小学动词分类和时态

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级：小六 课 时 数：3学员姓名：王星宇 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：彭燕授课类型C（动词分类和时态）教学内容一、专题精讲 （一）动词的分类： 动词是指用来形容或表示各类动词的词汇。可以分为实义动词、系动词、助动词以及情态动词； （1）实义动词： 实义动词是表示具有实际意义，表示一种实际的行为或动作（也称为行为动词），如wait, live, look, read, buy, play等词。 例：我在等公交车。 I am waiting for the bus. 我经常读英语书。 I often read English books. 练一练： 他每天去公园。 Key: He goes to the park everyday. 我和喜欢游泳。 Key: I like swimming very much. 我昨天去了电影院。 Key: I went to the cinema yesterday. (2) 系动词： 系动词通常与名词或形容词一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质或特征。包括：be, become, 感官动词 sound, taste, look, smell （闻起来）等。 例：我是一名学生。 I am a student. 这道菜尝起来很美味。 The dish tastes good. 她看起来很漂亮。 She looks beautiful. 我成为了一名中学生。 I become a middle school student. 练一练： 他看起来很开心。 Key: He looks very happy. 我妈妈是一名医生。 Key: My mother is a doctor. 这朵花闻起来很香。 Key: The flower smells good. (3) 助动词（ am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did ） a）Be+ 现在分词构成进行时 例：他们正在踢足球。 They are playing football. 妈妈正在做晚饭。 Mom is cooking for dinner.do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。 注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。 例：你昨天去学校了吗？ Did you go to school yesterday? 那个女孩不喜欢早餐吃面包。 The girl doesnt like bread for breakfast.练一练：用适当的助动词填空。 1) you like this magazine? 2) The girl doing homework. 3) -What she at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends. 4) -What you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend. 5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I . Keys: Do, is, does, do, did, didnt (4) 情态动词： 情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can（能）、must（必须）、should（应该）、may（可能）、might（可能）;注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式：can not = cant (不可能是), must not = mustnt (禁止), 注意：may not（无缩写形式） A）can 表示能够干某事。 他能修电脑。 He can repair computers. can 表示允许干某事。 你现在可以回家了。 You can go home now. can 表示请求。 我能用你的钢笔吗？ Can I use your pen ? cant 表示否定推测。 那个不可能是汤姆，他现在在美国。 That cant be Tom. He is in America now. B）may 表示允许。 你可以用我的电脑。 You may use my computer. 我能在这抽烟吗？ May I smoke in this room? Might 除了是may 的过去式，还表示说话者委婉的语气。 我可以在这里抽烟吗？Might I smoke here? C）must, should表示由于主观原因而必须干某事，他们只有一种时态。 你必须回家。 You must go home. 你应该去学习。 You should go to school.练一练：你能看到黑板上的单词吗？ Keys: Can you see the words on the blackboard ?我能问你一个问题吗？ Keys: May I ask you a question ? 我必须要走了，不然我要迟到了。Keys: I must go now, or I will be late. （二）动词的时态： 我们现阶段所学的时态可以分为：一般现在时；现在进行时；一般过去时；一般将来时。 （1）一般现在时： 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。与often,usually,sometimes,always,every. 等连用。注意，当主语是第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词需要使用三单形式。例：他经常和朋友一起打篮球。 He often plays basketball with friends. 地球绕着太阳转。 The Earth goes around the Sun. 我们都很喜欢玩电脑游戏。 We all like playing computer games very much.肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They watch TV at six everyday.They dont watch TV at six everyday.-Do they watch TV at six everyday. -Yes, they do. / No, they dont.She watches TV at six everyday.She doesnt watch TV at six everyday.-Does she watch TV at six everyday.-Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. A. 句型变化： B. 动词第三人称单数变化规则： 1) 一般直接加“s”，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks;2) 以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”结尾时，加“es”，如：catch catches, watch watches;3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“es”，如：carry carries, study studies. 练一练1： 他经常和妈妈一起去游泳。 Keys: He often goes shopping with his mother. 他们总是忘记做作业。 Keys: They always forget to do homework. 我不喜欢和别人聊天。 Keys: I dont like talking with others. 练一练2 改写下列句子： She goes to school with her best friends.（改为否定句） They often play computer games after school.（改为一般疑问句） He doesnt watch TV very often. （改为肯定句） Keys: She doesnt go to school with her best friends. Do they often play computer games after school ? He watches TV very often. （2）现在进行时：现在进行时表示该动作正在进行，常与now、look! Listen! 等词连用。