NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构PPT课件

.,1,BasicFire&LifeSafetyforRadiationSafetyProfessionals,RobertEmery,DrPH,CHP,CIH,CSP,RBP,CHMM,CPP,ARMVicePresidentforSafety,Health,Environment,RiskManagement&QualityAssuranceTheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHoustonAssociateProfessorofOccupationalHealthTheUniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealth,.,Whydoweneedfireandlifesafetycodes?,AccordingtotheNFPA,in2007therewere530,500structurefiresoneeveryminute3,000civiliandeathsoneevery2.5hours15,350civilianinjuriesoneevery30minutes$10,600,000,000inpropertydamageAfiredepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20seconds,.,Objectives,IntroducethecodesthatdrivefireandlifesafetycomplianceOverviewoffiredetectionandsuppressionProvidetoolstoconductabasicfireandlifesafetyassessment,.,FireRegulationsandCodes,SafetyandHealthRegulationsOSHA(29CFR1910&1926)FireandLifeSafetyCodesInternationalBuildingCode(IBC)NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)MunicipalRequirements,IBC,OSHA,NFPA,NIOSH,.,AdditionalRequirements,AllcodesareminimumrequirementsInsurancecompanyrequirementsCompanypoliciesTheJointCommissionStateand/orCityrequirements,.,HowareTheseCodesEnforced,Codesareadoptedbyreferencebyordinance.Plansforremodelingoranewconstructionmustbeapprovedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingwork.StateFireMarshalsOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJTakeHomeMessageKnowwhatcode(s)applytoyouroperation,.,WhichdoIfollow?,Remodelingornewconstructionplansmustbeapprovedbyauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingworkStateFireMarshalsOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJ,.,FeaturesofBuildingFireandLifeSafety,AlarmsSprinklersRatedCorridorsExitAccessNumberofRequiredExitsEgressWidthsOccupantLoadsElevatorRecallFireRatedDoors&Frames,SmokeControlRatedStairwellsFireproofingRequirementsElectricalSafetyConstructionCombustibilityFireandSmokeDampersEmergencyPowerRoofAssemblies,.,FireAlarmSystems,PlayanEssentialRoleinProtectingPropertyandLivesFromFire.ProtectionGoalsGovernsSystemSelectionBuildingOccupantSafetySatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJRequirementsPropertyProtectionFirstResponderSafetyEnvironmentalProtectionCombination,.,FireAlarmSystems,IBCreferencesNFPA72forinstallationandmaintenanceNFPA72NationalFireAlarmCodeBasicComponentsPanelDetectionManualAlarmNotificationOff-PremisesConnectionforSupervision,.,FireAlarmSystems,FireAlarmSystemWillProvideThreeTypesofSignalsAlarmTroubleindicatesafaultinamonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthefirealarmsystemBadsmokedetectorGroundfaultSupervisoryindicatesaproblemwithotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingmonitoredbythefirealarmsystemWatervalvetosprinklersystemclosedCleanagentsystemproblem,Alarm,Supervisory,Trouble,.,Off-PremisesConnectionforSupervision,.,CommonFireDetection,SmokeDetectorIonizationPhotoelectricHeatDetectorsFixedTemperatureRate-of-Rise,.,ManualPullStations,ManualpulldeviceswillbelocatedonthewallActivatedbypullingonahandleSendssignaltobuildingsfirealarmsystemwhichplacesthebuildingintoalarm,.,NotificationAppliances,Audiblealarms(Howloudisloudenough?)PublicSPLmustbe5dBaboveanyambientnoisethatlasts60sec.ormore,or15dBabovethe24-hraverage,whicheverisgreaterSleepingquartersMinimumof75dBA,.,NotificationAppliances,VoiceCommunicationBettertohavealargernumberoflowerSPLunitsvs.afewveryloudunitsIntelligibilitycanbeaproblem,.,NotificationAppliances,VisualalarmsPrimarilyintendedtoaugmentaudiblealarmsCommonLocationsofVisualAlarmsCorridorsMeetingroomsRestroomsEnclosedelevatorlobbies,.,FireAlarmSystemInterfaces,HeatingVentilationandAirConditioningDuctdetectorsAHUshut-downSprinklerwaterflowalarmsMagneticlockreleasemechanismsDoorunlockingdevicesElevatorrecallStairwellpressurization,.,SystemReliability,BasedonFourElementsDesignEquipmentUnderwritersLaboratoriesFactoryMutualGlobalInstallationMaintenanceInspection,Testing,andMaintenancearecrucialUnfortunately,someproblemsmaybeidentifiedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompleted,.,FireSuppression,WaterBasedSuppressionCleanAgentSystemsFireExtinguishers,.,WaterBasedSuppression,Wet-PipeSystemcontainswaterunderpressureatalltimesSeriesofclosedsprinklerheadsHeatactivatessprinklerheadWaterisdischargedimmediately*Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperaturesbelow40F,.,Wet-PipeSystem,MainvalveAlarmcheckvalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerheadInspectorstestvalve,.,Wet-PipeSystem,OnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivateFiresprinklersspray18gallonsofwaterperminute,Sprinklerhead,Astemperaturerisesthebulbwillshatter,Waterisreleasedanddeflectedinaspraypattern,.,SprinklerColorCodesandRatings,.,FieldMethodforTemporaryStoppageofSprinklerHead,.,Dry-PipeSystem,SystemcontainsairunderpressureCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupSprinklerheadsholdthepressureAdry-pipevalveholdsbackthewatersupplyValveopenswhenpressurefallsbelowapredeterminedlevelSprinklerheadactivationpressuredropvalveopenswatersenttoallheadswaterdischargedfromactivatedsprinklerhead(s)*Recommendedforareasthatcouldexperiencefreezingtemperatures,.,HowdoDry-PipeSystemsWork?,HeatActivated,PressureDrop,WaterDischargesfromactivatedhead,Watersenttoallsprinklerheads,ValveOpens,.,Dry-PipeSystem,SupplycheckvalveMainvalveDrypipevalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerheadInspectorstestvalve,.,Pre-actionSystem,SystemcontainsairunderpressureCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupWaterheldbackbypre-actionvalveSystemequippedwithsupplementaldetectionOperationofdetectionsystemallowspre-actionvalvetoopenandwaterfillsthesystemWaternotdischargeduntilfirehasgeneratedsufficientheattoactivateasprinklerhead*Typicallyfoundincomputerroomsandmuseums,.,HowdoPre-ActionSystemsWork?,SmokeDetected,WaterDischargesfromactivatedhead,Watersenttoallsprinklerheads,ValveOpens,.,Pre-actionSystem,SupplycheckvalveMainvalveWatercontrolordelugevalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerhead(closed)DetectorElectricalbellManualreleasestationControlpanelInspectorstestvalve,.,FirePumps,FirepumpsareutilizedwhenthehydraulicdemandexceedspublicsupplycapacityComponentsPumpandmotorControllersJockeypumpWatertank,.,WaterSupply,StandpipeSystemClassI2inchhoseconnectionintendedforfiredepartmentuseClassII1inchhoseconnectionsintendedforfirst-aidfirefightingClassIIIProvidedwithboth2inchand1inchhoseconnectionsFireDepartmentConnection,.,SuppressionWithoutWater,HalonNFPA12ABeingphasedoutper1987MontrealProtocolCarbonDioxideNFPA12CleanAgentNFPA2001Inertgasformulation*Thesesystemsareoftennotrecognizedasallowablesubstituteforwatersuppression,.,FireExtinguishers,NFPA10standardforportablefireextinguishersSelectappropriateextinguisherforareaClassA,B,C,D,andKIdentifyhazardoccupancyLightHazardOffices,schools,assemblyhallsOrdinaryHazardMercantilestorage,parkinggaragesHighHazardWoodworkingarea,warehouses,.,ConductingaBasicAssessment,DetermineYourBuildingOccupancyTypeFirstIBCOccupancyClassificationsAssembly:GroupA-1,A-2,A-3,A-4andA-5Business:GroupBEducational:GroupEFactoryandIndustrial:GroupsF-1andF-2HighHazard:GroupsH-1,H-2,H-3,H-4,andH-5Institutional:GroupI-1,I-2,I-3andI-4Mercantile:GroupMResidential:GroupsR-1,R-2,R-3andR-4Storage:GroupsS-1andS-2UtilityandMiscellaneous:GroupU,.,ConductingaBasicAssessment,AdditionalDetailedRequirementsBasedonUseandOccupancyCoveredMallBuildingsHigh-RiseBuildingsAtriumsUndergroundBuildingsMotor-Vehicle-RelatedOccupanciesMotionPictureProjectionRo