中考命题研究河北省2020中考英语 语法专题突破 专题八 动词（无答案） 人教新目标版

专题八动词第一节动词的分类及辨析河北中考五年命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值名词词义辨析202042动词词义辨析read/watch/guess/listen1分46动词词义辨析rest/shake/look/work1分50动词词义辨析save/help/care/relax1分202035感官动词辨析smells/tastes/feels/sounds1分48动词词义辨析asked/told/replied/spoke1分49动词词义辨析boring/buy/take/sell1分202046动词词义辨析mind/keep/like/remember1分55动词词义辨析moves/happens/appears/develops1分202046动词词义辨析moves/comes/returns/leaves1分48动词词义辨析won/began/failed/ended1分50动词词义辨析tried/forgot/stopped/remembered1分202037感官动词辨析feels/sounds/tastes/smells1分47动词词义辨析liked/hated/found/lost1分50动词词义辨析happened/changed/ended/appeared1分河北中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及动词(包括实义动词和感官动词)、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词(只考查动词不定式)。完形填空中也涉及实义动词词义辨析，而词语运用中对动词的考查主要是和时态相结合。预计2020年中考单选仍会从动词短语、情态动词、动词不定式方面来考查。完形填空主要考查动词词义辨析。河北中考重难点突破动词的分类动词分类【考点抢测】()1._ everyone here today？Now lets begin the meeting.ABeBAreCIsDAm()2.He _ pale at the meeting this morning.Agot Blooked Cturned Dseemed()3.I _ go to bed until I finished my work.Adont Bdid Cdidnt Dnot()4.He said that he dropped his bag when he _ running for the bus.Awas Bwere Care Dis()5.He _ an English club last year and has made great progress in English.Aprotected BproducedCjoined Dreceived()6.If you want to change the world，you have to _ yourself first.Aenjoy Bcheck Chelp Dchange()7.The man over there _ be Mr. Smith.He has gone to Hong Kong.Amust Bmay Ccant Dneednt()8.According to the new traffic law，everyone in a car _ wear the belt.Acan Bmay Cmust Dwill【满分点拨】动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为4类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在第三节中具体讲解。河北中考侧重于感官动词的考查，偶尔也涉及实义动词的辨析。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。1动词的分类动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(1)实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：动词宾语。如：He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：We study English.我们学习英语。(及物)We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)The little girl is singing an English song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英语歌曲。(及物)The little girl sings well.这个小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物)(2)系动词的用法(共考查7次)系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常考系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态表示主语所处的状态。am，is，are，was，were表示持续表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态。keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人体感官的系动词。look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态。become，get，go，grow，turn常见用法的注意事项：一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。(3)助动词的用法(共考查5次)助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：分类作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时【易错点提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。(4)情态动词的用法(具体用法和习题详见本专题的第三节情态动词)2动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式。be，do，have，come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加s。workworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加es。gogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加es。flyfliesstudystudies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加ed。workworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加d。closeclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed。studystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ed。stopstoppedplanplanned现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ing。sleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ing。smilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ing。sitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。diedyinglielying动词辨析【考点抢测】一、词语运用1We need to buy a computer that _ least and has the best quality.2Why are you _ a Tshirt？Youll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.3Mom，this kind of fruit _ nice.Id like to taste one.