初三英语语法复习——现在完成时-过去完成时

初三英语语法复习现在完成时，过去完成时现在完成时一、现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，也就是说，动作发生在过去，而对现在造成的影响和结果. I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) 二、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. for+时段 为时间Mary has been ill for three days. since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）I have lived here since 1998. since+时段+ago I have worked here since two years ago.since+从句（过去时）I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old.It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）It is two years since I worked here. 三、现在完成时与瞬间动作：瞬间动词如arrive, begin, borrow, buy, come, die, join, leave等可以用于现在完成时，但其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语(for或是since)连用。如：I have bought a car. ()I have bought a car for a year. () I have bought a car since a year ago. ()I have had a car for a year. () I have had a car since a year ago. ()四、构成：肯定句：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 否定句：have/has+not+过去分词 一般疑问句及应答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)常用的时间状语有：already“已经”肯定句的中间和末尾处never“从不”中间处ever“曾经”疑问句和肯定句的中间处just“刚刚”中间处yet “已经” 、“还”疑问句、否定句的末尾处或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.五、have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区别（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm / abroad（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。（三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。 例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习：一、用since和for填空 1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour 9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here 12, _ she was very young13. _ she was a child 14, _ more than twenty years二、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often _ skating in winter?中考链接：1. Would you like to see the film with me? Im sorry I _it twice. （07北京中考）A. seeB. will seeC. have seenD. am seeing2. Hello! Can I speak to Alice? Sorry. She isnt here right now. She_ to the shop. （08北京中考） A. goes B. will go C. has gone D. was going3. She _ as an animal trainer since 2003. （09北京中考）A. has worked B. works C. will work D. worked4. Rose came to Beijing in 2002. She _ here for eight years. （10北京中考）A. was living B. live C. will live D. has lived5. Is Dad at home?No. He _ to the hotel to meet his friend. （2010东城一模） A. goesB. is goingC. has goneD. was going6. I _many new friends since I came here. （2010海淀一模） A. make B. made C. have made D. will make7. My uncle _ the golf club for two years. （2010西城一模）A. has joinedB. has been inC. has gone toD. has been to8. Do you know _? For two days. （2010东城二模） A. how long was Nancy backB. how long Nancy was back C. how long has Nancy been backD. how long Nancy has been back9. Is your father at home? No. He _ to Shanghai on business. （2010西城二模）A. goesB. wentC. has beenD. has gone10. Would you like to visit the museum with me tomorrow?Sorry. I _ it already. （2010朝阳二模）A. visit B. visited C. will visit D. have visited 过去完成时一【含义】过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 如: He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否给Peter写信了。二【结构】 基本形式:had + 过去分词。如:We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。 否定形式:had + not + 过去分词。如:They hadnt finished the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。 一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadnt. 如: Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗? Yes, he had. (No, he hadnt.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。). 被动语态形式：had + been + 过去分词。如：When I got there, the windows had been broken. 当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。三【用法】 用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如: My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。 用在“after / before / when + 过去时态从句”或有“by+过去时间”的句子中。如:Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家前,妈妈已经把饭做好了。 和由for或since 引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:He had worked in that factory for five years before he moved here.他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年。 练 习 I. 从下面各题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。1. Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France?No, when I _ France, he _ to China.A. had arrived, had gone B. arrived to, went C. got to, had gone D. had got to, would go2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A. left, had arrivedB. left, arrived C. had left, had arrived D. had left, arrived3. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned4. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink. A. had enjoyedB. was enjoying C. has enjoyedD. had been enjoying5. Catherine _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writingII. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Mary _ already _(try) the dress on before she bought it.2. I was surprised to find that all my classmates _(go) to the lab when I _(get) to the classroom.3. When she _ (finish) her work in the office, Mrs. Smith left.4. Mr. Feng _ (teach) Unit 16 by the end of last week.5. Mr. Smith _(live) in Europe for fifteen years before he _(go) to Australia.现在完成时补充（1）瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go, leave, join ）不能直接与for / since 连用。要改变动词buy-have borrow -keep come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be away begin-be on finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be dead1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose, die, sell, leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone, lost)代lose c)用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代start, begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等 d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold hav