大英综合教程第二版Unit 5PPT

Unit5WritingThreeThank-YouLetters,AlexHaley,AlexHaley(19211992),Americanbiographer,scriptwriter,andauthorbecamefamouswiththepublicationofthenovelRoots:TheSagaofanAmericanFamily,whichtraceshisancestrybacktoAfricaandcovers7AmericangenerationsastheyaretakenslavestotheU.S.,ThanksgivingHistory,SecondmostimportantholidayintheU.S.,celebratedinonthefourthThursdayinNovember.associatedwiththetimewhenEuropeansfirstcametoNorthAmerica.In1620theshiptheMayflowerarrived,bringingabout102peoplewhotodayareusuallycalledPilgrims.,Thanksgivingcelebrations,ThanksgivingdinnerTurkey,stuffing,mashedpotatoeswithgravy,sweetpotatoes,cranberrysauce,sweetcorn,variousfallvegetables(mainlyvariouskindsofsquashes),andpumpkinpie,Thanksgiving,GivingthanksSayinggrace(谢恩祈祷)beforecarvingaturkeyatThanksgivingdinner,Pennsylvania,U.S.,1942,Thanksgivingcelebrations,Vacationandtravel:ThanksgivingBreakThursday-SundayParadesMacysThanksgivingDayParadeinNYC“NationalThanksgivingTurkeyPresentation”and“PresidentialPardoning”Footballandothersports,Now,letsgettobusinessandlearnaboutthetext.,MainIdea,Bywritingthree“thankyou”letters,theauthorrealizesthathumanbeingslongforotherpeoplesappreciationfortheirefforts.Therefore,heencouragespeopleto“findthegood-andpraiseit”.,WRITINGTHREETHANK-YOULETTERS,Itwas1943,duringWorldWarII,andIwasayoungU.S.coastguardsman.Myship,theUSSMurzim,hadbeenunderwayforseveraldays.Mostofherholdscontainedthousandsofcartonsofcannedordriedfoods.Theotherholdswereloadedwithfive-hundred-poundbombspackeddelicatelyinpaddedracks.OurdestinationwasabigbaseontheislandofTulagiintheSouthPacific.IwasoneoftheMurzimsseveralcooksand,quitethesameasforfolkashore,thisThanksgivingmorninghadseenusbusilypreparingatraditionaldinnerfeaturingroastturkey.,AlexHaley,IdecidedfirsttogooutontheMurzimsafterdeckforabreathofopenair.Imademywayoutthere,breathingingreat,deepdraughtswhilewalkingslowlyabout,stillwearingmywhitecookshat.,Well,asanycookknows,itsalotofhardworktocookandserveabigmeal,andcleanupandputeverythingaway.Butfinally,aroundsundown,wefinishedatlast.,DR_Text2,DR_Text3,IgottothinkingaboutThanksgiving,ofthePilgrims,Indians,wildturkeys,pumpkins,cornonthecob,andtherest.YetmymindseemedtobeinquestofsomethingelsesomewaythatIcouldpersonallyapplytothecloseofThanksgiving.,Itmusthavetakenmeahalfhourtosensethatmaybesomekeytoananswercouldresultfromreversingtheword“Thanksgiving”atleastthatsuggestedaverbaldirection,“Givingthanks.”,Givingthanksasinpraying,thankingGod,Ithought.Yes,ofcourse.Certainly.Yetmymindcontinuedturningtheideaover.Afterawhile,likeadawnsbrightening,afurtheranswerdidcomethattherewerepeopletothank,peoplewhohaddonesomuchformethatIcouldneverpossiblyrepaythem.TheembarrassingtruthwasIdalwaysjustacceptedwhattheyddone,takenallofitforgranted.NotonetimehadIeverbotheredtoexpresstoanyofthemsomuchasasimple,sincere“Thankyou”.,DR_Text4,Atleastsevenpeoplehadbeenparticularlyandlastinglyhelpfultome.Irealized,swallowinghard,thatabouthalfofthemhadsincediedsotheywereforeverbeyondanypossibleexpressionofgratitudefromme.