二、单项选择()4.You are _ to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesnt get bored.AsuggestedBsupportedCtaught Dsupposed()5.His family are worried about him because they havent _ letters from him for a long time.Aaccepted BreceivedCwritten Dcollected()6.Daisy is such a good daughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.Aspends BcostsCtakes Daffords()7.Try to _Do not depend on your dictionary all the time.Aknow BachieveChelp Dguess()8.Dont forget to _ “Thank you！”when someone helps you.Atalk BtellCsay Dspeak()9.The roof of the house needs repairing.Its raining now，youd better get something to _ rain drops.Acontrol BcoverCcarry Dcatch()10.(2020石家庄41中模拟)Oh，it _ so nice.What beautiful music it is!Asmells BsoundsCtastes Dlooks()11.I really enjoy the noodles and vegetables.They _ delicious.Astay BfeelCtaste Dsound【满分点拨】分析河北近几年的中考真题不难看出动词辨析是河北中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析，感官动词辨析等。这种题目多会在单选和完形填空中出现。这种题目主要考查学生平时对单词的记忆。河北中考考点精练()1.(2020南京中考)Whats wrong with Simon? He isnt at school today.His legs hurt.He was _by a motorcycle this morning.AtreatedBhitCoperated Dcured()2.(2020滨州中考)Mom is making dinner.It _ so nice!Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds()3.(2020沧州9中模拟)Why didnt you buy any bread?Sorry，I _.Aforget BforgotCremember Dremembered()4.(2020安徽中考)The running water makes the stones _ very smooth.Asound Btaste Csmell Dfeel()5.(2020连云港中考)Oh，my God! I _ my notebook in my bedroom.It doesnt matter.Ill lend you mine.Aforget Bforgot Cleave Dleft()6.(2020江西中考)Fresh food is good for you.But you have to _ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty.Ataste Bsmell Cwash Dplant()7.(2020保定8中模拟)Lao Shes Teahouse _ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.Adescribes BimprovesCprepares Dcorrects()8.(2020盐城中考)The librarian told me that I could _ these magazines for three days.Aborrow BbuyCkeep Dreturn()9.(2020扬州中考)When you _ yourself with others，you miss the wonder of who you are.Acompare BcommunicateCcontact Dconnect()10.(2020无锡中考)The school network will be shut down for safety reasons.That doesnt _ me at all.Im not a networm，anyway.Asatisfy BsurpriseCworry Dinclude()11.(2020邯郸35中模拟)My brother _ to move the heavy box，but I didnt give up.Areminded BrefusedCagreed Dconsidered()12.(2020秦皇岛中考模拟)The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it _ her thoughts and feelings.Aexpress BdiscussCexpect Dimagine()13.(2020唐山一模)Im sorry I left my homework at home.Shall I go and _ it?No，you neednt.Bring it here tomorrow.Aget Bsend Ctake Dpass()14.(2020承德中考模拟)Who reached the station on time?I _！ In fact，I arrived there 5 minutes earlier.Awas Breached Cdid Ddo()15.(2020廊坊中考模拟)I dont _ the heat，for Im used to hot weather.Alike Bmind Cknow Dstand()16.(2020原创预测)He is an honest boy.I have no reason to _ what he said.AhearBdoubtCrepeatDbelieve()17.(2020原创预测)It _ about eight minutes for sunlight(阳光)to travel from the sun to the earth.Atakes BspendsCcosts Dpays()18.(2020原创预测)He always doesnt know where to _ for vacation.Ago Blead Cmake Dinvite()19.(2020原创预测)We all know that learning a foreign language _ time and effort.Arequires BreducesCremoves Drepeats()20.(2020原创预测)I got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3 ，000.Too good to be true.Dont _ it.Ado Bhold Cmake Dbelieve()21.(2020原创预测)Although Lucy is only three years old，she is able to _ herself.Aput Bmake Cwear Ddress()22.(2020原创预测)The local people like that Italian restaurant because it _ both delicious food and good service.Auses BwantsCshares Dprovides第二节动词短语河北中考五年命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词短语202035动词短语辨析look for/pay_for/ask for/wait for1分48动词短语辨析give up/put_down/pick up/think about1分202036get短语辨析get up/get_off/get to/get in1分52动词短语辨析take out/cut off/put down/pick_up1分84动词短语turned_on1分202041动词短语辨析take down/turn up/take away/turn_off1分53动词短语辨析looking for/worrying about/waiting_for/thinking about1分202039down短语辨析cut down/look down/turn down/put_down1分202035take短语辨析take out of/take_care_of/take part in/take away from1分河北中考单项选择题对动词短语的考查主要偏向take/turn/put/down短语等。