高考代词和特殊句式PPT课件

,李静兰Nancy姐,高考语法代词、强调、倒装、主谓一致,2020/5/30,.,2,代词,2020/5/30,.,3,1.any,anyone/anyoneanything,2.some,someone/someonesomebodysomething,2020/5/30,.,4,1.谁也不能鱼和熊掌均兼得。Anybodycannoteathiscakeandhaveit.Nobodycaneathiscakeandhaveit.2.借点钱给我好吗？Willyoulendmeanymoney?Willyoulendmesomemoney?some:期望对方作肯定答复,any作主语，用肯定式作代词/形容词用于否定/疑问/条件中,2020/5/30,.,5,Ps:Theteacherhasgotanyamountofexplanationsforyou.老师能给你各种各样的解释。*any表示数量，“偏高”或“偏低”之意Thereareanynumberofreasonsforgettingupearly.,2020/5/30,.,6,A.anything:1.CCrandownthestreetlikeanything.CC在大街上拼命地跑。2.Iwontaccepttheconditionsforanything.我说什么也不会接受这些条件。3.Heisanythingbutascholar.他根本称不上学者。,2020/5/30,.,7,B.anyone/anyone,someone/someone,everyone/everyoneanyone/someone/everyone:不定代词，只指人不加ofanyone/someone/everyone:“每个”指人/物可加of*somebody=someone“某个人”，随意点,2020/5/30,.,8,Anyonecandoit.Anyoneofuscandoit.Anyoneofthebooksisworthreading.Someonehasdoneit.Someoneofushasdoneit.Someoneofthewindowswasbroken.Everyonehashisfaultsandshortcomings.,2020/5/30,.,9,C.something1.“颇为重要或值得重视的人或物”Heissomethinginourclass.Shethoughtshewassomethingsinceshecameoutfirst.2.代指不确定的人或物Ihaveasomethingforyou.3.“在某种程度上”Iamsomethingworried.,2020/5/30,.,10,A.everything:“最重要的人或物”1.Moneyiseverythingtothegreedyman.2.才干固然重要，但最为重要的是勤奋。Facultyissomethingbutdiligenceiseverything.3.Weshouldknowsomethingofeverythingandeverythingofsomething.我们应该通百艺而专一长。,3.every./no.,2020/5/30,.,11,B.everybody(大人物）nobody(小人物）我再也不想当无名小卒了。Imtiredofbeinganobody.Everybodysfriendisnobodysfriend.滥交朋友则无朋友。Everybodysbusinessisnobodysbusiness.每个人都管就等于无人可管。,2020/5/30,.,12,C.nothing1.无所求，则无所获。Nothingseek,nothingfind.2.Wethoughtnothingofworkingeighthoursonend.我们连续工作八个小时，一点也不觉得。3.Heisnothingofadoctor,butmuchofaquack.他不是什么医生，只是个江湖郎中。,2020/5/30,.,13,*nothing微不足道的人/事Heisrealnothing.他不算什么。Amanmaybesomuchofeverythingthatheisnothingofeverything.一个人也许什么都懂，以至实际上什么都不真懂。,2020/5/30,.,14,1.Itbe+状语+that+句子1）Itisonlywhenoneisillthatonerealizesthevalueofheath.人们生病了才知道健康的价值。2）正是因为水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver.若强调原因状语从句，只能由because引导,强调,2020/5/30,.,15,操练：1.他就是这样学会了承受压力。Itwasinthiswaythathelearnttolivewithstress.2.总是在夜深人静的时候，从古寺中传来奇怪的声音。Ithasalwaysbeeninthedeadofnightthatthestrangesoundhascomefromtheancienttemple.特点：去掉itis.that句子完整,2020/5/30,.,16,2.Itbe+代词/名词/带定从的名词/名从/形容词+that/who/whom/which/whose+句子ItisNancythat/whosentyouthepresents.Itiswhatyouwilldothatisessential.Itwasthetotaldevotionthatshehadtoherstudythatwonherteacherspraise.,2020/5/30,.,17,3.what.is/was.强调结构1)我不知道他身上是什么对女孩子有那么大的吸引力。Idontknowwhatitisinhimthatmakeshimattractivetothegirls.2)他整天就是吃了睡，睡了吃。Whathedidwas(to)eatandsleepalldaylong.,2020/5/30,.,18,1.（04上海）Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess._youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat2.（07重庆）Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright_isofimportance.A.whichB.itC.thatD.this,2020/5/30,.,19,一完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如：here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,intheroom,onthewall,fromthewindow.Fromthewindowcamesoundofmusic.Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.,倒装,2020/5/30,.,20,2.such位于句首SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcenturysgreatestscientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个淳朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.3.表语置于句首Blessedisthepersonwhoistoobusytoworryinthedaytimeandtoosleepytoworryatnight.,2020/5/30,.,21,二部分倒装只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词）位于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。1.only修饰副词、介词短语，且放在句首时OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Ps1:Onlyafterthewarlearnedhethesadnews.Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.Ps2:only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装Onlyhecananswerthequestion.,2020/5/30,.,22,2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom等置于句首时。