中考英语教材一本通 八上 Unit 1-2（通用）

八年级上册Units 12 类别 新课标要求 重点词汇拓展 1.yourself(pron.)yourselves(pl.) 你们自己 2.activity(n.)activities(pl.) 活动 3.decide(v.)decision(n.) 决定；抉择 4.different(adj.)difference(n.)差别；差异；区别differently(adv.)不同地same (反义词 adj.)同一的；相同的 5.health(n.)healthy(adj.)健康的unhealthy(反义词 adj.)不健康的 6.two(num.)twice(adv.)两次；两倍 7.die(v.)death(n.) 死；死亡dead(adj.)死的；失去生命的 8.few(adj.)fewer(比较级)fewest (最高级) 9.bored(adj.)boring (adj.)令人感到厌倦的 10.building(n.)build (v.)建造 11.hungry(adj.)hunger (n.)饥饿 12.hard(adv.)努力hardly (adv.)几乎不 13.one(num.)once (adv.)一次 14.full(adj.)empty(adj.反义词)空的 15.little(adj.&adv.)less (比较级)least (最高级) 重点短语记忆 1.of course 当然；自然 2.feel like 感受到；给的感觉 3.something special 特殊的事情 4.a lot of 大量；许多 5.wait for 等待 6.because of 因为 7.how often 多久一次 8. hardly ever 几乎从不 9.once a week 每周一次 10.at least 至少；不少于；起码 11.such as 例如；像这样 12.more than 多于 13. less than 少于 14.quite a few 相当多 15.stay at home 待在家 16.another two hours 又两个小时 17.in the past 在过去 18.find out 找出；查明 19.old habits die hard 积习难改 重点句型整理 1.Where did you go on vacation? 假期你去了哪儿？ 2.How was the food? 食物怎么样？ Everything tasted really good! 一切尝起来都很好。 3.Did everyone have a good time?每个人都玩得很高兴吗？ Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.是的。一切都很好。 4.What do you usually do on weekends？ 周末你通常做什么？ 5.How often do you go to the movies? 你多久看一次电影？ I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大约一个月看一次电影。 6.How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡几个小时？ 【常考词汇】 1.decide 【知识点睛】decide 动词，意为“决定”。 decide on sth.就某事而定 decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事 decide“特殊疑问词动词不定式” decision 名词，意为“决定”。 make a decision 做决定 We decided on spending the vacation by the sea.我们决定在海边度假。 He decided to go to France for his holiday.他决定到法国去度假。 I cant decide what to wear.我不能决定穿什么。 【即时演练】1)他们决定在周末去游泳。 They _decided_to_ go swimming on weekends. 2)在你生气的时候，请不要做任何决定。 Please dont _make_any_decisions_ when you are angry. 2.try 【知识点睛】try 动词，“试图；设法；努力”。 try to do sth.试图去做某事 try ones best to do sth.尽力去做某事 try doing sth.尝试着去做某事 try 名词，意为“尝试”。 have a try 尝试一下 Parents are trying to plan their kids lives for them.父母们试图为他们的孩子们计划人生。 We should try our best to protect the environment.我们应该尽力保护环境。 He is trying finishing the work by himself.他正试着独自完成这项工作。 Can I try on the dress？我能试穿这条裙子吗？ 【归纳拓展】 try on 指“试穿”、“试戴”等，其中的 on 为副词，当宾语是代词时，该宾语要放在 on 之前；如果宾语是名词，该宾语放在 on 之前或之后均可，try on a coattry a coat on 试穿衣服 。如： The new hat is for youPlease try it on 这顶新帽子是给你的。请试试看。 try out 指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法，其中的 out 为副词，当宾语是代词时，try out 要分开用。如： We tried out this new crop on a large area last year去年我们大面积试种这种新农作物。【即时演练】1)We can go to Jinan Railway Station by bus. Why not _A_ there for a change? Atry walking Btrying to walk Ctry to walk Dto try walking 2)This yellow T-shirt looks nice.May I _C_？ Sure. Atry them on Btry on it Ctry it on Dtry on them 3.hardly 【知识点睛】hardly 副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，表示否定意义，其同义短语为 almost not。通常用在形容词、副词或动词之前。温馨提示：hardly 不是 hard 的副词形式。hardly 表示频率，常与 ever 连用。其他表示频率的词还有：never(从不)，sometimes(有时)，often(经常)，usually(通常)，always(总是)， seldom(很少)。 I hardly ever exercise.我几乎不锻炼。 There is hardly any food in the fridge.冰箱里几乎没有食物了。 【即时演练】1)Did you go to the cinema last night? Oh，no.I _B_ go to the cinema.The tickets，you know，are too expensive. Aalways Bhardly Cusually Doften 2)My sister _A_ goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day. Aalways Bsometimes Chardly Dnever 4.although 【知识点睛】although 用作连词，意为“虽然；纵使；不过；然而”，引导让步状语从句，相当于 though，两者在大多数情况下可以通用。