构成形式：主语+be动词+动词的ing形式+其他。注意：千万不要忘了一定得有be动词。例：看，那儿有好多人在跳舞。 Look ! There are so many people dancing there. 全部学生都在认真的做作业。 All the students are doing homework carefully. A. 句型变化：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They are watching TV.They arent watching TV.-Are they watching TV？ -Yes, they are. / No, they arent.She is watching TV.She isnt watching TV.-Is she watching TV？-Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. B. 现在分词（动名词）构成规则： 1) 一般直接加“ing”，如：go going, do doing, look looking ; 2) 以不发音的“e”结尾的单词，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take taking, make making, have having ； 3) 以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。 练一练1： 他没有时间，因为他现在正在钓鱼。 Keys: He has no time, because he is fishing now.听！她正在弹钢琴。 Keys: Listen! She is playing the piano. 练一练2 用括号中的词的适当形式填空： They _ (swim) in the pool now. Dont talk to me ! I _ (study) now. Look ! He _ (play) with the new student. Keys: are swimming; am studying; is playing （3）一般过去时： 一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作，常与just now，a moment ago，yesterday，last week，three days ago连用，构成形式：主语+动词的过去式+其他。注意：规则动词与不规则动词的过去式变形。 例：他昨天去美国了。 He went to America yesterday. 我上个星期生病了。 I was ill last week. A.句型变化:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答I was a teacher five years ago.I wasnt a teacher five years ago.-Were you a teacher five years ago?-Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.They played many games yesterday.They didnt play many games yesterday.Did they play many games yesterday?Yes, they did. / No, they didnt. B. 过去式构成规则：1) 一般直接加“ed”，如：plant planted, visit visited, pick picked;2) 以不发音字母“e”结尾，直接加“d”，如：like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted;3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“ed”，如：try tried, carry carried, study studied;4) 以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ed”，如：stop stopped; jog- jogged5) 还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：是-am;is -was; 是-are-were; 成为-become-became-becoming；开始-begin-began; 吹-blow-blew; 买-buy-bought; 能-can-could; 捕捉-catch-caught; 来-come-came; 切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did; 画-draw-drew; 饮-drink-drank; 吃-eat-ate; 感觉-feel-felt; 发现-find-found; 飞-fly-flew; 忘记-forget-forgot; 得到-get-got-; 给-give-gave; 走-go-went; 成长-grow-grew; 有-have, has-had; 听-hear-heard; 受伤-hurt-hurt; 保持-keep-kept; 知道-know-knew; 学习-learn-learned, learnt; 允许，让-let-let; ;制造-make-made; 可以-may-might; ; 会见 -meet-met; 必须-must-must-；放置-put-put-; 读-read-read; 骑、乘-ride-rode; 跑-run-ran; 说-say-said; 看见-see-saw; 唱歌-sing-sang; 坐下-sit-sat; 睡觉-sleep-slept; 说-speak-spoke; 度过-spend-spent 练一练1：写出下列动词的过去式 am _ do _ play _ fly _ kick _ make _ dance _ eat _ plant _ worry _ put _ 练一练2：翻译下列句子 我昨天晚上做完了作业。 上个月他和朋友去博物馆参观了。 昨天妈妈买了很多食物。 Keys: was; did; played; flew; kick; made; danced; ate; plant; worried; put I finished my homework last night. He visited the museum last month. Mom bought much food yesterday. (4) 一般将来时：一般将来时表示动作还未发生或即将发生。常与tomorrow、soon、next week，this weekend等表示将来的词连用。构成形式：主语+be going to/will+动词原形+其他。例句：我必须回家，因为马上要下雨了。 I must go home now, because it is going to rain. 三年后我会成为一名老师。 I will be a teacher after three years.A.句型变换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They are going to watching TV.They arent not going to watching TV.-Are they going to watch TV？ -Yes, they are. / No, they arent.She will watch TV.She will not watching TV.-Will she watch TV？-Yes, she will. / No, she will not (wont).I will go to Beijing.I will not go to Beijing.- Will you go to Beijing ?- Yes, I will./ No, I will not (wont). 练一练：填空 我打算下星期和朋友去野餐。 I _ _ _ have a picnic with my friends next week. 明天你打算去干嘛？ What _ you do tomorrow ? 他即将要去英国了吗？ _ he _ _ England ? Keys: am going to; will; Is; going to 2、 专题过关 (一)用所给词的适当形式填空 1) He often _ ( have ) dinner at home. 2) My brother ( go ) to Shanghai next week. 3) Daniel and Tom ( be ) in Class One. 4) Listen. Some girls ( sing ) in the classroom. 