八年级英语上册 精品备课资料 （新版）人教新目标版

精品备课资料Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一、词汇学习要求：会读、会默写、记住词义二、语法解析一）一般过去时（一）be动词的一般过去时(was , were )1、 Be作为系动词时，后面跟名词、形容词、介词短语、表示地点的副词、动词不定式或动名词作表语，构成“主系表”结构。be动词的一般过去时(was , were )可以用来介绍过去某人的姓名、年龄、职业、外貌特征、性格、所处位置等。如：Last year he was a student . He was 17 and he was tall . He was outgoing . He was in Beijing then . 去年他是学生，17岁，个子很高，性格开朗，人在北京。其中，was是am / is的过去时形式，用于第一人称单数、第三人称单数、名词单数和不可数名词；were是are的过去时形式,用于第一人称复数、第二人称单复数、第三人称复数和名词复数。2. 句子构成：肯定句：主语+ was /were +表语否定句：主语+ was /were not +表语一般疑问句：as /ere+主语+表语？二）实义动词的一般过去时1、用法范围：1）谈论过去发生的动作；2）表示过去一段时间内经常反复发生的动作；3）表示在过去某一特定时间发生的几个有顺序的动作；4）谈论逝去的人的事；5）用于since从句中.2、特征：句中常出现明显的表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday, yesterday morning , last year, last spring , last week , last month, last Sunday, ten days ago, in 2020, 等等；或者根据上下文能推断出是过去发生的事。3. 句子构成：肯定句：主语+实义动词的过去式+否定句：主语+didnt+实义动词的原形一般疑问句：Did+主语+实义动词的原形.?4. 动词过去式的构成：动词过去式分为两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。规则动词变过去式，一般动词词尾加ed,具体规则如下：1）一般情况下直接在词尾加ed，如：worked, stayed, walked, cleaned, seemed2) 当动词以不发音的e结尾时，只加d，如：liked, lived , moved, 3）当动词以 “辅音字母+y”结尾时，变y为i，再加ed，如：study studied, worry worried, hurry hurried, cry cried , 4)当动词以“重读闭音节”结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母时，要先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加ed，如：stop stopped, shop shopped , 不规则动词的过去式，稍有一点规律，但需要一一记住。如下：1）原形与过去式一样11个动词：用动词首字母记为：bcchhlpr3s,即：beat beat , cut cut; cost cost; hit hit ; hurt hurt ; let let ;put put ; read read ; shut shut ; set set ; spread spread2)原动词中的i/o/u变成a的10个：begin began ; drink drank ; give gave; ring rang ； sing sang ; sit sat ; swim swam;become became ; come came; run ran; 3）用原动词中的首字母或前两三个字母加ought /aught的 4+2个：buy bought ; bring brought; fight fought ; think thought; catch caught ; teach taught ;4)尾字母d/l/0变t的4+2+1个：build built; lend lent; send sent ; spend spent; lose lost ; smell smelt/smelled; spell spelt / spelled; 5)把原动词中的i/a 变成o的动词7个：drive drove; ride rode ; rise rose ; shine shone ; write wrote; win won ; wake woke 6）原动词中的“ea+辅音字母”变成“o +辅音字母+e ”的5个：bear bore; wear wore； break broke ; speak spoke ; steal stole 7）结尾加t /ed的动词4个：burn burnt / burned; dream dreamt/ dreamed ; learn learnt / learned; mean meant ;8) ow变ew的动词 6个：blow blew ; draw drew ; fly flew grow grew ; know knew ; throw threw 9)双ee去一个，结尾加字母 t的 3个：feel felt ; keep kept ; sleep slept; 10) 双ee去一个，结尾不加字母的 3个feed fed ; meet met ; speed sped/ speeded;11)原动词中的i/a变成 u的3个：dig dug ; hang hung ; stick stuck ; 12) 原动词中的e变成 o的2个：get got ; forget forgot ;13)过去式变成oo的5个：take took ; mistake mistook ; shake shook ;stand stood ; understand understood;14)ell变成 old的2个：sell sold ; tell told 15)把 y变 i，再加d的3个：lay laid ; pay paid ; say said ; 16）其他am/is was ; are were ; choose chose ; do did ; eat ate ; fall fell ; find found ; go went ; have had ; hear heard; hide hid ; hold held ; lead led ; leave left ; lie lay ; light lit/ lighted; make made; see saw ; 三）典型考题1. You havent said a word about my new coat. Do you like it?Im sorry I _ anything about it just now. I certainly think its pretty on you. (适合)A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say解析：答案选 D。just now刚才，是一般过去时用语，用一般过去时。 2. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _nothing. A. says B. has said C. didnt say D. hasnt said解析：答案选 C。根据上文I thought知道本句谈论的是过去发生的事，而且只描述过去所发生的情况，没有强调对现在的影响，故用一般过去时。3. I _ while watching TV. Then my mother told meto go to bed .A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleepC. fell asleep D. fall asleep解析：答案选 C。由上下文可知大意，即：我在看电视的过程中睡着了，然后妈妈就叫我去睡觉了。