although 引导的从句，既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，若置于主句之前，多用逗号与主句隔开。 温馨提示：在一个句子中，用了 although/though，就不能再用 but，但可用 yet；用了 but 就不能用 although/though。 Although/Though they are very poor，(yet) they have enough to eat.他们虽然很穷，但食物还是够吃的。 He went out without an overcoat although/though it was very cold.尽管天气很冷，但他没有穿大衣就出去了。 though 还可作副词，表示“然而”，常位于句末，其前常用逗号与前句隔开。 He passed the exam, he wasnt happy, though.他通过了考试，然而他并不开心。 【即时演练】1)_B_ he was very tired，he continued working in his office. ASince BAlthough CAs soon as DBecause 2)_D_ Lin Feng has to work late，she always wears a smile on her face. ABecause BIf CUntil DThough 3）My mother prefers to take a bus to her office _ she has a car of her own. Aif Bbecause Calthough Duntil (由“My mother prefers to take a bus to her office”可知后半句译为“虽然她自己有一辆小汽车”，故选 C。) 5.another two hours 又两个小时 【知识点睛】“another数词名词复数”意为“再；又；还”，相当于“数词more名词复数”。 There is room for another three people in the back of the bus. There is room for three more people in the back of the bus.公共汽车后面还能坐下三个人。 【即时演练】1)Have you finished your todays work? No，I need _B_ Atwo another hours Banother two hours Cmore two hours Dtwo other hours 6.seem v好像；似乎；看来 【知识点睛】(1)“It seems that 引导的从句”表示“看来”。 It seems that he was late for the train.看来他没赶上火车。 (2)seem to do sth.意为“似乎做某事”。 They seemed to find the way to the cinema.他们似乎找到了去电影院的路。 (3)“seem(to be)adj.”意为“看上去”。 My temperature seems (to be) all right.我的体温看上去正常了。 (4)“seemn.”意为“看起来”。 That seems not a bad idea. 主意看起来还不错。 【即时演练】翻译：这则消息似乎比我们原先预想的传播得更快。 The news _ than we had expected. （答案：seemed to (be) spread faster/more quickly） u 常考句型 易错辨析 1Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？ No, I bought nothing. 没有。我什么也没买。 (Unit1) 【知识点睛】 anything 为不定代词，用于否定句和疑问句中，形容词修饰不定代词要放在后面。在肯定句中通常用 something。 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 There isnt anything new on todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上没有任何新的内容。 2It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 天气晴朗而且炎热，所以我们决定去我们旅馆附近的海滩。(Unit1) 【知识点睛】 (1)decide to do sth. 决定做某事，decide 的名词是 decision。 (2)decide to do sth.make a decision to do sth.make up ones mind to do sth. They decided not to go back home during the summer holiday. They made a decision/made up their minds not to go back home during the summer holiday. 他们决定暑假不回家了。 (3)decide on sth.决定/选定某事物 She has decided on Hainan Island for vacation.她已决定去海南岛度假。 3I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道以前这儿的生活是什么样的。(Unit 1) 【知识点睛】 wonder 此处作“想知道；琢磨”讲，相当于 want to know，后常接 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。 I wonder if you mind giving me a hand.我不知道你是否能帮我一下。 【归纳拓展】 (1)wonder 表示“想知道；想弄明白；琢磨”时，后常接 why，who，where， what，when 等引导的宾语从句，也可接带疑问词的动词不定式。 (2)表示“对感到惊讶”时，后接 that 引导的宾语从句或用 wonder at sth.。 (3)wonder 作名词时，意为“奇观；奇迹；奇事；奇妙之处”。 4What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异是多么大啊！(Unit 1) 【知识点睛】这是一个感叹句。表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、赞扬和气愤等情绪。 常见的感叹句的结构： 类别 结 构 例 句 以what 引导 Whata/anadj.单数可数名词主语谓语！ What a beautiful skirt it is！多么漂亮的短裙啊！ Whatadj.复数可数名词主语谓语！ What great inventions he has made！他的发明多么伟大啊！ Whatadj.不可数名词主语谓语！ What bad weather it is today！今天的天气多么糟糕啊！ 以 how 引导 Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！ How clever a boy he is！多么聪明的男孩！ Howadj./adv.主语谓语！ How quickly Tom runs！汤姆跑得真快！ 5.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为有太多的人，我们等了一个多小时的火车。(Unit1) 【知识点睛】 (1) wait for 固定短语， 意为“等待，等候”。 (2) too many“太多”，后跟可数名词的复数形式。 【妙辨异同】 too much，much too 与 too many too much 意为“太多”，可以修饰不可数名词，作定语；也可单独使用，作主语、宾语或表语；还可作副词，作状语，表示“太多”。 much too 只能作副词，修饰形容词或副词，表示“十分；非常”。（3）too many 意为“太多”，后接可数名词复数，作定语。 He has too much trouble in his life.他生活中的麻烦太多了。 Im much too tired to go out.我实在累得不能出去了。 There are too many people on the square.广场上有太多人。 【即时演练】Why are you so tired these days? Well, I have _A_ homework to do. Atoo much Btoo many Cmuch too Dmany too 6And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. 并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不到下面的任何东西。(Unit 1) 【知识点睛】 because of 是短语介词，意为“因为”，后跟名词、代词、动词-ing 形式。because 是连词，后跟一个从句。 She didnt go to school because she was ill. She didnt go to school because of her illness. 因为生病她没有上学。 7My father didnt bring enough money.我父亲没有带足够的钱(Unit 1) 【知识点睛】 enough 作形容词，意为“足够的；充足的”，通常用来修饰名词，放在名词前后均可。 enough 作副词，意为“足够地”，常用来修饰形容词或副词，但只能放在这些词之后。 enough 后常接(for名词/代词)to do sth.结构，意为“足够做某事”。 温馨提示：名前形副后，enough 足够。 We have enough time for the work.我们有充足的时间完成任务。 I think his picture is beautiful enough，but he said he didnt draw it carefully enough.我觉得他的画够美的了，但他说他画得不够细致。 We have enough water and bread.我们有足够的水和面包。 He runs quickly enough.他跑得足够快。 Its warm enough in the room.屋子里够暖和了。 The box is light enough for the boy to carry.箱子很轻，那个男孩可以搬动。 【即时演练】1)This movie wasnt _A_He fell asleep half way through it. Ainteresting enough Benough interesting Cinterested enough Denough interested 2)Lucy isnt_old_enough_to carry the box.(选出能代替画线部分的一项)_C_ Ais so young that she can Bisnt young enough to Cis too young to Dis so young to 3)This movie wasnt _. He fell asleep half way through it. Ainteresting enough Benough interesting Cinterested enough Denough interested （主语 this movie 是物，用 interesting 修饰。另外，enough 修饰形容词时，要后置，故选 A。） 8How often do you exercise？你多久锻炼一次？(Unit 2) 【知识点睛】 (1)how often“多久一次”，用于提问动作发生的频率，答语是频度副词或短语，如 never，sometimes，once a year 等。 How often do you watch TV？你多久看一次电视？ Twice a week.一周两次。 【归纳拓展】 常见的与 how 连用的短语： 短 语 含 义 提问内容 答语 how often 多久一次 对频率提问 always, usually, often, sometimes, once/twice a day/month, every day, hardly ever, never how long 多长 多久 物体长度 时间段 答语通常是(for)three days/weeks/months, since two hours ago 等时间段；two meters long how soon 多久之后 常用在一般将来时态的句子中，其答语通常是“in一段时间” in一段时间 how far 多远 距离 ten kilometers/miles how many 多少 可数名词的量 相应的量 how much 多少 不可数名词的量物品价格 相应的量 【即时演练】1)_How_often_ are the Olympic Games held? Every four years. 2)_How_soon_ will your father be back? In five days. 3)_How_far_ is it from your home to school? 5 minutes walk. 4)_How_long_ have you worked in this company? Since three years ago. (2)exercise 此处作动词，意为“锻炼”；也可作名词，作“锻炼；运动”讲时为不可数名词，作“练习；习题”或“(保持健康或培养技能的)一套动作，训练活动”讲时为可数名词。常见短语：do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操；do some exercises 做习题。 9I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大约一个月看一次电影。(Unit 2) 【知识点睛】 maybe adv.“大概；可能；或许”，常用于句首，与 perhaps 近义。 【妙辨异同】 maybe 与 may be （1） maybe 是副词，意为“或许；可能”，在句中作状语，相当于 perhaps，常用于句首，不能用作谓语动词。 （2） may be 是“情态动词动词原形”，两者共同构成完整的谓语动词，意为“可能是；也许是”，在句中只能作谓语，可表示一种肯定的推测。 Maybe you are right.You may be right.也许你是对的。 10He hardly ever watches TV. 他几乎不看电视。(Unit2) 【知识点睛】 hardly adv.意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，表示否定意义，相当于 almost not。常用短语 hardly ever 意为“几乎从不”。hardly 用在反意疑问句中时，附加问句用肯定形式。 There is hardly any water in the bottle，is there? 瓶子里几乎没有水，是吗？ 温馨提示：hardly 不是 hard 的副词形式，hard 可作形容词或副词，作形容词时，意为“艰难的；难做的；坚硬的”；作副词时，意为“努力地；猛烈地”。 11Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 虽然许多学生喜欢观看体育节目，但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。