现代软件工程2课件

PartOne:TheSoftwareProcess,Whatisasoftwareprocess?Whatarethegenericframeworkactivitiesthatarepresentineverysoftwareprocess?Howareprocessesmodeledandwhatareprocesspatterns?Whatareprescriptiveprocessmodelsandwhataretheirstrengthsandweaknesses?Whatcharacteristicsofincrementalmodelsmakethemamenabletomodernsoftwareprojects?Whatistheunifiedprocess?Whyis“agility”awatchwordinmodernsoftwareengineeringwork?Whatisagilesoftwaredevelopmentandhowdoesitdifferfrommoretraditionalprocessmodels?,1,Chapter2AGenericViewofProcess,SoftwareEngineeringALayeredTechnologyAProcessFrameworkCMM/CMMIProcessPatternsProcessTechnology,2,SWProcessandSWEngineering,SoftwareisassetsandknowledgeSoftwareProcessisaprocessforthetasksrequiredtobuildhighqualitysoftware,istodefinethemethodsinSWdevelopButSoftwareengineeringencompassestechnologiespopulatedtheprocesstechnologicalmethodandautomatedtools,3,SoftwareEngineering,SoftwareEngineering:Theapplicationofasystematic,disciplined,quantifiableapproachtothedevelopment,operation,andmaintenanceofsoftware;thatis,theapplicationofengineeringtosoftware.Thestudyofapproachesasin(1).-IEEEStandard610.12-1990,4,LayeredTechnology,SoftwareEngineering:ALayeredTechnology,SoftwareEngineering,a“quality”focus,processmodel,methods,tools,Framework,5,QualityFocus,IsabedrocktosupportSWengineeringIsaorganizationalcommitmenttosoftwareIsacustomersneedsNeedacontinuousprocessimprovement,6,Process,Acollectionofactivities,actions,andtasksthataperformedwhensomeworkproductistobecreatedIsthefoundationofSWengineeringtoholdtechnologytogethertobuildsoftwaretimelyandrationallyDefinesaframeworkasaroadmapforsoftwaredevelopmentFormsabasisforsoftwaremanagementcontrol,7,SWengineeringmethod,Providethetechnology:howtobuildsoftwareIncludingmanymethods:communication,requirementanalysis,designmodeling,programconstruction,testingandsupportModelingactivityanddescriptivetechniques,8,Softwareengineeringtools,FormethodsForprocessesToolsareintegratedforstakeholderComputeraidedsoftwareengineering(CASE),9,ProcessFramework,SoftwareProcess,Processframework,UmbrellaActivities,Frameworkactivity#1SoftwareEngineeringaction#1.1worktasksworkproductsmilestonesconcurrenceoftheprojectteam,13,ProcessFramework,Example:TasksetforRequirementgatheringinCommunicationactivityMakealistofstakeholdersfortheprojectInviteallstakeholderstoaninformalmeetingAskeachstakeholdertomakealistoffeaturesandfunctionsrequiredDiscussrequirementsandbuildafinallistPrioritizerequirementsNoteareasofuncertaintysmall,relativelysimpleproject,14,ProcessFramework,Example:TasksetforRequirementgatheringinCommunicationactivityMakealistofstakeholdersfortheprojectIntervieweachstakeholderseparatelytodetermineoverallwantsandneedsBuildapreliminarylistoffunctionsandfeaturesbasedonstakeholderinputScheduleaseriesoffacilitatedrequirementsgatheringmeetingsConductmeetingsProduceinformaluserscenariosaspartofeachmeetingRelineuserscenariosbasedonstakeholderfeedbackBuildarevisedlistofstakeholderrequirementsUsequalityfunctiondeployment(QFD)techniquestoprioritizerequirementPackagerequirementssothattheycanbedeliveredincrementallyNoteconstraintsandrestrictionsthatwillbeplacedonthesystemDiscussmethodsforvalidatingthesystemlarge,morecomplexproject,15,Softwareprocessassessment,ISO:SEI:CMM(CapailitymaturityModel)CMMI(CapailitymaturityModelIntergration),16,CMMI:CapabilityMaturityModelIntegration,17,WhatisCMMIModelPracticesProcessImprovement,SaywhatyoudoDowhatyousayProveit,CMMI:CapabilityMaturityModelIntegration,18,Sw-CMMOverview,19,KEYPROCESSAREAS(KPA)BYMATURITYLEVEL,20,CMMI:CapabilityMaturityModelIntegration,21,CMMI:CapabilityMaturityModelIntegration,22,ProjectPlanningSG,SG1:EstablishestimatesSG2:DevelopaprojectplanSG3:Obtaincommitmenttotheplan,23,Example:SPforSG,EstablishestimatesSP1.1EstimatethescopeoftheprojectSP1.2EstablishestimatesofworkproductandtaskattributesSP1.3DefineprojectlifecycleSP1.4Determineestimatesofeffortandcost,24,CMMIReplaces,25,ProcessPattern,Processpatternsdefineasetofactivities,actions,worktasks,workproductsand/orrelatedbehaviorsAtemplateisusedtodefineapatternTypicalexamples:Customercommunication(aprocessactivity)Analysis(anaction)Requirementsgathering(aprocesstask)Reviewingaworkproduct(aprocesstask)Designmodel(aworkproduct),26,ATemplateofProcessPattern,PatternNameIntentTypeTaskpatternsStagepatternsPhasepatternsInitialContextProblemSolutionResultingContextRelatedPatternsKnownUses/Example,27,ProcessPattern,28,ProcessTechnology,ProcesstechnologytoolsBuildanautomatedmodelofthecommonprocessframeworkAllocate,monitor,controltasksdefinedinprocessframeworkCoordinatetheuseofothercomputer-aidedsoftwareengineeringtoolsRepresentativeToolsIgrafxProcessT,29,Summary,SEisadisciplinethatintegratesprocess,methods,andtoolsforthedevlopmentSoftwareDifferenceprocessmodelsforSEproposed,allprocessmodelsdefineasetofframeworkactivities,acollectionoftasksthatconductedtoaccomplisheachactivity,workproductsproducedasaconsequenceofthetasks,andasetofumbrellaactivivitiesthatspantheentireprocessProcesspatterncanbeusedtodefinethecharacteristicsofaprocessCMMIisacomprehensiveprocessmeta-modelthatdescribesthespecficgoal,practicesandcapabilitiesthatshouldbepresentinamaturesoftwareprocess,30,Exercise,1.Whichoftheitemslistedbelowisnotoneofthesoftwareengineeringlayers?Answer:ba.Processb.Manufacturingc.Methodsd.Tools2.Softwareengineeringumbrellaactivitiesareonlyappliedduringtheinitialphasesofsoftwaredevelopmentprojects.Answer:bTrueFalse3.Whichofthesearethe5genericsoftwareengineeringframeworkactivities?Answer:acommunication,planning,modeling,construction,deploymentcommunication,riskmanagement,measurement,production,reviewinganalysis,designing,programming,debugging,maintenanceanalysis,planning,designing,programming,testing4.WhichofthesetermsarelevelnamesintheCapabilityMaturityModel?Answer:ea.Performedb.Repeatablec.Reusedd.Optimizede.Bothbandd,31,Exercise,5.Whichoftheitemslistedbelowisnotoneoftheprocesspatterns.Answer:da.Intentb.Solutionc.ResultingContext