【中考命题研究】（遵义）2020中考英语 专题研究突破 专题十一 动词的语态练习（无答案）

专题十一动词的语态,中考五年命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.一般现在时的被动语态2.一般过去时的被动语态3.含情态动词的被动语态考查点年份题号选项设置分值一般现在时的被动语态202031is_not_allowed/are not allowed/is not allowing1分202076cleanis_cleaned1.5分一般过去时的被动语态202033built/is built/was_built1分202034offered/has offered/was_offered1分含情态动词的被动语态202083sellbe_sold1分动词语态为遵义中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要表现为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态。语境设置在近三年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断出选项。语句多为单句形式，词数多为913。预计2020年遵义中考的单项选择题必定会出现一道题考查被动语态，并与时态相结合。,练讲重难点【考点抢测】一、词语运用1Every year，many animals _(kill)2A new club _(open) in our school last month.3Im sure some new rules _(make) next week.4He was made _(work) 10 hours a day.5Football _(play) by the most people.()6.Chinese _ by more and more people from all over the world today.AlearnBlearnedCis learned()7.Today，computers are really helpful.They _ everywhere.Ause Bare usedCused()8.When I called the bus service，I _ that there was no more bus.Awas telling Bwas toldChas told()9.The first Earth Day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.Acelebrates BcelebratedCwas celebrated()10.Alice _ some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Greens.Agave Bwas givenCgives()11.The task _ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedChas been finished【满分点拨】1动词语态的分类英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)2被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的4种时态的被动结构如下：时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneThis kind of car is made in China.这种车是中国制造的。一般过去时was/weredoneThe flying disk was invented by college students.这种飞碟游戏是大学生们发明的。一般将来时will/shallbedoneThe bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月内竣工。情态动词情态动词bedoneTables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动(3)变换步骤：将主动句的宾语变为主语。注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。将动词改为“be过去分词”。注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was_held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了 。将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如He sang a song.A song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌。【方法突破】(1)判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出：若为主语发出，用主动语态；若不是主语发出，用被动语态。物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。(2)确定句子的时态被动语态的使用离不开时态，所以应根据句中的时间状语、上下文的暗示或发生动作的时态来分析判断应使用哪种时态的被动语态。再结合句意给出的时间状语或已发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。4常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb. be heard(seen)to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroomThe girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher everyday.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。5不能使用被动结构的情况(1)连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。(2)有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing(需要做某