高中英语 模块一UNIT3讲解教案 牛津版

高中英语模块一UNIT3一、 重要单词： 1.makemake up 编造；化妆 make out 看出，辨认出；理解；填写，写出，拼凑make up for 弥补 be made up of(=consist of) 由组成make up ones mind下定决心，打定主意2.stay/remainstay up late 熬夜 stay young/healthy 保持年轻/健康 remain (to be) very weak 任然很虚弱3.exercisetake more exercise 多锻炼 a good form of exercise 一个良好的训练形式do a lot of exercises in English grammar 进行大量的英语语法练习do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操4.diedie from(polluted air,overwork) 死于（外因）die of(cancer,grief,hunger,anger) 死于（内因）be dying for sth/to do sth. 渴望做某事 deadly disease 致命的疾病die happy 安乐死 die out 绝种 die down （风力、声音等）渐渐消失，平息，变弱5.辨析： another 同类的另一个，接可数名词单数或接数词加可数名词复数the other 常用语onethe otherthe others （有范围的）其他的others （无范围的）其他的6.辨析： especially 尤其（=particularly）particularly 尤其（in particular）；对挑剔（be particularly about）【注：particular in spring 尤其在春天（不能用especially）】specially 特别、专程（例如at a special price）7.weighv. weightn. weightyadj.put on weight 增重 lose weight 减肥weigh two kg 重达两千克（不用被动语态）have ones luggage weighed 给行李称过重8.agreeagree to do sth. 同意做某事 agree that 同意agree with ones ideas/what sb. does 同意某人的观点/所做的事agree to(term,plan,proposal,suggestion,advice) 同意/接受agree on 在上达成共识9.recoverv. recoveryn.recover from 从中恢复过 recover oneself 恢复神智recover sth. from 从中找回某物；重新获得10.matchmatch sb. in sth. 在某方面比得过某人 match=go with 和相配a good match for 对来说很得体 strike a match 擦火柴11.辨析： damage毁坏，损害，损失，不如destroy严重，且一定程度上可恢复destroy （毁灭性的）破坏，程度很深harm 对有害（do harm to），暗示不良后果ruin 破坏（美好的东西）（in ruins变成废墟）12.worth 值得做be worth sth./doing sth.be worthy of being doneto be donebe worthwhile doing/to do sth.13.dietgo on diets/a diet 节食 put sb. on a diet 控制某人饮食14.每隔一天 every other dayevery second dayevery two days15.considervconsider sth./sb. as 把当做 consider sth/ding sth/what to do 考虑take into consideration/account 把考虑进去16.effectn. affectv.have/produce an effect on 对产生影响 side effect 副作用come into effect 生效 be much affect by 被感动17.riskrisk doing sth. 冒险做某事 at/take/run the risk of 冒着风险at risk 处境危险 risk ones life 冒着生命危险18.marryv. marriagen.marry A to B 把A嫁给B marry sb. 嫁给某人be married to sb 嫁给某人（表状态）be engaged to sb 订婚 be engaged in sth. 忙于做某事 be married well 嫁给了有钱人19.offeroffer to do sth. 主动提出做 offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物offer sb. money for 给某人出钱买 offer sb. sth.for money 有偿地卖给某人某物20.wayby the way 顺便说下on the way 在路上；即将发生in the way 挡路in a way 在某种程度上all the way 一路上no way 没门21.troublehave trouble in doing sth. 做某事遇到麻烦 take the great trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth. 给某人添麻烦；使某人为做某事而为难二、重点词组： 1. work outa. 锻炼身体，做运动I would work out in the gym after work when I was in Nanjing.b. 算出，计算 Please work out the answer.c. 解决，处理 Dont get down. Things will work out eventually.d. 计划，制定出When you began to work，you might work out a practical scheme.work out to/at 总计达The bill works out to 10.work on sth./ doing sth. 从事，致力于 I worked on (writing) this article all night.work on sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事 My parents spent the whole weekend working on me to go on holiday with them.2.figure outa. 算出；想出；解决It took me hours to figure out those algebra problems.b. 理解，将 弄明白I cant figure him out.figure on sth./ doing sth. 