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,themoreashamedIbecame.ThenIpicturedthethreewhowerestillaliveand,withinminutes,Iwasdowninmycabin.,DR_Text5,Sittingatatablewithwritingpaperandmemoriesofthingseachhaddone,Itriedcomposinggenuinestatementsofheartfeltappreciationandgratitudetomydad,SimonA.Haley,aprofessorattheoldAgriculturalMechanicalNormalCollegeinPineBluff,Arkansas;tomygrandma,CynthiaPalmer,backinourlittlehometownofHenning,Tennessee;andtotheRev.LonualNelson,mygrammarschoolprincipal,retiredandlivinginRipley,sixmilesnorthofHenning.,DR_Text6,Thetextsofmylettersbegansomethinglike,“Here,thisThanksgivingatsea,Ifindmythoughtsuponhowmuchyouhavedoneforme,butIhaveneverstoppedandsaidtoyouhowmuchIfeeltheneedtothankyou”AndbrieflyIrecalledforeachofthemspecificactsperformedonmybehalf.,DR_Text7,Forinstance,somethinguppermostaboutmyfatherwashowhehadimpresseduponmefromboyhoodtolovebooksandreading.Infact,thisgraduatedintoafamilyhabitofafter-dinnerquizzesatthetableaboutbooksreadmost,DR_Text8,recentlyandnewwordslearned.Myloveofbooksneverdiminishedandlaterledmetowardwritingbooksmyself.SomanytimesIhavefeltasadnesswhenexposedtomodernchildrensoimmersedintheelectronicmediathattheyhavelittleornoawarenessofthemarvelousworldtobediscoveredinbooks.,IremindedtheReverendNelsonhoweachmorninghewouldopenourlittlecountrytownsgrammarschoolwithaprayeroverhisassembledstudents.ItoldhimthatwhateverpositivethingsIhaddonesincehadbeeninfluencedatleastinpartbyhismorningschoolprayers.,DR_Text9,DR_Text10,Inthelettertomygrandmother,Iremindedherofadozenwayssheusedtoteachmehowtotellthetruth,toshare,andtobeforgivingandconsiderateofothers.Ithankedherfortheyearsofeatinghergoodcooking,theequalofwhichIhadnotfoundsince.Finally,Ithankedhersimplyforhavingsprinkledmylifewithstardust.,BeforeIslept,mythreeletterswentintoourshipsofficemailsack.TheygotmailedwhenwereachedTulagiIsland.Weunloadedcargo,reloadedwithsomethingelse,thenagainweputtoseaintheroutinefamiliartous,andasthedaysbecameweeks,mylittlepersonalexperiencereceded.Sometimes,whenwewereatsea,amailshipwouldrendezvousandbringusmailfromhome,which,ofcourse,weaccordedtopmostpriority.,DR_Text11,Everytimetheshipsloudspeakerrasped,“Attention!Mailcall!”twohundred-oddshipmatescamepoundingupondeckandclusteredaboutthetwoseamen,standingbythosepreciousbulginggraysacks.Theywerealternatelypullingoutfistfulsoflettersandbarkingsuccessivenamesofsailorswhowere,inturn,shoutingback“Here!Here!”amidthepushing.,DR_Text12,One“mailcall”broughtmeresponsesfromGrandma,Dad,andtheReverendNelsonandmyreadingof,DR_Text13,theirlettersleftmenotonlyastonishedbutmorehumbledthanbefore.,RatherthansayingtheywouldforgivethatIhadntpreviouslythankedthem,instead,forPetessake,theywerethankingmeforhavingremembered,forhavingconsideredtheyhaddoneanythingsoexceptional.Alwaysthecollegeprofessor,mydadhadcarefullyavoidedanythingheconsideredtoosentimental,soIknewhowmovedhewastowritemethat,afterhavinghelpededucatemanyyoungpeople,henowfeltthathisbestresultsincludedhisownson.,DR_Text15,TheReverendNelsonwrotethathisdecadesasa“simple,old-fashionedprincipal”hadendedwithschoolsundergoingsuchswiftchangesthathehadretiredinself-doubt.