(Unit 2) 【知识点睛】 although 连词，意为“虽然；尽管；即使”，可在句首，也可在句末，与 though 同义。 Although he is poor, he is very happy. 虽然他很穷，但他很快乐。 【妙辨异同】 although 与 though 温馨提示：although 和 though 均不能和连词 but 在同一个句子中使用，但可以与副词 yet 或 still 连用。 12.but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。(Unit 2) 【知识点睛】 through 介词，在此意为“以；凭借”。through 作介词时，还有“从一端至另一端；穿过”的意思。 Andy achieved his dream through hard work.安迪通过努力工作实现梦想。 The river runs through the forest. 那条河穿过森林。 【妙辨异同】 across，through、over 与 past across 为介词，表示“从表面穿过”或者“横穿”，指从表面走过或从一边到另一边 across from 意为“在对面”。 He can swim across the river. 他能游过这条河。 through 穿越，指从空间内穿过，往往指穿过沙漠、森林，(光线)透过窗户等。 The river runs through the city. 这条河流经这座城市。 over 为介词，意为“翻越”，表示到达高的障碍物(如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等)的另一侧。还指指越过一段距离或度过一段时间。 He jumped over the wall. 他跳过了墙。 past 介词，意为“经过；路过”，指从物体的旁边经过。 【即时演练】 1)The two men run _through_ the forest. 2)The little girl ran _across_ the road. 3)When I walked _past_ him，I found something strange on his face. 4)The cat jumped _over_ the wall and ran away. 13. Its good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.上网或看游戏类节目是很好的放松方式。 【知识点睛】句型 Itsadj.for sb.to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事”；句型 Its adj.of sb.to do sth.意为“某人做某事”。两种句型中，it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 to do sth.。 温馨提示：在此句型中，中间是用介词 of 还是介词 for，取决于形容词。当形容词修饰 sb.时，应用介词 of；当形容词修饰 to do sth.时，用介词 for。 Its very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了。 Its a little difficult for students to learn English.学习英语对于学生来说有点儿难。 【即时演练】1) Its so brave _B_ the soldier to save the boys life. Ato Bof Cfor Dwith 2)Its nice _ you _B_ me with my math. Afor；to help Bof；to help Cfor；helping Dof；helping 14. sometimes，some times，sometime，some time 【知识点睛】sometimesat times 为频率副词，意为“有时”，表动作发生的不经常性。 some times 意为“几次；几倍”，time 此处为可数名词，意为“次数；倍数”。 sometime 为副词，表“在某时；有朝一日”，指将来或过去的一个不确定时间。 some time 指“一段时间”，time 此处为不可数名词，意为“时间”。口诀：有 s 是有时，有时分开好几次；无 s 是某时，某时分开是一段。 Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Sunday.星期天他有时去看电影。 He has been to Beijing for some times before.他以前去过北京几次。 We will take our holiday sometime in August.我们将在八月的某个时候度假。 I spend some time practicing speaking English every day.我每天花一些时间练习英语。 【即时演练】1)The foreign friends will come to our school _sometime next week. 2)We have known each other for _some_time_ 3)Usually I come by car，but _sometimes_ I come by train. 4)I am sure that we have met _some_times_ before. 15.maybe，may be 【知识点睛】maybe 是副词，意为“可能”，常位于句首，相当于另一副词 perhaps。 may be 是“情态动词 maybe”构成的谓语部分，意为“也许是；可能是”。 Maybe he is not very healthy.可能他不是很健康。 The book may be Peters.这本书也许是彼得的。 【即时演练】1)She _A_ know the answer，but Im not sure. Amaybe Bmay be Cmay Dmust 16.much too，too much，too many 【知识点睛】much too 意思是“太”。much 是用来加强 too 的，后接形容词或副词。 too much 意思是“太多的”。too 是用来加强 much 的，后接不可数名词。 too many 后接可数名词复数形式，同义于 too much。 There are too many cars at this time every day.每天的这个时候都有太多的车辆。 I have too much homework to do.我有太多的家庭作业要做。 The food there is much too terrible.那儿的食物太糟糕了。 【即时演练】1)There are _too_many_ people on the bus. 2)There is _too_much_ water on the floor. 3)Im afraid that cap is _much_too_ big for me. 17.because，because of 【知识点睛】because of 是复合介词短语，后接名词或名词性短语。 because 回答以 why 开头的疑问句，并引导原因状语从句。 He stopped playing soccer because of his sore back.他因为背痛停止了踢足球。 The sports meeting is put off because it rained heavily last night.由于昨晚雨下得很大，运动会被推迟了。 