只是描述过去某个时间发生的情况，所以用一般过去时。4、-Tom has gone to Beijing .- Do you know when he ?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left解析：答案选 D。when通常都不与完成时连用，排除B和C；根据上文“Tom has gone to Beijing汤姆已经去北京了”可以判断，“离开”此地发生在过去某个时间，而且已经离开， A表示“正在离开或将要离开”，与语境不符。5. I _ you not to move my dictionary-now I cant find it. A. askedB. askC. was askingD. had asked解析：答案选 A。由now可知前句的意思是：我曾经叫你不要搬动我的词典的 (你偏不听)。“叫”是在过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。6. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened解析：答案选 D。根据句中的yesterday可知，要用一般过去时。. My cousin went to Canada two yours ago. He _ there for a few months and then went to America. A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working解析：答案选 A。句中的三个动作去加拿大、在那儿住了几年、然后去了美国是连续发生的动作，描述三个动作的时态应一致，由于前后两个动作用的都是一般过去时；而且句中时间状语two yours ago也明确指出了动作发生在过去；所以，中间的“在那儿住了几年”应用一般过去时。. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. A. are goingB. had beenC. wentD. have been解析：C。根据句末的several years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时。. Have you known him for a long time?Yes, since he _ the club. A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined解析：答案选 D。Since表示“自从”，过去时态表示过去的时间，Since引导一般过去时间的从句，表示自从过去某个时间到现在，整个Since从句是现在完成时的标志，连词since所搭配的时态通常是：主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。10. You speak very good French! Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied 解析：答案选 A。根据句意及句中时间状语for four years可推知，空格处该用一般过去时或现在完成时；由于选项中没有现在完成时，故用一般过去时。11. Edward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano. A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. dont know D. havent known解析：答案选 A。根据句意可知，说话者是“过去”不知道，现在已经知道了，因此句子用一般过去时。句意为：爱德华，你弹得太好了。但我之前不知道你会弹钢琴。 12. What do you think of the movie?Its fantastic. The only pity is that I _ the beginning. A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss 解析：答案选 A。根据问句的意思（你觉得这部电影如何）可知，答话者已看了这部电影，所以“错过电影的开头”应用一般过去时。13. Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I _ know. I _ visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didnt; will 解析：答案选 A。根据句意，在此之前说话人不知道安住院了，因此第一空用一般过去时；说话人打算去看她，这个动作还没发生，因此第二空用一般将来时。二）复合不定代词复合不定代词由some, any, every, no 与 body, one, thing构成，如somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等。使用不定代词时应注意：1、含some的复合不定代词与含any的复合不定代词的区别：含some的复合不定代词用于肯定句和表达建议的问句中；含any的复合不定代词用于否定句和疑问句中。2、当不定代词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式，如：Everyone likes apples. 3、修饰复合不定代词的形容词必须置于其后。如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做什么有趣的事情了吗？Did you buy anything special? 你买什么有特殊意义的东西了吗？Did you meet anyone interesting? 你遇见什么有趣的人了吗？Did you learn anything important? 你学习一些重要的东西了吗？4、当something, anything, nothing, everything等指事的复合不定代词作主语的句子，构成反意疑问句时，用 it作问句部分的主语；当someone, anyone, everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 等指人的复合不定代词作主语的句子构成反意疑问句时，问句部分可用单数he或they作主语；表示所有关系时用his, their。如：Everything goes well , doesnt it? 一切都进展顺利，是吗?Someone likes bananas , doesnt he / dont they ? Someone has left his their umbrella here. 有人把伞忘在这儿了。5、复合代词后习惯上不接表示范围的of 短语，但分开写的any one, every one 等却可以接 of 短语。如：Every one of us agrees to stay. 我们每个人都同意留下。6、注意以下习语nothing but 只有，仅仅 nothing more than 仅仅something like 大约，有几分像三）语法练习：（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. It was (be) windy yesterday , but I (not , put )on my jacket, so I ( have ) a cold. 2. Last night I (eat) too much junk food at my friends birthday party, and I ( get ) a stomachache.3. Last Sunday we (play) soccer and I (fall) down and (hurt) myself . At first it (seem) OK, but now I ( have ) a sore back . 