江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇2020届中考英语总复习专项练习 专题（八）系动词和情态动词学案（无答案）

专题（八） 系动词和情态动词【学习目标】1. 系动词和情态动词各有哪些2. 系动词和情态动词的用法3. 掌握系动词和情态动词的做题技巧【学生自学】1. 系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。2. 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。【预习展示】1. 系动词有哪些？ 2. 情态动词有哪些？ 【教师精讲】& 1. 我们初中通常能接触到的系动词主要分为be动词和感官动词，感官动词主要指sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容词系动词本身有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，后面与表语连用。复习系动词时，必须注意以下几个问题：（1） 系动词be是最重要的，主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等，后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。（2） 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。表示人体感官的系动词有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容词；表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，come，fall，prove等，后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词。表示判断的系动词有seem和appear，后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。（3） 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。& 2. 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。（1）情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)。情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。（2）情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。（3）情态动词的用法 can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及 客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。 need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。 have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须【演练展示】 直击中考（ ）1. From March 23rd 2020, anyone under the age of 14 _ go into Disneys US parks alone. （2020江苏连云港） A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. mightnt（ ）2. Li Lei, hurry up! The bus is coming. （2020四川宜宾） Oh, no. We _ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green. A. mustnt B. may not C. neednt D. have to （ ）3. Whose book is this? （2020山东烟台） It our geography teachers. You see, his name is on it.A. cant be B. can be C. mustnt be D. must be（ ）4. May I play computer games now, Mom? （2020山东临沂）No. You finish your homework first.A. must B. can C. could D. may（ ）5. Do you know the song Gangnam Style? （2020山东临沂）Of course. It interesting.A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels（ ）6. .-Pauline has lost her phone. （2020浙江杭州）No. Its in her bag. I _ hear it.A. must B. can C. may D. shall（ ）7. Hurry up，or you _catch the train（2020重庆）Acant Bneednt Cmustnt D. shouldnt（ ）8. . May I smoke here? （2020山东泰安） No, you _. This is a no-smoking room. A. neednt B. mustnt C. couldnt D. wouldnt （ ）9. A lot of foreigners _ familiar with the famous places if interest in China. （2020 上海）A. am B. is C .are D. be（ ）10. Honey, stay home before I return. （2020湖北武汉） I _, mum. A. must B. can C. will D. should （ ）11. Can I borrow your ruler，please? （2020江苏徐州）Yes，you . But you must return it to me before lunchtime. A. have B. can C. must D. used to（ ）12. The cake delicious. I cant wait to eat it. （2020江苏宿迁） A. feels B. soundsC. becomesD. Smells（ ）13. Two hundred years for such a T-shirt! You _ be joking! （2020湖北十堰） Im not joking. Its made of silk. A. cant B. can C. need D. must（ ）14. Clothes made of silk _softer than those made of cotton. （2020黑龙江龙东）A. are felt B. feel C. are feeling D. feels（ ）15. - Is Jack on duty today? （2020内蒙古包头） - -It be him, its his turn tomorrow.A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt【当堂检测】 （10分）（ ）1. -What do you think of the cake?-I like it very much. It tastes .A. good B. terrible C. well D. better（ ）2. The desk is not dirty. You_ clean it.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant（ ）3. -Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?-No, it_ be her. She _to JapanA. mustnt ; has gone B. mustnt ; has beenC. cant ;has gone D. cant ;has been（ ）4. Boys and girls . dont forget your report . It _ today . A. cant finish B. cant be finished C. should finish D. should be finished（ ）5. -Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning. -No ,he _,because he didnt know my address. A. couldnt B. cant C. mustntD. may not（ ） 6. -What should we do first I we want to develop our village? -A lot of roads _, I think.A. have to build B. must build C. must be built D. have built（ ）7. -Whats your mother going to do this Saturday?-Im not sure. She _ go to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may D. should（ ）8. Boys and girls . dont forget your report . It _ today . A. cant finish B. cant be finished C. should finish D. should be finished( ) 9. The food looks _, smells _ and