“IheardmoreofwhatIhaddonewrongthanwhatIdidright,”hesaid,addingthatmyletterhadbroughthimwelcomereassurancethathiscareerhadbeenappreciated.,DR_Text16,AglanceatGrandmasfamiliarhandwritingbroughtbackinaflashmemoriesofstandingalongsideherwhiterockingchair,watchingher“settingdown”somelettertorelatives.Characterbycharacter,Grandmawouldslowlyaccomplishoneword,thenthenext,sothatafinishedpagewouldconsumehours.IweptoverthepagerepresentingmyGrandmasrecenthoursinvestedinexpressingherlovinggratefulnesstomewhomsheusedtodiaper!,DR_Text17,Muchlater,retiredfromtheCoastGuardandtryingtomakealivingasawriter,Ineverforgothowthosethree“thankyou”lettersgavemeaninsightintohowmosthumanbeingsgoaboutlonginginsecretformoreoftheirfellowstoexpressappreciationfortheirefforts.,Now,approachinganotherThanksgiving,IhaveaskedmyselfwhatwillIwishforallwhoarereadingthis,forournation,indeedforourwholeworldsince,quotingagoodandwisefriendofmine,“Intheendwearemightilyandmerelypeople,eachwithsimilarneeds.”First,Iwishforus,ofcourse,thesimplecommonsensetoachieveworldpeace,thatbeingparamountfortheverysurvivalofourkind.AndthereissomethingelseIwishsostronglythatIhavehadthislineprintedacrossthebottomofallmystationery:“Findthegoodandpraiseit.”,DR_Text18,DR_S_Mostofher,Whywasitnecessaryforthewritertooffersomanydetailsofhisvoyage?,ThedetailsindicatethatthisThanksgivingwasunusual,explainingwhythewriterfelttheneedtocelebrateitinanunusualway.,Mostofherholdscontainedthousandsofcartonsofcannedordriedfoods.Theotherholdswereloadedwithfive-hundred-poundbombspackeddelicatelyinpaddedracks.OurdestinationwasabigbaseontheislandofTulagiintheSouthPacific.,DR_S_thisThanksgiving,.thisThanksgivingmorninghadseenusbusilypreparingatraditionaldinnerfeaturingroastturkey.,Paraphrasethispart.,onthisThanksgivingmorningwewerebusypreparingatraditionaldinnerwhichincludedmainlyroastturkey.“Feature”heremeans“toincludeasaspecialpart”.,DR_S_Imademyway,Analyzethestructureofthesentence.,在这个长句中有三个-ing分词：breathing、walking和wearing。breathing为mademywayout的伴随状语，walking与while连用表示与breathing这一动作同时发生，wearing为walking的伴随状语。,Imademywayoutthere,breathingingreat,deepdraughtswhilewalkingslowlyabout,stillwearingmywhitecookshat.,TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。,大概过了半个小时我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving这个词前后颠倒一下，那样一来至少文字好懂了：Givingthanks。,DR_S_Itmusthavetaken,Itmusthavetakenmeahalfhourtosensethatmaybesomekeytoananswercouldresultfromreversingtheword“Thanksgiving”atleastthatsuggestedaverbaldirection,“Givingthanks.”,TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,DR_S_Notonetime,Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?,Theauthortookallforgrantedandneverexpressedanyappreciation.Thesentenceisininvertedorder.,NotonetimehadIeverbotheredtoexpresstoanyofthemsomuchasasimple,sincere“Thankyou”.,DR_S_Itoldhimthat,ItoldhimthatwhateverpositivethingsIhaddonesincehadbeeninfluencedatleastinpartbyhismorningschoolprayers.,Analyzethestructureofthesentence.,whateverpositivemorningschoolprayer是宾语从句。