料想，打算干I didnt figure on meeting her there3. ashameda. be ashamed of sth./sb./doing sth./having done sth.由于（某人/某事/做了某事）而羞愧b. be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事，因觉得可耻而不做c. be ashamed to have done sth. 由于做了某事而羞愧d. be ashamed that 羞于某事He was ashamed of asking/having asked/to have asked such a simple question.He was ashamed that he had asked such a simple question.4. prefer(1) prefer+名词 Would you like meat or fish? Id prefer meat，please.(2) prefer+动名词 Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant?(3) prefer+不定式 I prefer to spend the weekend at home.(4) prefer sb. to do sth. Their father prefers them to be home early.(5) prefer A to B 在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以都是动名词。例如：I prefer dogs to cats. I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.(6) prefer to +rather than1) 本句型中，第一个不定式前面要加to，第二个不定式前面以不加to居多。He prefer to die rather than become traitor。2) rather than也可以置于句首。Rather than buy a car of his own, he prefers to rent one.3) than后也可用动名词：I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film.4) prefer to rather than中的rather也可以移到第一个不定式之前(prefer ratherthan)，这种用法多见于书面语。He preferred rather to take the whole blame himself than to allow it to fall on the innocent.5) prefer doing A to doing B与prefer to do A rather than do B意义相同，Joe prefers skating to skiing. / Joe prefer to skate rather than ski.6) prefer+that (should) + do+虚拟从句Would you prefer that I come on Monday instead of on Tuesday?I prefer that someone else should do this.三、难点讲解 1. Dying to be thin. 这是个双关语，既可以理解成“差一点为瘦身而死”，也可以理解为“迫切希望瘦身”。Dying 的本意是“快要死去的，而dying to do/be+adj或dying for+n则表示“迫切希望.”。例如： He is dying to see his homeland again. She is dying for a chance to be back on the stage. 2. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here. medicine 泛指药物，尤指内服药，表示“治疗的药”时后面跟介词for: the medicine for cold。 Pill药片、药丸, ,表示“治疗的药”时前面加定语：sleeping pills 。drug药剂、麻醉药、毒品，drug(s) 表示“治疗的药”时和for/to treat连用。 3. I think you look great as you are. as you are是状语从句意思是“以你本来的面目” as作连词的用法较复杂，可以表示“当.时候、因为、既然、相比、虽然，按照做、象一样、当做”，还可以用来指代上文中提到的事情以避免重复。作“虽然，尽管”,引导让步状语从句，这时从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。eg；请看例句： Alone as he is, he does not feel lonely. Try as you would, you could not make him change his mind. .Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.（注意在本句型中，作表语用的可数名词单数前不能加冠词a。）4. Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors. Indoor、outdoor是形容词，只能作定语使用; indoors/outdoors是副词，作地点状语。例如： It is an indoor sport. We can play the game indoors. 【语法】 一、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 二、反意疑问句： 反义疑问句的形式：反意疑问句是附加在陈述句之后, 对所陈述内容提出质疑或通过反问以强化陈述内容的一种疑问句。总体原则： 如果陈述部分是肯定的, 附加部分用否定形式, 如果陈述部分是否定的, 附加部分用肯定形式。 附加部分的助动词和代词应与陈述部分一致。特殊情况小结：1. 在由 “祈使句 + 疑问部分” 构成的反意疑问句中，疑问部分通常用will youPass me the dictionary, will you? Dont do that again, will you?说明： 在含有let的祈使句后的反意疑问部分，如果let的宾语us包括听者（常写成lets）时用shall we；不包括听者（常写成let us）时用will you。Let的宾语是me时, 要根据意思用will you或may I。let的宾语是第三人称时用will you。 例如：Lets go for a walk , shall we? Let us do it by ourselves, will you?Let me have a look at your photo, will you? Let him speak first, will you?2. 当陈述部分含有 must 时, 要注意 must 的含义。 