4. I (have ) a toothache last night , so I (not, sleep) well .5. I have a sore throat now because I (talk) too much yesterday and I (not drink ) enough water .6. I (wear) too little yesterday and (have )a cold . Now I ( have)a cough and a fever .7. I ( have) a toothache and ( go ) to the dentist yesterday. I ( get ) an X-ray and (take) some medicine. 8. I (buy) a car in 2020, and I (pay) 80,000 yuan for it .9. We (build ) a new house two years ago. We ( make) kites in it last year.10. He (get) up early this morning . Then he ( ride ) his bike to school . On the way to school he (fall ) off the bike and (cut ) his leg . 11. My sister (climb) the mountain yesterday and (get ) sunburned ,so she (not,come ) to the party.（二）根据要求变换句型1、It was windy yesterday.否定句：一般疑问句：提问windy：2、Lucy washed her clothes at home yesterday. 否定句：一般疑问句：提问her clothes：提问washed her clothes：提问at home：提问yesterday：提问Lucy：三、听对话或短文，回答问题（理解课文）四、动词短语 （在课文中划出下列短语，并造句）go on vacation 去度假， go to the mountains去山里go to New York City去纽约， go to summer camp参加夏令营go to Central Park 去中央公园， go to the beach去海滩go to a fun park 去一个有趣的公园， go to Mount Tai 去泰山go fishing 去钓鱼， go shopping 去购物go with someone和某人一起去 go out with anyone/someone和某人一起外出have a good time过得愉快 Stay at home 呆在家里visit my uncle/museums 看望我叔叔/参观博物馆do something interesting 做有趣的事情 buy something special 买有特殊意义的东西learn something important 学习重要的东西 meet someone interesting 遇见有趣的人buy something for him 给他买东西 buy him a hat给他买顶帽子注：动词、介词后面的人称代词要用宾格形式，做宾语。study for tests 学习迎接考试， take photos拍照keep a diary 写日记， keep going 继续/一直走arrive in/at 到达， try paragliding 试滑翔伞 ride bicycles to Georgetown 骑自行车去乔治市feel like 感觉像，渴望 enjoy walking喜欢步行/散步walk up to the top 步行上山顶 wait for等待have/ bring an umbrella 带伞jump up and down in excitement 兴奋地跳来跳去五、阅读课文，然后，将下列句子译成英语,并背诵：1、-你去哪里度假？-我去纽约了。2、我与家人去山里了。3、我去参加夏令营了。4、我去海滩了。5、-食物怎么样？- 所有食物都很好吃。6、-天气怎么样？-睛天，很热。7、-那里的人怎么样？-很友好。8、-你与什么人一起外出了吗？-没有。这儿没人。大家都在度假。9、我给爸爸买了一些东西。10、我给他买了一顶帽子。11、 我的确为朋友买了一些东西。12、昨天人人都过得很愉快。13、上周，我们看了黄果树瀑布，拍了很多照片。14、昨天我在餐馆吃了饭，写了日记。15、我们决定去旅馆附近的海滩。16、我感觉想飞。我感觉我像一只小鸟。17、因为糟糕的天气，我们看不到下面的景色。18、爸爸没带够钱，我们只买了一碗米饭。19、我们等了好长时间的火车。因为没带雨伞，我们淋湿了。（p6）20、大家兴奋地跳来跳去。（p8）六、语言点讲解1、quite a few(p2) 相当多，修饰可数名词复数，如：We took quite a few photos. 2. what about / how about +n. /pron. /ving? 用于征求对方意见或向对方提建议，如：I want to watch TV . What about you? 我想看电视，你呢？（征求意见）-What can we do next ? What about asking for the teacher ?接下来我们怎么办？ 请老师帮助怎么样？3. most of (p2) 其中的大多数I stayed at home most of time to read and relax.We are on vacation. Most of the students are studying. 4. 英语中，有一些系动词，如：taste(p5) 尝起来， seem(P3)好像， look (p6)看起来, feel(p7)感觉, smell闻起来，get变得，sound听起来，后面都需要跟形容词作表语。The food tasted great . 食物棒极了。Still no one seemed to be bored. （不定式作表语） 看起来仍然没人厌倦。The city looked wonderful from the top of the hill. 这座城市从山顶看起来很精彩。I felt really tired . 我感到很累。Then it got windy. 这时起风了。That sounds good. 听起来不错哟。5. arrive in / at , get (to) , reach 表示“到达”某地时，如果表示地点的是名词，可以用arrive in / at , get to, reach；如果表示地点的是副词，常用get；如果不出现地点，常用arrive，如：他昨天到达了北京. He arrived in / got to / reached Beijing yesterday.他上午八点到了家. He got home at 8:00 a.m. yesterday.天黑前我到了. I arrived before it was dark. 6. decide 动词，决定，后面遇到动词用不定式，它的名词形式是decision.我们决定去旅馆附近的海滩。We decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 7. feel like 感觉像，后面常跟从句，或者动名词形式。我感觉我就像一只小鸟。I felt like I was a bird .天热热时，我想游泳。I feel like swimming in the hot weather.8. a lot of , much , many很多，a lot of可以修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数，much可以修饰不可数名词，many可以修饰可数名词复数。There are a lot of /many new buildings now.I ate a lot of/much junk food yesterday. 