Ihaddonesince是定语从句，修饰whateverpositivethings;since为副词，修饰haddone;inpart在这里意为partly。,DR_S_andmyreading,andmyreadingoftheirlettersleftmenotonlyastonishedbutmorehumbledthanbefore.,我读了信，既觉得震惊，又深感卑微。,Analyzethestructureofthispart.,leave常用于结构：leavesb.+adj./pastparticiple，adj./pastparticiple（此处为notonlyastonishedbutmorehumbledthanbefore）为宾语补足语。,TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,DR_S_Ratherthansaying,RatherthansayingtheywouldforgivethatIhadntpreviouslythankedthem,instead,forPetessake,theywerethankingmeforhavingremembered,forhavingconsideredtheyhaddoneanythingsoexceptional.,Paraphrasethesentence.,Theydidntsaytheywouldforgivemefornotthankingthem,butinstead,forGodssake,theythankedmeforhavingrememberedwhattheyhaddoneandforhavingthoughttheyhaddonesomethingspecialtome.,DR_S_AglanceatGrandma,AglanceatGrandmasfamiliarhandwritingbroughtbackinaflashmemoriesofstandingalongsideherwhiterockingchair,watchingher“settingdown”somelettertorelatives.,Whatdoesthesentencemean?,Hisgrandmashandwritingremindedthewriterofmanysweetmemoriesofhischildhoodwithher.“Settingdown”heremeans“writing”.,DR_S_Iweptoverthepage,IweptoverthepagerepresentingmyGrandmasrecenthoursinvestedinexpressingherlovinggratefulnesstome.,Paraphrasethesentence.,Iwasmovedtotearsthatmygrandmahadspenthoursrecentlyinexpressingherlovinggratefulnesstome.,DR_word_underway,Itsbeenunderwayforfiftyyearsanditstillhasalongwaytogo.,Abattletoconquernatureisunderway.,underway:inpositionoroperation,havingstartedandmakingprogress,Collocation:,alltheway,自始自终,anyway,无论如何,bytheway,顺便说,bywayof,经由；通过的方法,DR_word_putaway,putaway:remove(sth.)toaplacewhereitisusuallystored,Hehasahabitofputtingawayhistoolsafterwork.,Putthebooksawayneatlyontheshelf.,DR_word_gettosth./doingsth.,RecentlyIvegottowonderingwhyIamdoingthepart-timejob.,gettosth./doingsth.:begintogiveseriousattentiontoordealwith,IllgettotheaccountsassoonasIcan.,DR_word_reverse,Therise,thefirstin10months,reversedthedownwardtrendinthecountrysjoblessrate.,reverse:vt.turnaroundtotheoppositedirection;exchangethepositionof,WhydontyoureversetheordersothatIperformfirstandheperformssecond?,Collocation:,inreverse,向相反方向；倒（退）；逆（行、转等）,justthereverse,正好相反，恰恰相反,suffer/sustainareverse,遭受挫折（或失败）；吃败仗,thereverseof,的反面；绝不是，远非,DR_word_turnover,Shesattherequietly,turningovertheproblem.,turnover:thinkabout;consider,他在心里反复考虑这件事情。,Heturnedthematteroverinhismind.,Collocation:,turnaside,避开，撇开,turn(away)from,对感到厌恶,turndown,关小；拒绝,turnup,开大；出现,DR_word_repay,Sherepaidmethemoney.,HowcanIeverrepayyouforyourkindness?,repay:vt.payback;reward,DR_word_gratitude,gratitude:n.beingthankful;thankfulness(followedbytosb./forsth.),Heshowedmehisgratitudebyinvitingmetodinner.,Sheexpressedhergratitudeforourhelp.,Collocation:,feelgratitude,心怀感激,showgratitude,表露感激之情,deep/profoundgratitude,深切的谢意,everlastinggratitude,永远的感谢,sinceregratitude,诚挚的谢意,DR_word_specific1,specific:adj.relatingtoonethingandnotothers;particular,Heusesaspecifictoolforeachjob.,试卷回答要明确具体。