37of my job as a music teacher, I thought - teaching was not for me. Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was38inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: Put your heads on the desks and close your39! We are going on a journey. 40, the children fell silent. Now what should I do? I thought to myself. Reaching over to my collection of CDs, I blindly41, put it in the machine and played it. Obediently (顺从地), my class lay their heads on their desk, closed their eyes and42 . When the music started, the room as filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were43. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their44slowly so that we could share our musical journey. At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences, I began to learn how to45. The music allow me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knowing and the 46and most of all, an understanding of each other. This was the power that47in the classroom could have. 36. A. gladB. safeC. kindD. quiet 37.A. endB. aimC. ruleD. plan 38. A. guessingB. shakingC. respondingD. laughing 39. A. eyesB. mouthsC. booksD. doors 40. A. PunctuallyB. ImportantlyC. AmazinglyD. Obviously 41. A. passed one onB. gave one backC. turned one inD. took one out 42. A. sleptB. noddedC. waitedD. continued 43. A. talkingB. singingC. dancingD. listening 44. A. legsB. headsC. armsD. shoulders 45. A. teachB. imagineC. playD. understand 46. A. unpreparedB. unspokenC. unknownD. unforgotten 47. A. gamesB. musicC. tearsD. knowledge 【答案】 36D 37A 38B 39A 40C 41D 42C 43D 44B 45A46C 47B 42C;考查动词。根据后文的：When the music started, the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors.可知当作者将音乐放进机器里，学生们趴在自己的桌子上 静静地等着音乐响起来，故选 C 43D;考查动词。老师在放音乐，当然学生们都在听，listening 放在此较其他选项都比较合 适。故选 D 44B;考查名词。Raise sbs head(s)抬起头来。句意：当音乐放完的时候，我要求他们所有人 慢慢地抬起头来，那样的话，我们就可以一起分享我们的音乐之旅。故选 B 45A;考查动词。根据前文：At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences,可知学生们从开始的不愿响应作者到最后跟着作者一起参与其中，这让作者开 始知道怎么教书了，故选 A 46C;考查形容词。A. unprepared 为准备好的 B. unspoken 无言的 C. unknown 未知的 D. unforegotten 难忘的； 根据前文有 the knowing 已知的， 又有 and 连接， 可知横向上填 unknown 未知的，构成像前文 tears and smiles 那样的对比，形成对仗，故选 C 47B;考查名词。根据前文：The music allowed me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knowing and the unknown and, most of all, an understanding of each other.可知这些都是音乐的好处，它让我们知道了分享和尊重，泪水和欢笑，已知与未 知，最主要的是它让我们相互了解。所以最后一句作者旨在总结：这就是课堂音乐所拥有的 力量 【考点定位】记事类短文阅读。 2015 年普通高等学校年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（招生全国统一考试（江苏江苏卷）卷） I was required to read one of Bernie Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so37 to me and had such a big38 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to39 my own cancer experience? Im an ambitious40, and when I started going through chemo (化疗) , even though Im a very41 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the42 . One day, while waiting to go in for43 , I had one of Dr. Bernies books in my hand. Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me45 he had one of his books with him as well. It46 that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was47 a published author, and he was currently48 on a new book. We would see each other at various times and49 friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) 50 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 51 on my face. He unfortunately 52 last year due to his cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54 to pick up my pen again. I55 to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I.” 36. A. tastesB. ideasC. notesD. memories 37. A. amazingB. shockingC. amusingD. strange 38. A. strikeB. pushC. challengeD. impact 39. A. learn fromB. go overC. get throughD. refer to 40. A. readerB. writerC. editorD. doctor 41. A. positiveB. agreeableC. humorousD. honest 42. A. moodB. positionC. stateD. way 43. A. adviceB. referenceC. protectionD. treatment 44. A. viewedB. knewC. noticedD. wondered 45. A. whileB. becauseC. althoughD. providing 46. A. came outB. worked outC. proved outD. turned out 47. A. naturallyB. merelyC. hopefullyD. actually 48. A. decidingB. investingC. workingD. relying 49. A. becameB. helpedC. missedD. visited 50. A. patientB. operatorC. fanD. publisher 51. A. signB. smileC. markD. mask 52. A. showed upB. set offC. fell downD. passed away 53. A. sinceB. butC. soD. for 54. A. guidanceB. trustC. opportunityD. inspiration 55. A. promisedB. sworeC. thoughtD. replied 【答案】 36. B37. A38. D39. C40. B41. A42. A43. D44. C45. B 46.D47.D48.C49.A50.C51.B52.D53.B54.D55. C 39.C 考查动词短语。根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作。但 病友的执着和 Bernie Siegel 积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期。A 项“从中获取经验，汲取教训”；B 项“复习，仔细检查”；C 项“渡过难关”；D 项“提到， 涉及，参考”。故选 C 项。 40.B 考查名词。根据下文中“, I lost my drive to write”可知，作者是一名抱负的作家。A 项“读者”；B 项“作家”；C 项“编辑”；D 项“医生”。故选 B 项。 41.A 考查形容词。句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力。a positive person 与 lost my drive to write 构成让步关系，且与上文 positivity 呼应。 A 项“积极的”；B 项“称 心如意的”；C 项“幽默的”；D 项“诚实的”。故选 A 项。 42.A 考查名词。句意：我就是感觉太累，没有心情去写。in the mood 意为“没有心情去做 事”。A 项“心情”；B 项“位置，职位”；C 项“状态”；D 项“方式”。故选 A 项。 43.D 考查名词。句意：一天，当我在等待治疗时，手里拿着 Bernie 的一本书。A 项“建议”； B 项“提及，参考”；C 项“保护”；D 项“治疗”。故选 D 项。 44.C 考查动词。句意：另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来。A 项 “认 为”；B 项“知道，了解”；C 项 “（无意中）注意到”；D 项 “想知道”。故选 C 项。 45.B 考查连词。句意：该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本 Bernie 的书。A 项表示时间或轻微转折；B 项表示原因；C 项表示让步；D 项表示条件。故选 B 项。 46.D 考查动词短语。除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家。A 项 “出现，出版”；B 项“锻炼， 解决，制定”；C 项“证明是合适的，令人满意的”；D 项“证明是，结果是”。it turned out that 是固定搭配，意为“结果是，结果证明”故选 D 项。 47.D 考查副词。句意：事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新