9. enjoy +n. / ving 喜欢某物/做某事I really enjoyed walking around the town. 10.wait for sb. to do sth 等待某人做某事Please wait here . 请在这里等一下。We waited over an hour for the train.我们等了一个多小时的火车。Im waiting for the teacher to come. 我正在等待老师的到来。11.because , because of (p5)因为，because后面跟从句，可以回答以Why开头的问句；because of后面跟名词或名词性的短语。不能用来回答以Why开头的问句-Why did you buy a new pen?Because my old one was broken.I couldnt catch the early train because of the rain. 12. forget (p6)动词，忘记1)后面可以跟名词，表示忘记某人/事了，如：I forgot your name. 我忘记你的名字了。2) 后面可以跟动词不定式，表示忘记做某事了，不定式表示的事情没有做，如：We waited a long time for the train and we were wet and cold because we forgot to bring the umbrella. 我们等了很长时间火车，我们淋湿了，因为我们忘记带伞了。I forgot to buy meat . 我忘记买肉了。The teacher was angry with me because I forgot to do my homework.老师生气了，因为我忘记做作业了。3) 后面可以跟动名词，表示忘记做过某事了，如：I forgot telling you about it . 我忘记告诉过你了。13. enough (p5) 形容词或副词，足够的/地，可以放在名词前或后做名词的定语，可以放在其他形容词、副词或动词后做状语，如：My father didnt bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. The boy is tall enough to catch the apple on the tree.He ran fast enough to catch the bus. 14. keep (p8) 1）保存，继续You can keep the book for two weeks . 这本书你可以保存/借两周。2）keep a diary 写/记日记keep doing sth 继续/一直做某事，如：My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on. 我的同学叫我继续走，所以我继续往前走了。He fell down and got up , then kept running . 他摔倒了，爬起来，然后继续向前跑。16.感叹句 有两种常见的结构，一种以what 开头,一种以 how开头，具体结构如下：当感叹的重点是名词时，以what 开头，即：What(+a/an)（+形容词）+名词（+主谓）！当名词是不可数名词或复数名词时，不用冠词a/an，如：一天的差异多大呀！What a difference a day makes!多漂亮的一束花啊！What a beautiful flower ( it is) !多高的一座楼啊！What a tall building (it is) !多糟糕的天气啊！What bad weather (it is )!多清澈的水啊！What clean water (it is )!多努力的学生啊！What hardworking students (they are )!多么大的苹果啊！What big apples (they are )!当感叹的重点是形容词或副词时，以 how开头，即：How+形容词或副词+主谓！如：这束花真漂亮啊！How beautiful the flower is !这座楼真高啊！How tall the building is !这水真清澈啊！How clean the water is !他跑得真快啊！How fast he ran!她唱得真好啊！How well she sang !七、练习1、完形填空 Mr. Johnson was having trouble with his stomach. 1 he went to see a doctor. The doctor examined his stomach 2 but couldnt find any problem. Then he said, “ Well, Mr. Johnson , take it easy. There is 3Serious. Stop smoking and then youll be all right very 4 . “But,doctor,”answered Mr. Johnson, “ I 5 . I dont like smoking at all.” “Oh, I see,” said the doctor , “ then stop drinking alcohol 6 .” “ But I dont drink alcohol,” answered Mr. Johnson. “Dont drink 7 tea or coffee then,” the doctor said to him. “ I 8 drink water,” answered Mr. Johnson .The doctor 9 for a while and then said,” Well, what do you like to eat then?”“Potatoes. I like potatoes very much,” Mr. Johnson answered at once. “All right, then stop 10 potatoes,” said the doctor as he got up to say goodbye to Mr. Johnson.( ) 1. A. so B. but C. of D. for( ) 2. A. slowly B. happily C. quickly D. carefully( ) 3. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything( ) 4. A. early B. soon C. late D. much( ) 5. A. wont smoke B. never smoke C. couldnt smoke D. neednt smoke( ) 6. A. from now on B. just now C. from then on D. until now ( ) 7. A. any B. many C. some D. little( ) 8. A. will B. wont C. dont D. only( ) 9. A. looked B. thought C. wrote D. read( ) 10. A. cutting B. buying C. eating D. washing 2. 阅读短文，选择正确答案 Once there lived an old man in a town. He always forgot a lot of things. So his wife always had to say to him, “Dont forget this.” One day he went on a long way alone. Before he left home, his wife said, “ Now you have all these things. You need them on your way. Take care of your things on the way.” He went to the station. He bought a ticket and got on the train with it . About an hour later , th