5) She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday. ( read ) 6）What ( do ) you do last Sunday? 7) they ( sweep ) the floor on Sunday? No, they . 8) your parents ( read ) newspapers every day? 9）Tom often ( go ) to school on foot. 10) The boy ( draw ) a picture now. (二）选择正确答案 ( ) 1. We are going to _ to the park tomorrow. A. go B. goes C. going ( ) 2. What film are you going to _ ? A. see B. watch C. look ( ) 3. We _ a play tomorrow. Will you please join us? A. are going to see B. saw C. sees ( ) 4. Every one _ to their teacher in the classroom. A. are listening B. is listening C. listen ( ) 5. They are singing and _ together at the party now. A. dance B. danced C. dancing ( ) 6. Fangfang is a good student. She _maths. A. does good at B. well do it C. is good at ( ) 7. The kite _ a bird. A. look like B. is looking C. looks like ( ) 8. Bill and I _ good friends. A. is B. are C. am ( ) 9. _Alice often play the piano. No, she _. A. Do; do B. Does; does C. Does; doesnt ( ) 10. _ your penfriend _ in Beijing? A. Do; live B. Do; lives C. Does; live ( ) 11. Tom and Mike _ very excited, they will take a trip. A. is B. are C. am ( ) 12. Kate _ playing chess. A. am B. is C. are ( ) 13. Are you washing clothes？ A. Yes, you are B. Yes, I am C. No, I am ( ) 14. Is he _ TV？Yes, he is. A. watch B. watching C. not ( ) 15. Listen! The birds _. A. is singing B. are sing C. are singing （三）判断句子的正误, 并改正。 1. Betty do morning exercises every day. 2. I plays on the beach. 3. The trees falls their leaves. 4. I like to wearing shirts and running. 5. Smiths is watering the flowers. 6. They usually have supper at seven oclock. 7. Theyre climbs a tree. 8. You mustnt play football here. 9. The rabbit wants some vegetables. 10. I sometimes watching TV on Sunday. 11. Hes writing a story. 12. Your mother is reads a magazine now. 13. Im ridding a bike. 14. The lions are walking. 15. Hes drawed picture. Keys: has; will/ is going to; are; are singing; reading; read; did; Did; sweep;didnt; Do; read; goes; is drawingABBABD CCBCC BBBBB1. Betty does morning exercises every day. 2. I play on the beach.3. The trees fall their leaves. 4. I like wearing shirts and running. 5. T 6. T 7. Theyre climbing a tree. 8. T 9. T 10. I sometimes watch TV on Sunday. 11. T 12. Your mother is reading a magazine now.13.T. 14. T. 15. Hes drawing picture. 三、学法提炼1、专题特点：本专题主要是让学生对动词的时态以及分类有一定的了解，在做题时能准确判断动词所需要的时态以及所使用动词的类别。2、解题方法：根据时间状语来判断动词的时态。依据动词的不同类型以及不同使用方法正确选出选项。3、注意事项：不规则动词的过去式需要特别记忆，有些容易搞混淆。动词的三单形式学生比较容易忘记，所以也需要强调。 一、能力培养（一）、阅读 The students were having their chemistry(化学）class. Miss Li was telling the students what water was like. After that, she asked her students, Whats water? No one spoke for a few minutes. Miss Li asked again, Why dont you answer my question? Didnt I tell you what water is like? Just then a student put up his hand and said,Miss Li,you told us that water has no color and no smell.However,where to find such kind of water?The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell.Most of the students agreed with him. Im sorry,children.said the teacher,Our water is getting dirtier and dirtier.Thats a problem. Choose the best answer: 1.What were the students doing? ( )A.They were having an English class. B.They were having a Chinese class. C.They were having a chemistry class. D.They were having a math class. 2.Miss Li was telling the students( ) A.what water was like B.what air was like C.what earth was like D.what weather was like 3.What colors was the water in the river behind the students house? A.It was white B.It was black C.It was clean D.It was clear 4.Most of the children ( )the student. A.agreed with B.wrote to C.heard from D.sent for 5.Why did the water in the river have color? ( )A.Because it was getting more ande more B.Because it was getting less and less C.Because it was getting cleaner and cleaner D.Because it was getting dirtier and dirtier(二) 这是Sar