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.3.as引导的让步状语从句须倒装LookasIwouldupanddown,Icouldseenomenatall.,2020/5/30,.,23,1.Onlythen_howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.A.sherealizedB.shehadrealizedC.hadsherealizedD.didsherealized2.Atthefootofthemountain_.A.avillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage,2020/5/30,.,24,4.六个重要的固定句型(1)so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”.也是如此。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.注意：-Iwasafriad.-soyouwere=Indeedyouwereafraid.(2).neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语.也不这样“Lilycantride;neither/norcanLucy(3)so+adj./adv.+that“如此.以至于SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.(4)neither.nor.既不.也不.NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.,2020/5/30,.,25,5.notonly.butalso.不仅.而且.Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.注意：butalso引导的句子正常语序6.notuntil.直到.才.Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.若notuntil引导的是句子，从句的主谓不可倒装，而只是主句倒装,2020/5/30,.,26,一.单数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词关系符合语法一致原则1.Manya+名词单数，虽为复数概念，但谓语用单数。Manyaboyandgirlhasmadesuchafunnyexperiment.2.Morethanone+可数名词单数，是复数概念，但谓语用单数。Thereismorethanoneanswertothisquestion.,主谓一致,2020/5/30,.,27,3.a+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓语用单数Awordortwoismisusedinthesentence.注：Oneortwo+复数名词，谓语用复数Oneortwowordsaremisusedinthesentence.4.对于集体名词，如：party、crowd、class、team、family、crew、government、committee、audience、public等，则需视情况而定：a.若集体名词被看成一个整体，用单数谓语b.若集体名词被看成是由具体若干成员组成的，用复数谓语Thepublicisthebestjudge.Thepublicarerequestedtowritedowntheirnamesinthisbook.,2020/5/30,.,28,注：police,militia(民兵),cattle,people总接复数动词mankind,humanity总接单数动词5.定冠词the+adj.或过去分词（1）若表抽象概念，谓语用单数Thegoodinhimoverweighsthebad.他身上的优点比缺点多。（2）表一类人，则为复数概念，用复数Theblindareunfortunate.（3）有时需根据上下文定Thedeceasedwashismother.Thedeceasedweretenfarmers.,2020/5/30,.,29,二.复数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系基本原则：（1）若复数形式的名词表示的是复数概念，则显然要接复数谓语（2）若复试形式的名词表示的是单数概念，或将其看成一个整体部分，则用单数谓语意义一致,2020/5/30,.,30,1.常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants,trousers,scissors,scales(天平）,glasses,binoculars（双筒望远镜），spectacles(护目镜)。谓语动词用复数2.形式上是复数（词尾加s），但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数works(工厂），gallows(绞刑架），politics,statistics,measles,diabetesStatisticsisascience.注：若politics和statistics不表示学科，而分别表示“政治观点”、“统计数据”时，则用复数,2020/5/30,.,31,3.表示时间、重量、数额的复数名词作主语，我们通常将他们看成一个整体用单数Tenyearsisamomentinhistory.Onehundreddollarsisalargesumforthepoor.注意：若“数词”单用，表示人或物，用复数Fewknowthefact.,2020/5/30,.,32,4.复数的专有名词后+复数谓语动词TheHimalayasaretheroofoftheworld.注意：theUnitedNations、theUnitedStates均看作一个整体，用单数谓语动词,2020/5/30,.,33,三.并列主语与谓语动词形式的关系1.由and连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，用单数动词；若表示的是多个不同的概念时，则用复数动词Thewriterandtranslatorisdeliveringaspeechinourcolleagetonight.Thewriterandthetranslatoraredelieveringaspeechinourcolleagetonight.,2020/5/30,.,34,2.两个表示不同物质的名词，虽由and连接，但习惯上此两样常常被同时使用，这时我们将二者看作是一整体，故谓语动词仍用单数。Breadandbutterismyfavoritebreakfast.Theforkandknifeishardformetouse.3.就近原则：（1）or连接的并列主语，动词形式与or最靠近的主语保持一致。HeorIamtogo.Hersistersorhisbrotherhasahobbyofcollectingstamps.,2020/5/30,.,35,（2）every.and(every).each.,and(each).,any.and(any).,no.and(no).,manya.and(manya).连接的并列主语，用单数谓语动词Everyhourandeveryminuteisimportant.（3）either.or,notonly.butalso.,neither.nor.,谓语动词单复数与后一致Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisrequiredtoattendthemeeting.,2020/5/30,.,36,4.就远原则（1）主语+with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,asmuchas,including,inadditionto,addedto,except,besides,ratherthan,accompaniedby+另一主语中，谓语动词形式与第一个主语保持人称和数一致I,aswellasthey,amreadytohelpyou.,2020/5/30,.,37,（2）若and连接两个并列主语，且and后面的名词有相关的副词（not,perhaps,paricularly,even,too,likewise,aswell)修饰，则谓语动词形式与and前面的名词一致。因为此