夜莺颂赏析.doc

课 程 作 业 论文题目： The Essay I Like Best 学生姓名： 任课教师： 张国清 二级学院： 专 业 班级： 学号： 一、夜莺颂原文 Ode to a nightingale My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness,- That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees In some melodious plot Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, Singest of summer in full-throated ease. O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been Coold a long age in the deep-delved earth, Tasting of Flora and the country green, Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt mirth! O for a beaker full of the warm South, Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene, With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, And purple-stained mouth That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, And with thee fade away into the forest dim Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget What thou among the leaves hast never known, The weariness, the fever, and the fret Here, where men sit and hear each other groan; Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs, Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies; Where but to think is to be full of sorrow And leaden-eyed despairs, Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes, Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow. Away! away! for I will fly to thee, Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards, But on the viewless wings of Poesy, Though the dull brain perplexes and retards Already with thee! tender is the night, And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne, Clusterd around by all her starry Fays; But here there is no light, Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown Through verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways. I cannot see what flowers are at my feet, Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs, But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet Wherewith the seasonable month endows The grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild; White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine; Fast fading violets coverd up in leaves; And mid-Mays eldest child, The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine, The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves. Darkling I listen; and, for many a time I have been half in love with easeful Death, Calld him soft names in many a mused rhyme, To take into the air my quiet breath; Now more than ever seems it rich to die, To cease upon the midnight with no pain, While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad In such an ecstasy! Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain- To thy high requiem become a sod. Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird! No hungry generations tread thee down; The voice I hear this passing night was heard In ancient days by emperor and clown: Perhaps the self-same song that found a path Through the sad heart of Ruth, when, sick for home, She stood in tears amid the alien corn; The same that oft-times hath Charmd magic casements, opening on the foam Of perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn. Forlorn! the very word is like a bell To toll me back from thee to my sole self! Adieu! the fancy cannot cheat so well As she is famd to do, deceiving elf. Adieu! adieu! thy plaintive anthem fades Past the near meadows, over the still stream, Up the hill-side; and now tis buried deep In the next valley-glades: Was it a vision, or a waking dream? Fled is that music:-Do I wake or sleep? 2、 夜莺颂中文翻译我的心在痛,困顿和麻木 刺进了感官有如饮过毒鸩 又像是刚把鸦片吞服 於是向列斯忘川下沉 并不是我忌妒你的好运 而是你的快乐使我太欢欣 因为在林间嘹亮的天地里 你呵,轻翅的仙灵 你躲进山毛榉的葱绿和荫影 放开了歌喉,歌唱著夏季 唉,要是有一口酒,那冷藏 在地下多年的清醇饮料 一尝就令人想起绿色之邦 想起花神,恋歌,阳光和舞蹈 要是有一杯南国的温暖 充满了鲜红的灵感之泉 杯缘明灭著珍珠的泡沫 给嘴唇染上紫斑 我要一饮而尽而悄然离开尘寰 和你同去幽暗的林中隐没 远远地,远远隐没,让我忘掉 你在树叶间从不知道的一切 忘记这疲劳,热病,和焦躁 这使人对坐而悲叹的世界 在这里,青春,苍白,削瘦,死亡 而瘫痪有几根白发在摇摆 在这里,稍一思索就充满了 忧伤和灰暗的绝望 而美保持不住明眸的光彩 新生的爱情活不到明天就枯凋 去吧!去吧!我要朝你飞去 不用和酒神坐文豹的车驾 我要展开诗歌底无形的羽翼 尽管这头脑已经困顿,疲乏 去了,我已经和你同往 夜这般温柔,月后正登上宝座 周围是侍卫她的一群星星 但这儿不甚明亮 除了有一线天光,被微风带过 葱绿的幽暗和藓苔的曲径 我看不出是哪种花在脚旁 什麼清香的花挂在树枝上 在温馨的幽暗理,我只能猜想 这时令该把哪种芬芳 赋予这果树,林莽和草丛 这白枳花,和田野的玫瑰 这绿叶堆中易凋谢的紫罗兰 还有五月中旬的娇宠 这缀满了露酒的麝香蔷薇 它成了夏夜蚊蚋嗡营的港湾 我在黑暗中里倾听,多少次 我几乎爱上了静谧的死亡 我在诗思里用尽了我言辞 求他把我的一息散入空茫 而现在,死更是多麼的富丽 在午夜里溘然魂离人间 当你正倾泻你的心怀 发出这般的狂喜 你仍将歌唱,但我却不再听 你的莽歌只能唱给泥草一块 永生的鸟啊,你不会死去 饿的世代无法将你蹂躏 今夜,我偶然听到的歌曲 当使古代的帝王和村夫喜悦 或许这同样的歌也曾激荡 露丝忧郁的心,使她不禁落泪 站在异邦的谷田里想著家 就是这声音常常 在失掉了的仙域里引动窗扉 一个美女望著大海险恶的浪花 失掉了,这句话好比一声钟 使我猛省到我站脚的地方 别了!幻想,这骗人的妖童 不能老耍弄它盛传的伎俩 别了!别了!你怨诉的歌声 流过草坪,越过幽静的溪水 溜上山坡,而此时它正深深 埋在附近的溪谷中 这是个幻觉,还是梦寐 那歌声去了我是睡?是醒?3、 夜莺颂赏析背景介绍 1818年，济慈23岁。那年，诗人患上了肺痨，同时诗人还处于和范妮布恩小姐的热恋中。正如诗人自己说的，他常常想的两件事就是爱情的甜蜜和自己死去的时间。在这样的情况下，诗人情绪激昂，心中充满着悲愤和对生命的渴望。在一个深沉的夜晚，在浓密的树枝下，在鸟儿嘹亮的歌声中，诗人一口气写下了这首8节80多行的夜莺颂。格律赏析 第一小节，较沉闷的元音(如在“heart”、“drowsy”、“numbness”、等词中)与较严厉的词(如“aches”、“pains”、)形成一种强烈的对比。写诗人被美妙的歌声刺醒了被痛苦麻木的灵魂，一种隐隐的甜蜜的痛苦敲醒了诗人困顿的心神。/s/W/z/T/等滑音的运用，给人一种舒缓的感觉，它像钝头痛一样，如丝般，一缕一缕，细细的侵入你的身躯，你的灵魂。沉闷的元音/Q/也缕缕出现（“drunk”“some”“dull”等词中），与beechengreen,fullthroatedease也形成一种对比，表现了诗人快感与痛苦的糅合，表现了诗人对那个明快亮丽世界的向往，与急于摆脱现实羁绊的强烈愿望。第二小节，诗人用一系列爆破音/d/、/t/、/b/、/p/、/k/等与短元音/i/Q/A/R/等，构成一幅声音响亮、欢快的美好世界，那里有陈年佳酿，似灵泉之水，有生机勃勃的绿色，有舞步欢快，有笑声盈盈，有声声歌唱诗人领我们走进了一个美妙的世界，实践着他所说的“那些值得尊敬的诗人是那些讲述悦耳动听故事的人”。第三小节，/v/、/r/、/n/等辅音（如在“fever”“fret”“groan”中）的运用，使嗡嗡之声充溢其间，给人一种烦躁、压抑之感，一些沉闷的元音给人一种沉闷、无生气、瘫软的感觉。第四小节，/s/f/等擦音及长元音/ei/、/i:/的运用，产生一站种柔和、安宁的效果。“fly”、“wings”、“tender”、“breezes”、“venderous”、“light”等词，一动一静、一明一暗，形成对比，使富有动感，柔风软拂，月光柔和，树林静谧，曲径通幽，给人一种宁静之感。第五小节，“flowers”、“softincense”“embalmeddarkness”、“pastoraleglantine”等词产生一种柔美的艺术效果。头韵/m/的运用，告诉人民们在五月里，天气渐热，夹杂着苍蝇的嗡嗡声，让人们有一种昏昏欲睡之感。另外，元音从/Q/到/R/到/a:/到/ai/，不断变化，使人完全没有单调像琴键上跳跃的音符，避免了单调。第六小节，长元音/i:/的连续运用，（如在“easefuldeath”“musedrhyme”“cease”“requiem”等中）带人进入一种幽静、甜熟、“奢侈”的死的意境之中。之是诗人的梦呓，是听着歌声沉醉的话语。第七小节，/d/t/n/g/等辅音（如在“tread”“down”“night”“off-times”“magic”中）以及长音/ei/R:/E:/EU/等（如在“born”“immortal”“heard”“home”“casement”中）的运用，长短相间，意象跳跃较快，使整节诗充满了跳动的音符。第八小节，一连贯/s/的运用（如在“soleself”“so”“elf”“fades”“past”“stillstream”“vallage-glades”“sleep”等中）将读者留在那个已经离去的世界里，美妙的音乐久久盘旋在人们的心间。主题赏析 相传，夜莺会死在月圆的晚上。在凄美而朦胧的月光中，夜莺会飞上最高的玫瑰枝，将玫瑰刺深深地刺进自己的胸膛，然后发出高亢的声音，大声歌唱，直到心中的血流尽，将花枝上的玫瑰染红。诗的题目虽然是“夜莺颂”，但是，诗中基本上没有直接描写夜