考查形式主要集中在三个方面：同一动词不同介词，如2020年36题的get短语，2020年35题的take短语；不同动词同一介词，如2020年39题的down短语；不同动词不同介词，如2020年的41题。设题形式为简单句，词数多为913。预测2020年河北中考的单项选择题会考查动词短语辨析。河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】()1.Its hot today，isnt it?Yes，it is.Why not _ your jacket?Atake careBtake placeCtake after Dtake off()2.To keep healthy，many people _ every day.Atake a shower Btake prideCtake a look Dtake exercise()3.(2020保定8中模拟)I have _ my watch everywhere.But I cannot find it.Alooked at Blooked upClooked for Dlooked after()4.Again and again the doctor _ the crying baby girl but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her.Alooked over Blooked afterClooked for Dlooked out()5.There arent many tickets left for the concert，so youd better _ that you get one today.Amake sure of Bmake a decisionCmake sure Dmake plans()6.The firemen soon _ the big fire.Aput off Bput upCput out Dput on()7.(2020邯郸25中模拟)The Olympic Games of 2020 will _ in Brazil.Atake after Btake offCtake place Dtake away()8.Well _ an English play Snow White during this years Art Festival.Alook up Blook outCput off Dput on()9.Because of the bad weather，we have to _ the meeting till next week.Atake off Bget offCput off Dset off()10.My bike is broken.Could you help me to _？Afix it up Bset it upCmake it up Dput it up()11.The heavy snow didnt _ the international airlines.Apay attention toBadd toCmake a difference toDkeep to()12.This morning I _ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.Apicked up Blooked upCcleaned up Dgave up()13.(2020承德2中模拟)Alice，could you help me _ the meat？I want to make some dumplings for dinner.OK.Ill do it right away.Aput up Bgive upCuse up Dcut up()14.Dont _ so often.Its bad for your health.Aget up Bstay upClook up Dcome up()15.He failed in the math test and looks sad.Lets _.Aput him up Bset him upCcheer him up Dclean him up()16.(2020石家庄42中模拟)More and more students _ too much homework and they are really tired of it.Acomplain about Bcare aboutClearn about Dhear about()17.Its cold outside._ your sweater before you go out.APut on BTurn onCPut up DGive up()18.The people in Yaan have met lots of difficulties，but they havent _ hope.Apicked up Bgiven upClooked for Dwaited for()19.I am too tired.I dont know how to _ the problem.Acare about Bdeal withCdepend on Dworry about【满分点拨】动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。动词短语辨析是近年来各省市中考常考点，同一个动词与不同介词或副词的搭配、不同动词与同一个介词或副词的搭配会产生不同意义的动词短语。动词短语的词义辨析试题旨在通过题干或微型语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语的不同搭配识别、记忆及动词短语词义的辨析并恰当运用动词短语的能力。分析河北近5年中考真题可看出单项选择对动词短语的考查主要集中在三方面：(1)同一动词不同介词；(2)不同动词同一介词；(3)不同动词不同介词。A同一动词不同介词。如：get短语：get up，get off，get to，get inturn短语：turn on，turn off，turn up，turn downB不同动词同一介词。如：cut down，look down，turn down，put downput up，get up，look up，wake upC不同动词不同介词。如：put on，take off，look for，cut down河北中考考点精练()1.(2020鄂州中考)I hope to be a volunteer on weekends.You could help to _ the city parks.Acheer upBmake upCtake up Dclean up()2.(2020淄博中考)Hurry up! The plane will _ at six oclock.Aput off Btake offCget off Dturn off()3.(2020攀枝花中考)Dont _ too late，or you will feel tired next day.Awake up Bget upCstay up Dshow up()4.(2020抚顺中考)Dont worry.I can help you _ your pet cat when you go on a trip.Alook up Blook atClook after Dlook like()5.(2020乌鲁木齐中考)Have you read little women yet?Yes.It was so fantastic that I couldnt _.Aput it off Bput it downCput it away Dput it up()6.(2020昆明中考)Waiter，I ordered beef noodles，but I cant see any beef in the noodles!_ your glasses and you can see the beef.APut off BPut upCPut on DPut into()7.(2020随州中考)As we know，many successful people never _ no matter what difficulties theyve had.Astay up Bcheer upCtake up Dgive up()8.(2020河南中考)Jane is very busy these days，for she has a lot of problems to _.Adeal with Bkeep up withCagree with Dcome up with()9.(2020孝感中考)These problems are too hard to _ .Will you give me some advice?There are many ways.The most important is to have a careful plan.Ahand out Bwork outClook out Dbreak out()10.