表示 一定要, 必须时, 反意疑问句附加部分用 mustnt 或 neednt. He must work hard at physics, mustnt he? You must renew the book, neednt you?表示推测 一定是, 必定是时, 反意疑问句附加部分有下列情况:A). 当陈述部分有 must be .时, 反意疑问句附加部分用 be 的现在时态。He must be very tired, isnt he? He must be working hard at the office, isnt he?B). must have + 过去分词 表示对过去的推测a). 单纯表示对过去的推测, 与现在无关, 反意疑问句附加部分用过去式。b). 表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在, 反意疑问句附加部分用现在完成式He must have come yesterday, didnt he?He must have lived here at least ten years, hasnt he?You must have studied English for years, havent you?3当陈述部分的主语为nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语用it。Nothing could prevent him from going there, could it?如果陈述部分的主语为nobody, somebody, none, someone, no one, anyone, anybody, everyone等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语用they或he。Somebody took my umbrella away yesterday, didnt they / he?4. 当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时，反意疑问部分应与主句的主语和谓语一致。陈述部分是I think, I suppose, I believe时，反意疑问部分应与that从句的主语和谓语一致, 但要注意否定转移。He said his father had been sent to hospital, didnt he?I think hell come to help us with our work, wont he?I believe you have met each other before, havent you?I dont think he is fit for the job, is he?5. 在英语口语中，由neithernor, neither of来连接主语时，反意疑问部分的主语用they。Neither of them knew his address, did they?如果陈述部分是I am，反意疑问部分用arent I。 Im late, arent I?7. 当陈述部分为感叹句时，反意疑问部分用否定形式，主语仍与感叹句的主语一致。What a fine day today, isnt it?8. 当陈述部分含有wish时，反意疑问部分的助动词用may。I wish to use your dictionary, may I?9. 当陈述部分含有youd better, youd like to时，反意疑问部分分别用hadnt you, wouldnt you。Youd better take his advice, hadnt you? Youd like to go to the party, wouldnt you?10. 当陈述部分是there be句型时，反意疑问部分用be there。There is something wrong with the machine, isnt there? There is no time left, is there?11. 当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, no, never, rarely, few, little, nobody, nowhere等否定动词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定式。He hardly speaks English, does he? She seldom lends her money to others, dose she?12. 当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时，反意疑问部分的主语通常用it。What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?To master a foreign language isnt easy, is it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, isnt it?14. 如果陈述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis- 等否定前缀构成的派生词时，该陈述句部分仍作肯定处理，疑问部分用否定形式。He dislikes chicken, doesnt he？15. 感叹句的反意疑问句附加部分用 to be 的一般现在时的否定式。What fine weather, isnt it? How hard she works, isnt she?16. 陈述部分含有 need, dare 的反意疑问句A). 当 need , dare 为普通动词时, 反意疑问句附加部分用助动词 do 的某种形式。He needs help, doesnt he?B).当 need , dare 为情态动词时, 反意疑问句附加部分用其本身。. We need do it again, neednt we? He dare not say so, dare he?17. 当陈述部分有 used to.时, 反意疑问句附加部分用 didnt / usednt / used + 主语 +not?She used to visit her uncle on holidays, didnt she? / usednt she / used she not?18. 当陈述部分有 ought to 时, 反意疑问句附加部分用 ought 或 shouldWe ought to start at once, oughtnt we? We ought to start at once, shouldnt we?19. 当陈述部分谓语有 would rather 或 would like to 时, 反意疑问句附加部分用 wouldnt + 主语。He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?Youd like to have some bananas, wouldnt you?巩固练习：1. I dont think that the necklace is made of diamond,