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OliverTwist,oneofthemostfamousworksofCharlesDickens,isanovelreflectingthetragicfactofthelifeinBritainin19thcentury.,IntroductionLifetimeworksOliverTwistsGreatExpectations,GreatExpectationsOliverTwistAChristmasCarolHardTimesATaleofTwoCitiesDavidCoperfield,WorksbyCharlesDickens,雾都孤儿圣诞颂歌双城记艰难时世远大前程大卫科波菲尔,LifetimesWorks,Thefirstperiod(1836-1841)特点:youthfuloptimism博兹札记(SketchesbyBoz)匹克威克外传(ThePickwickPapers)雾都孤儿(OliverTwist)尼古拉斯尼克贝(NicholasNickleby)老古玩店(TheOldCuriocityShop)巴纳比拉奇(BarnabyRudge),Thesecondperiod(1842-1851),特点:excitementandirritation美国纪行(AmericanNotes)圣诞颂歌(AChristmasCarol)马丁翟述伟(MartinChuzzlewit)教堂钟声(TheChimes)灶上蟋蟀(TheCricketontheHearth)董贝父子(DombeyandSon)大卫科波菲尔(DavidCopperfield),thethirdperiod(1851-1870),特点:intensifyingpessimism写给孩子看的英国历史(AChildsHistoryofEngland)荒凉山庄(BleakHouse)艰难时世(HardTimes)小杜丽(LittleDorrit)双城记(ATaleofTwoCities)远大前程(GreatExpectations)我们共同的朋友(OurMutualFriend)艾德温德鲁德之谜(TheMysteryofEdwinDrood)未完成,whyhewrotethisbook?,In1830,thewealthassumedthepoorwereuncontrollable.Sostatecaredtheirexistenceonlywhentheycommittedcrimes.,ThePoorLawsalsocausedsomeproblems:thechildrenuneducated,thelowerclasspopulationstarvingandsoon.,NovelsBackground,MainCharacters,OliverTwist:anorphanwhohasgrownupintheworkhouseMr.Bumble:anofficeroftheworkhousewhoiscallousandselfishMr.Brownlow:arealgentlemanwhoiskind-heartedFagin:aJewwhotrainssomechildrentostealthingsforhimSikes:aferociousthiefwhoisfamiliarwithFagin,OliverTwistwasanorphanlivedinworkhouse.LifetherewassohardthatOliverescapedtoLondon.However,hewascontrolledbyFagintostealthings.Olivewassoonsavedincidentally.ThenhelivedahappylifejustforashorttimeashewascaughttoFaginagain.Butatlast,Oliverlivedapermanenthappylife!,SummrizedAccount,OliverTwist,isCharlesDickensssecondnovelandalsoisthefirstnovelintheEnglishlanguagetocentrethroughoutonachildprotagonistandisalsonotableforDickenssunromanticportrayalofcriminalsandtheirsordidlives.,OliverTwistisaboutaboynamedOliverTwist,whoescapesfromanorphanage(孤儿院)andmeetsagangofpickpocketers(扒手)inLondon.ThenovelisoneofDickenssmostwell-knownworks,andhasbeenthesubjectofnumerousfilmandtelevisionadaptations.,Please,sir,Iwantsomemore.,PlotsummaryofOliverTwist,OliveriswonderingwhetherheshouldgotoLondon.,Oliverfinallydecidestorunaway.Hewandersaimlesslyforatime,untilawell-placedmilestonesetshiswanderingfeettowardsLondon.,WhenOliverispunchedandbeatedsomekindheartedpersonhelpandprotecthim.,InOliverTwist,Oliver,aninnocentchild,istrappedinaworldwherehisonlyalternativesseemtobetheworkhouse,Faginsthieves,aprison,oranearlygrave.Oliverremainspure-hearted;hesteersawayfromevilwhenthosearoundhimgiveintoit;and,inproperfairy-talefashion,heeventuallyreceiveshisrewardleavingforapeacefullifeinthecountry,surroundedbykindfriends.Onthewaytothishappyending,Dickensexploresthekindoflifeanorphan.,MajorthemesofOliverTwist,Please,sir,Iwantsomemore,Thebowlsneverwantedwashing.Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoons.,CharlesDickensPrefacetoOT,ButIhadnevermet(exceptinHOGARTH)withthemiserablereality.Itappearedtomethattodrawaknotofsuchassociatesincrimeasreallydidexist;topaintintheminalltheirdeformity,inalltheirwretchedness,inallthesqualidmiseryoftheirlives;toshowthemastheyreallywere,foreverskulkinguneasilythroughthedirtiestpathsoflife,withthegreatblackghastlygallowsclosinguptheirprospect,turnthemwheretheymight;itappearedtomethattodothis,wouldbetoattemptasomethingwhichwasneeded,atwhichwouldbeaservicetosociety.AndIdiditasIbestcould.,revealtheuglymasksofthosecruelcriminalsandtoexposethehorrorandviolencehiddenunderneaththenarrowanddirtystreetsinLondon.,MainCharacters,OliverTwist-Themaincharacterofthestory,Oliverisanaffection-starvedlittleboywhowillnotcommitcrimes.Hewasabusedasayoungchild,andonlywantstobeloved.Hisadventuresmakehimthebestoffriendsandtheworstofenemies.Fagin-Themainantagonistinthestory,“TheJew”takesOliverunderhiswingandtriestomakeapickpocketoutofhim.Heisapowerfulcrimeleaderwhohasanaffectionforonlymoneyandwillkillanyonewhostandsinhisway.Nancy-AwomanwhoworksforFaginandtriestohelpOliverwhicheventuallyleadstoherdeath.heispassionate,caring,andlovesSikes,whoeventuallykillsher.Mr.Brownlow-AmanwhoOliversthieffriendsrobonthestreet.HetakesOliverin,anddiscovershistrueparentage.,*OliverTwist(1837-1838)ThestoryOliverTwist,anorphanbornandraisedinaworkhouse,isapprenticedat