(2020莱芜中考)_！ Its not the end of the world.Lets try again.APut up BSet upCCheer up DPick up()11.(2020十堰中考)_these past three years，I remember many things.ALooking up toBLooking outCLooking back atDLooking after()12.(2020宜昌中考)The organization Wild Aid is _ to protect wild animals.It has done a lot so far.Acheered up Bpicked upCtaken up Dset up()13.(2020邢台二模)Spring has come.We cant_ the plan.The trees must be planted this week.Aput off Bmake upCcome up with Dlook up()14.(2020保定8中模拟)When will _ your new book _？It has not been decided yet.Afind out Bcome outClook up Dset up()15.(2020唐山9中模拟)This bus doesnt go to the train station.Im afraid youll have to _ at the library and take the A52.Atake off Bput offCget off Dturn off()16.(2020承德2中模拟)Do you _ your son after school?No.He comes back home on the school bus.Apick up Blook afterCdrop in Dsend for()17.(2020原创预测)CoCo Lee was born in Hong Kong but _ in America.Apicked up Bgave upCgrew up Ddressed up()18.(2020原创预测)After hours of discussion，we finally_ a new way to solve the problem.Acame up withBcaught up withCkept up withDput up with()19.(2020原创预测)We should think of others if we want to _them.Aget on well withBhear ofCget ready forDhear from()20.(2020原创预测)Mr.Wang is _ his wallet at home，but he cant find it anywhere.Alooking out Blooking upClooking at Dlooking for第三节情态动词河北中考五年命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值情态动词基本用法202028cant的用法may/cant/must/neednt1分202034cant表示不能cant/mustnt/shouldnt/neednt1分202034may表请求的用法may/must/should/need1分202036neednt基本用法shouldnt/mustnt/neednt/cant1分情态动词表推测202035must表肯定推测can/may/must/need1分情态动词为河北历年的必考点，主要为其基本用法和词义辨析，如：may在疑问句中表请求，neednt表示没必要，cant表否定推测和不能。特别是must的各种用法，如：must表肯定推测和强制命令。尤其注意在have to和must的问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。同时，也涉及情态动词在被动语态中的运用。设题形式多为单句或对话形式，且词数为1016。预计2020年河北中考的单项选择题会出现一道考查情态动词基本用法的题，且偏向考查must的用法及其问句的答语。河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】()1.Theres only one day to go.You _ finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.AcanBwillCmustDmay()2.(2020保定17中模拟)Excuse me，sir.You _ open the door before the train stops.Amustnt BneedntCmay not Ddont have to()3.Honey，stay home before I return.I _，Mom.Amust Bcan Cwill Dshould()4.It _ be my book.My book has a signature of mine.Aneednt BmustntCcant Dwont()5.That Tshirt _ be expensive because its designed by a famous designer.Acant BmustntCmust Dshould【满分点拨】情态动词有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和实意动词一起构成谓语。常见情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can表示能力，意为“能、会”。Sam can speak English well.Sam英语讲得很好。表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句。She cant be at home now because I saw her out.她现在不可能在家，因为我看见她出去了。表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。Can I borrow your bike？我能借你的自行车吗？couldcan的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗很小的时候钢琴就弹得非常好。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求Could I have one cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶吗？must表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”。You must finish your homework first！你首先必须完成你的家庭作业！表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句，表示“一定”。The coat must be Marys because her name was on it.这个大衣肯定是玛丽的，大衣上面有她的名字。should/ought to意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议。We should protect the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。You ought to teach them carefully.你应该耐心地教导他们。may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话，你可以坐在这儿。表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能，也许”。She may come back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天回来，但是我不确定。mightmay的过去式。He asked if he might go home.他问是否他可以回家了。表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉。Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？表示推测，常用于肯定句，意为“可能、也许”(可能性比may小)。It might rain tomorrow.明天可能有雨。ne