雾都孤儿oliver-twist.ppt

OliverTwist,oneofthemostfamousworksofCharlesDickens,isanovelreflectingthetragicfactofthelifeinBritainin19thcentury.,IntroductionLifetimeworksOliverTwistsGreatExpectations,GreatExpectationsOliverTwistAChristmasCarolHardTimesATaleofTwoCitiesDavidCoperfield,WorksbyCharlesDickens,雾都孤儿圣诞颂歌双城记艰难时世远大前程大卫科波菲尔,LifetimesWorks,Thefirstperiod(1836-1841)特点：youthfuloptimism博兹札记（SketchesbyBoz）匹克威克外传（ThePickwickPapers）雾都孤儿（OliverTwist）尼古拉斯尼克贝（NicholasNickleby）老古玩店（TheOldCuriocityShop）巴纳比拉奇（BarnabyRudge）,Thesecondperiod(1842-1851),特点：excitementandirritation美国纪行（AmericanNotes）圣诞颂歌（AChristmasCarol）马丁翟述伟（MartinChuzzlewit）教堂钟声（TheChimes)灶上蟋蟀（TheCricketontheHearth)董贝父子（DombeyandSon）大卫科波菲尔（DavidCopperfield）,thethirdperiod（1851-1870）,特点：intensifyingpessimism写给孩子看的英国历史（AChildsHistoryofEngland）荒凉山庄（BleakHouse）艰难时世（HardTimes）小杜丽（LittleDorrit）双城记（ATaleofTwoCities）远大前程（GreatExpectations）我们共同的朋友（OurMutualFriend）艾德温德鲁德之谜（TheMysteryofEdwinDrood）未完成,whyhewrotethisbook?,In1830,thewealthassumedthepoorwereuncontrollable.Sostatecaredtheirexistenceonlywhentheycommittedcrimes.,ThePoorLawsalsocausedsomeproblems:thechildrenuneducated,thelowerclasspopulationstarvingandsoon.,NovelsBackground,MainCharacters,OliverTwist:anorphanwhohasgrownupintheworkhouseMr.Bumble:anofficeroftheworkhousewhoiscallousandselfishMr.Brownlow:arealgentlemanwhoiskind-heartedFagin:aJewwhotrainssomechildrentostealthingsforhimSikes:aferociousthiefwhoisfamiliarwithFagin,OliverTwistwasanorphanlivedinworkhouse.LifetherewassohardthatOliverescapedtoLondon.However,hewascontrolledbyFagintostealthings.Olivewassoonsavedincidentally.ThenhelivedahappylifejustforashorttimeashewascaughttoFaginagain.Butatlast,Oliverlivedapermanenthappylife!,SummrizedAccount,OliverTwist,isCharlesDickensssecondnovelandalsoisthefirstnovelintheEnglishlanguagetocentrethroughoutonachildprotagonistandisalsonotableforDickenssunromanticportrayalofcriminalsandtheirsordidlives.,OliverTwistisaboutaboynamedOliverTwist,whoescapesfromanorphanage(孤儿院）andmeetsagangofpickpocketers(扒手）inLondon.ThenovelisoneofDickenssmostwell-knownworks,andhasbeenthesubjectofnumerousfilmandtelevisionadaptations.,Please,sir,Iwantsomemore.,PlotsummaryofOliverTwist,OliveriswonderingwhetherheshouldgotoLondon.,Oliverfinallydecidestorunaway.Hewandersaimlesslyforatime,untilawell-placedmilestonesetshiswanderingfeettowardsLondon.,WhenOliverispunchedandbeatedsomekindheartedpersonhelpandprotecthim.,InOliverTwist,Oliver,aninnocentchild,istrappedinaworldwherehisonlyalternativesseemtobetheworkhouse,Faginsthieves,aprison,oranearlygrave.Oliverremainspure-hearted;hesteersawayfromevilwhenthosearoundhimgiveintoit;and,inproperfairy-talefashion,heeventuallyreceiveshisrewardleavingforapeacefullifeinthecountry,surroundedbykindfriends.Onthewaytothishappyending,Dickensexploresthekindoflifeanorphan.,MajorthemesofOliverTwist,Please,sir,Iwantsomemore,Thebowlsneverwantedwashing.Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoons.,CharlesDickensPrefacetoOT,ButIhadnevermet(exceptinHOGARTH)withthemiserablereality.Itappearedtomethattodrawaknotofsuchassociatesincrimeasreallydidexist;topaintintheminalltheirdeformity,inalltheirwretchedness,inallthesqualidmiseryoftheirlives;toshowthemastheyreallywere,foreverskulkinguneasilythroughthedirtiestpathsoflife,withthegreatblackghastlygallowsclosinguptheirprospect,turnthemwheretheymight;itappearedtomethattodothis,wouldbetoattemptasomethingwhichwasneeded,atwhichwouldbeaservicetosociety.AndIdiditasIbestcould.,revealtheuglymasksofthosecruelcriminalsandtoexposethehorrorandviolencehiddenunderneaththenarrowanddirtystreetsinLondon.,MainCharacters,OliverTwist-Themaincharacterofthestory,Oliverisanaffection-starvedlittleboywhowillnotcommitcrimes.Hewasabusedasayoungchild,andonlywantstobeloved.Hisadventuresmakehimthebestoffriendsandtheworstofenemies.Fagin-Themainantagonistinthestory,“TheJew”takesOliverunderhiswingandtriestomakeapickpocketoutofhim.Heisapowerfulcrimeleaderwhohasanaffectionforonlymoneyandwillkillanyonewhostandsinhisway.Nancy-AwomanwhoworksforFaginandtriestohelpOliverwhicheventuallyleadstoherdeath.heispassionate,caring,andlovesSikes,whoeventuallykillsher.Mr.Brownlow-AmanwhoOliversthieffriendsrobonthestreet.HetakesOliverin,anddiscovershistrueparentage.,*OliverTwist(1837-1838)ThestoryOliverTwist,anorphanbornandraisedinaworkhouse,isapprenticedat9toanundertaker.Sufferingmaltreatment,OliverrunsawayandheadsforLondon.Onthewayheispickedupbyagroupofthievesandisdrilledintheartofpickingpockets.onceoutfortheft,OliverisrescuedbyMr.Brownlow,akindoldgentleman.ButsoonOliverisrecapturedbythegang.Fagin,theheadofthegang,triestoinvolveOliverinsomecrime.SoheconvincesBill,Sikes,aviciouscriminal,touseOliverinamajorburglary.Theattemptfails,andOliveriswoundedandrescuedbyMrs.Maylie.MeanwhileapersonnamedMonksisangrywithFaginforfailingtotrickOliverintoalawlesslife.Whentheyareplanningnewtricks,Nancy,oneofthegangmembers,goestotelleverythingtoOliversrescuers.AtthistimeMr.BownlowhasmanagedtoknowaboutMonksandOliver.NancyisfoundoutandiskilledbyBill.Inthefinalchase,Faginisarrestedandsentencedtobehanged.Billaccidentallyhangshimself.The,novelendshappilywithOlivergettinghisduepropertyandbeingadoptedbyMr.Brownlowandotherrewardsforthegoodandpunishmentfortheevil.2.Settinga.Asuggestivelyunwholesomebackground:(ThestoryofOliverTwistisadarktalegeneratedbyvice,degradationandterror)slimeandfilth/dismalatmosphereheightenedbytheelements:bitterlycoldweather,rainandfog;,b.Nightactivities:thecriminalsliveingloom,andtheonlyperiodofsustainedbrightnessisduringsummermonthswhenOliverstayswiththeMayliesattheirruralcottage.c.Themainconcernofthenovel:povertyandcrime-theharvestofsocialdereliction.Theoutcastsofsocietylurkamidcrumblingruinsthatareexpressiveoftotteringinstitutionsthathavehelpedtodeformtheirlives(theconstantwords“neglect”theonebetweenFaginandSikes.Through,hisconspiracywithMonks,Faginisinvolvedinbothconflictsandconvergesthetwolinesoftumultuousactions.c.TheclimaxofOliverstrials:TheabortiveChertseyburglaryaturningpointforOliverwhosefortunessteadilyimprovethereafter.