山东省成武县大田集镇初级中学中考英语专项复习 主谓一致（十七）导学案（无答案） 人教新目标版

主谓一致（十七）【复习目标】1掌握主谓一致的基本概念。2掌握主谓一致三原则。【导学过程】在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、语法一致原则 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：(1) To study English well is not easy(2)What he said is very important for us all(3)Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books/ What I say and do is （are） helpful to you2由连接词and或bothand连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：The boy and the girl are surprised when they heard the news 注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come（2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each, every more than a（an） ， many a（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room/ No boy and no girl likes it3主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式,若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。(1)Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground(2)She，like you and Tom，is very tall4either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：(1)Each of us has a new book (2)Everything around us is matter注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the books is（are）interesting（2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has（have） been to America5在定语从句时，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：(1)He is one of my friends who are working hard(2)He is the only one of my friends who is working hard6如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family，class，crowd，population等。如：(1)Class Four is on the third floor (2) Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor注意：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child7由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of+ 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：(1)The rest of the lecture is wonderful (2)50% of the students in our class are girls 注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：(1)There comes the bus (2)On the wall are many pictures二、逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定如：(1)Which is your bag？ (2)Which are your bags？2表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如： Thirty minutes is enough for the work3若英语是书名片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book4表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如： One and a half apples is （are） left on the table5算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：(1)Twelve plus eight is twenty (2)Fifty-six divided by eight is seven6一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：(1)The paper works was built in 1990 (2)I think physics isnt easy to study7trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：(1)My glasses are broken (2)The pair of shoes under the bed is his8“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 三、就近一致原则在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1当两个主语由either or， neither nor， whether or ， not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：(1)Either the teacher or the students are our friends (2) Neither they nor he is wholly right2there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如： There are two chairs and a desk in the room注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。自主复习一、试着做下列题，不会的，快速阅读所给教材相关部分，继续完成。1There_lots of people at the restaurant when I got thereAis Bwas Care Dwere2Do you like your new Tshirt?YesNot only I but also my mother _ itAlikesBlike Cdoesnt like Dto like3He, together with his parents _going to visit Shanghai in JulyHow about you?Im afraid I have to stay at home _Aare; on my ownBis, by myself Cis; by my own Dare; on myself4The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them _about scienceAisBwas CareDWere5One of my friends _moved to AmericaI miss her so muchAhas Bhave Cis Dare 6Look! There playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square Aare a number of deerBare a number of deersCis a number of deerDis a number of deers7How time flies! Ten years _ passed Ahave Bhas Cis Dare8She doesnt like music and Aneither does I Bneither do I Ceither do I Dneither am I二、合作学习（由前后4人组成的大组内合作：把你的答案说出来与同学交流，不同意见进行讨论，小组内达成共识，并将你的困惑提出来让同学帮助解决或求助老师）。三、展示交流（教师组织提问，4人小组派代表发言，向全班展示交流学习成果，小组间进行互评纠错、补充）四、互讲巩固（2人小组分别将上述问题答案的原因复述一遍，同位之间进行互讲）。【精讲点拨】根据学情确定所讲内容，重点讲那些学生讨论交流后还弄不明白的问题以及需要拓展的知识【中考链接】9Between the two buildings _a school Alie Blies Clying Dhave10Therere lots of English books, and _ of them is easy to understand Aboth Ball Cevery Deach11MrBrown together with his family _ just arrived in XianAhas Bhave Chad Dare12The old _ taken good care of in ChinaAare Bis Cwas Dhave13Even a child knows that _are made of _Aglasses; glass Bglass; glass Cglasses; glasses Dglass; glasses14The teacher and writer _ from AmericaAare Bwere Cis Dcome15More than a month _ since the foreign friends came here Ahas passed Bhave passed Chas past Dhave past16Class Two _ taking their lessons when there was a knock at the doorAis Bare Cwas DWere【达标测评】（4人小组大组长组织评价，2人小组互改，大组长检查，组内交流、达成共识；各组代表与全班交流做题情况，教师讲评）。【拓展延伸】先独立做，然后小组内交流。17The whole family enjoying the beautiful music nowAis all Bal