,Bespecificinyourexaminationanswers.,specific,special,especialintheinterestsofsb.;astherepresentativeofsb.,Myhusbandcantbeheretoday,soImgoingtospeakonhisbehalf.,律师代表当事人说话。,Thelawyerspokeonbehalfofhisclient.,DR_word_impress,Iamimpressedby/withhisperformance.,Thegasturbinefeedsonthefuelitpumps.,impress:vt.,1.fixinsb.smind;maketheimportanceof(sth.)verycleartosb.,Pattern:,impressupon/onsb.+that-clauseimpressupon/onsb.sth.,Myfatherimpressedonmethevalueofhardwork.,2.cause(sb.)tofeeladmirationorrespect,DR_word_diminish1,Hisillnessdiminishedhisstrength.,diminish:v.makeorbecomesmallerorless,我们的友谊决不会因时间的流逝而减弱。,Timewillnevercauseourfriendshiptodiminish.,decrease,diminishabsorbdeeply,Helayimmersedinahotbath.,immerse,dunkexcellent,Itsmarvelousthatwecouldseeeachotheragain.,Itisamarvelouscreationbytheworkers.,DR_word_sprinkle,sprinkle:vt.scatter(dropsorparticlesofsth.)on(sth.);scatterinsmalldrops,Thegardenerissprinklingwateronthegrass.,Sprinklethetopwithcheese.,Helikestoeatfishsprinkledwithpepper.,Pattern:,sprinklesth.on/oversth.,Pattern:,sprinklesth.withsth.,DR_word_accord,accord:vt.,1)grant,我们给予他一个英雄凯旋式的欢迎。,Weaccordedaheroswelcometohim.,2)beinagreement(followedbywith),Whatyouhavejustsaiddoesnotaccordwithwhatyoutoldusearlier.,Collocation:,bringintoaccord,使符合，使一致,come/reachanaccord,达成一致,inaccordwith,与一致；与相符合；与调和,outofaccordwith,与不一致，与不相符合，与不调和,DR_word_successive,successive:adj.followingoneaftertheother,Thisishisfifthsuccessivevictory.,Hemadetwovisitsonsuccessivedays.,DR_word_undergo,undergo:vt.gothrough;experience,Sheisundergoingasurgicaloperationatthehospital.,解放前这位老工人遭受了许多苦难。,Theoldworkerunderwentmuchsufferingbeforeliberation.,DR_word_appreciate,appreciate:vt.recognizethequalityorsignificanceof;value,Wegreatlyappreciateyourtimelyhelp.,我认为小孩对现代画往往比任何人都更有鉴赏力。,Ithinkthatyoungchildrenoftenappreciatemodernpicturesbetterthananyoneelse.,ProfessorLislecturemayhelpstudentstoappreciatetheworksofart.,DR_word_swift1,swift:adj.rapid;prompt,Hewasswifttotakeoffense.,Theriveristooswifttoswimin.,swift,prompt,rapidbehaveinsociety;keepbusydoing(sth.);setabout,我们该怎样着手干这件工作？,Howshallwegoaboutthejob?,Somepeoplegoabouttellinguntruestories.,DR_word_insecret,insecret:secretly,Themeetingwasheldinsecret.,Theyfoundshehadbeenmeetingherboyfriendinsecret.,Collocation:,adeadsecret,还未泄露的秘密,keepa/thesecret,保守秘密,keepsth.asecretfromsb.,不把某事告诉某人,DR_word_quote1,quote:vt.repeatorcopythewordsof(another),HequotestheBibletosupporthisbeliefs.,Toclose,IwouldliketoquoteBenjaminFranklin,“Oneshouldeattolive,notlivetoeat.”,quote,cite&repeat这几个词均有“援引、转述”的意思。,quote,指（尽量）忠实地引用原文或他人说过的话。例如：,CF:,DR_word_quote2,TosupporthisargumenthecitedArticle68,Chapter10,oftheCharteroftheUnitedNations.,路透社引用中国一位外交官的话说：“只有人民才能决定本国的命运，而不是超级大国。”,ReutersquotesaChinesediplomatassaying,“Onlythepeoplecandecidethefateoftheircountry,notsuperpowers.”,cite,指列举事例、事实，以此证明自己的观点，不强调引用的是否是原文或原话，往往只是提及某一出处或作者的名字。例如：,为了证明自己的观点，他引据了联