(thecrisisismoreofFaginsdecisionthanofOliversownvolition).d.ThecrisisoftheconflictbetweenFaginandSikes:FaginsstepofhavingNancyspieduponleads,directlytotheclimaxofgirlsmurder.Withthebloodydeedtheentiregangofcriminalswasdestroyed.e.Liberaluseofaccidentsandcoincidencetodrawthenumerouspersonsintothecurrentofevents.f.Characteristicsofmelodrama:thefreeinjectionofthequalityofpathos(asinthecaseof“littleDick”);theportraitofOliversmotherandMonksscarsignsasrecognitiondevices;evilbrother,adestroyedwill,assumed,names,andthediscoveryofunknownrelatives.g.Theromanticsubplotmelodrama:Inthecontestbetweenthedarkandlightforcesofthebook,themaidenstandsoutindazzlingwhitepurity.Thewooersnoblerenunciationoffameandfortuneforthesakeoftrueloveisaloftytributetovirtuoussentiment.Althoughtheromanceishardlyintegraltotheplot,itdoesdefertoestablishedliterarytraditionandprovidesacenterofinterestforbringingthebooktoaconclusion.,5.Ideas(manyinterrelatedideasinthenovel)a.Preoccupationwiththemiseriesofpoverty(indicativeofthisisthemotifofhunger)andthespreadofitsdegradingeffectsthroughsociety(crimeasoneofitsvileconsequences).b.Crimetheby-productofpoverty:adehumanizingevil(criminalsinthebookarepainfullyalienatedfromthesociety).c.Stressontheelevatinginfluenceofawholesomeenvironment:thepowerofbenevolencetoovercomedepravity.,6.Symbolism(multi-layersymbolisminthenovel)a.Settingassymbols(apartfromitsplotfunction):theexternalevidenceofneglectanddecaytheircounterpartsinsocietyandintheheartsofmen;thedarkdeedsandpassionsdimrooms,smoke,fog,anddarknights;themoodofterrorandbrutalityfrequentrainandcoldweather.b.Charactersassymbols(apartfromitsplotfunction):ThechimneysweepGamfieldcruelty(purelysymbolicfigurewithnoplotfunction);,Brownlowthesymbolofbenevolence.c.Gesturesofpersonsassymbols:Bumblesfondnessforhisthree-corneredhatdevotiontoanemptyauthoritarianism.d.Allusiontoobesity:symbolforhungerinaninversefashion(bycallingattentiontoitsabsence)Manypeopleinthenovelaredescribedas“fat”.7.Stylea.luxuriantstyleverboserhetoricItmightbedispleasingtosomeofthemodern,tastes,butquitesuitedthetastesofhiscontemporaryreaders(markedwithslowpaceoflife,publicationbyinstallmentwhichmeanstheneedtomakescenesunforgettableinordertokeepreadersinterest);b.(sardonic)humour8.SelectedreadingsChapter2-3:Oliverslifeintheworkhouse,his“rebellion”andpunishment;Chapter19:DiscussionofFaginandSikesona,burglaryandOliversassumedroleinit;Chapter28:Sarcasticdepictionoftheservantsinthefamilyoftheattemptedburglary;Chapter48:TheescapeofSikes;Chapter52:ThelastnightofFagintheJew,Olivertwist(hero),Fagin(badman),Nancy(kindness),Mr.brownlow(nice