【即时演练】1)He had to retire early _D_ poor health. Aas a result Bbecause Cso Dbecause of 2)The red suitcase is expensive _C_ its made of leather. Awhen Bif Cbecause Dthough 18.none/no one 【知识点睛】(1)none 表示“(三者或三者以上的人或物中)一个也没有”。 none of 后接复数可数名词/代词时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。 none of 后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。 None of this money is mine. 这些钱都不是我的。 (2)no one 泛指“没有人(nobody)”，不接 of 短语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 No one enjoys the film. 没人喜欢这部电影。 No one knows about it. 没有人知道此事。 (3)用 what, who 提问的句子要分别用 nothing, no one(nobody) 来回答。用 how many， how much 提问的句子则要用 none 来回答。 Who is in the room? 谁在房间里？ No one (Nobody). 没人。 What is in your bag? 你的包里有什么？ Nothing. 什么也没有。 How many people are there in the classroom?教室里有多少人？ None. 一个人也没有。 【即时演练】Wow! Youve got so many clothes. But _ of them are in fashion now. Aall Bboth Cneither Dnone (由 so many 可知是指三者或三者以上，排除 B 和 C。再由 But 可知答语表达否定意思，故选 D。) 19. other，others，another, the other 与 the others other 可作形容词或代词，作形容词时意为“别的;其他的”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如： Do you have any other question? 你还有其他问题吗？ others 是 other 的复数形式，泛指“另外几个;其余的”，在句中可作主语、宾语。常用于句式 some.others., 意为“一些另一些”。如： Some of us like singing and dancing， others like playing sports.我们中的一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，另一些人喜欢体育运动。 another 既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于出现三者或更多的人或物时，泛指同类事物中三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I dont like this one. Please show me another one.我不喜欢这个。请让我看一下另外一个。 the other 意为“另一个”，常用于两个人或物中的另一个。句式为 one., the other.,意为“一个, 另一个”。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the others 意为“其他东西;其余的人”，特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”，是 the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园，其余的人将留在家里。 12020连云港 I could _ control my feelings at the moment. The song brought back so many childhood memories. Areally BHardly Cnearly Dclearly 22020襄阳 I dont think history is more useful than physics. I disagree. In my opinion, history is _ physics. Aas useful as Bnot so useful as Cless useful than Dthe most useful of 32020黄冈 Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world. That is, it is larger than _ country in Asia. Aany Bany other Cother Danother 42020昆明 Where would you like to go this MidAutumn Festival? Id like to go_ Aeverywhere relaxing Bsomewhere relaxing Cpeaceful anywhere Dpeaceful somewhere 52020武汉 I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found _ Anone BBoth Cone Dneither 62020聊城 Its dark. I cant see the words on the blackboard _ Acarefully Bclearly Csilently Dpatiently 72020无锡 On those foggy days, you could hardly see anything around you _ it was at noon. Aso Bbecause Cbut Dthough 82020聊城 Jackie asked me _ anything. Anot touch Bnot touched Cnot touching Dnot to touch 92020，湖州Excuse me，Sir._ is it from here to the nearest shopping mall? Well，only about five minutes walk. AHow often BHow long CHow far DHow soon 102020，东营Jim，if you have _ _ to do，what about helping me in the garden? OK，Mum. Asomething Banything Cnothing Deverything 112020，金华Try your best _ _ with your parents，and they will understand your decision. Ato talk Btalk Cto play Dplay 122020，苏州_ _ do you go to the sports club? At least once a week. AHow long BHow often CHow much DHow far 132020，安徽_ _ the sun was not yet up，many people were already taking exercise in the square. AAs BIf CThough DBecause 142020，玉林The meat is _ _ delicious. Yes，but dont eat _. Atoo much；too much Bmuch t