9toanundertaker.Sufferingmaltreatment,OliverrunsawayandheadsforLondon.Onthewayheispickedupbyagroupofthievesandisdrilledintheartofpickingpockets.onceoutfortheft,OliverisrescuedbyMr.Brownlow,akindoldgentleman.ButsoonOliverisrecapturedbythegang.Fagin,theheadofthegang,triestoinvolveOliverinsomecrime.SoheconvincesBill,Sikes,aviciouscriminal,touseOliverinamajorburglary.Theattemptfails,andOliveriswoundedandrescuedbyMrs.Maylie.MeanwhileapersonnamedMonksisangrywithFaginforfailingtotrickOliverintoalawlesslife.Whentheyareplanningnewtricks,Nancy,oneofthegangmembers,goestotelleverythingtoOliversrescuers.AtthistimeMr.BownlowhasmanagedtoknowaboutMonksandOliver.NancyisfoundoutandiskilledbyBill.Inthefinalchase,Faginisarrestedandsentencedtobehanged.Billaccidentallyhangshimself.The,novelendshappilywithOlivergettinghisduepropertyandbeingadoptedbyMr.Brownlowandotherrewardsforthegoodandpunishmentfortheevil.2.Settinga.Asuggestivelyunwholesomebackground:(ThestoryofOliverTwistisadarktalegeneratedbyvice,degradationandterror)slimeandfilth/dismalatmosphereheightenedbytheelements:bitterlycoldweather,rainandfog;,b.Nightactivities:thecriminalsliveingloom,andtheonlyperiodofsustainedbrightnessisduringsummermonthswhenOliverstayswiththeMayliesattheirruralcottage.c.Themainconcernofthenovel:povertyandcrime-theharvestofsocialdereliction.Theoutcastsofsocietylurkamidcrumblingruinsthatareexpressiveoftotteringinstitutionsthathavehelpedtodeformtheirlives(theconstantwords“neglect”theonebetweenFaginandSikes.Through,hisconspiracywithMonks,Faginisinvolvedinbothconflictsandconvergesthetwolinesoftumultuousactions.c.TheclimaxofOliverstrials:TheabortiveChertseyburglaryaturningpointforOliverwhosefortunessteadilyimprovethereafter.(thecrisisismoreofFaginsdecisionthanofOliversownvolition).d.ThecrisisoftheconflictbetweenFaginandSikes:FaginsstepofhavingNancyspieduponleads,directlytotheclimaxofgirlsmurder.Withthebloodydeedtheentiregangofcriminalswasdestroyed.e.Liberaluseofaccidentsandcoincidencetodrawthenumerouspersonsintothecurrentofevents.f.Characteristicsofmelodrama:thefreeinjectionofthequalityofpathos(asinthecaseof“littleDick”);theportraitofOliversmotherandMonksscarsignsasrecognitiondevices;evilbrother,adestroyedwill,assumed,names,andthediscoveryofunknownrelatives.g.Theromanticsubplotmelodrama:Inthecontestbetweenthedarkandlightforcesofthebook,themaidenstandsoutindazzlingwhitepurity.Thewooersnoblerenunciationoffameandfortuneforthesakeoftrueloveisaloftytributetovirtuoussentiment.Althoughtheromanceishardlyintegraltotheplot,itdoesdefertoestablishedliterarytraditionandprovidesacenterofinterestforbringingthebooktoaconclusion.,5.Ideas(manyinterrelatedideasinthenovel)a.Preoccupationwiththemiseriesofpoverty(indicativeofthisisthemotifofhunger)andthespreadofitsdegradingeffectsthroughsociety(crimeasoneofitsvileconsequences).b.Crimetheby-productofpoverty:adehumanizingevil(criminalsinthebookarepainfullyalienatedfromthesociety).c.Stressontheelevatinginfluenceofawholesomeenvironment:thepowerofbenevolencetoovercomedepravity.,6.Symbolism(multi-layersymbolisminthenovel)a.Settingassymbols(apartfromitsplotfunction):theexternalevidenceofneglectanddecaytheircounterpartsinsocietyandintheheartsofmen;thedarkdeedsandpassionsdimrooms,smoke,fog,anddarknights;themoodofterrorandbrutalityfrequentrainandcoldweather.b.Charactersassymbols(apartfromitsplotfunction):ThechimneysweepGamfieldcruelty(purelysymbolicfigurewithnoplotfunction);,Brownlowthesymbolofbenevolence.c.Gesturesofpersonsassymbols:Bumblesfondnessforhisthree-corneredhatdevotiontoanemptyauthoritarianism.d.Allusiontoobesity:symbolforhungerinaninversefashion(bycallingattentiontoitsabsence)Manypeopleinthenovelaredescribedas“fat”.7.Stylea.luxuriantstyleverboserhetoricItmightbedispleasingtosomeofthemodern,tastes,butquitesuitedthetastesofhiscontemporaryreaders(markedwithslowpaceoflife,publicationbyinstallmentwhichmeanstheneedtomakescenesunforgettableinordertokeepreadersinterest);b.(sardonic)humour8.SelectedreadingsChapter2-3:Oliverslifeintheworkhouse,his“rebellion”andpunishment;Chapter19:DiscussionofFaginandSikesona,burglaryandOliversassumedroleinit;Chapter28:Sarcasticdepictionoftheservantsinthefamilyoftheattemptedburglary;Chapter48:TheescapeofSikes;Chapter52:ThelastnightofFagintheJew,Olivertwist(hero),Fagin(badman),Nancy(kindness),Mr.brownlow(nice
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