Unit2SectionⅡ.ppt

,SectionWelcometotheunit&ReadingLanguagePoints,Unit2Theenvironment,1.debaten&v争辩，辩论(教材P22)Todaysdebatequestionis，Theeconomyortheenvironmentmustwechoose？我们今天辩论的话题是“要经济还是环境我们必须做出抉择吗？”,operatethedebate展开辩论holdadebate举行辩论会beyonddebate无可争辩underdebate正在辩论debatewithsb.about/onsth.就某事和某人辩论,IdebatedwithMaryaboutthisproblem.我和玛丽就这个问题进行了辩论。Werejustdebatingwhattodonext.我们正要讨论下一步做什么。易混辨析debate，argue，discuss,自填助记(1)Theywill_thequestiontomorrow.(2)Theyarealways_witheachotheraboutmoney.(3)Haveyou_theproblemwithanyone?,debate,arguing,discussed,2.flowvi.&n流动，流畅地进行(教材P22)Othertypesofwasteflowintoourwater,killingriverandsealife.其他种类的废物流入我们的水中，杀死河流及海洋中的生物。flowinto.流入flowthrough.流经flowfrom.来自于，源于，产生于flowaway流逝aflowof.大量的，源源不断的,Thedoctorcouldnotstoptheflowofblood.那位医生无法止住流血。Thetrafficbegantoflownormallyagain.交通又恢复正常的流动。Theriver_thesea.这条河向南流入大海。Theyears_sofast.年华易逝。,flowssouthinto,flowaway,3.dutyn义务，责任，职责，职务(教材P22)Itisourdutytotrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.尽量消减和减少我们制造或者买的物品的数量是我们的职责。doonesduty尽本分onduty值班offduty不值班outofduty出于责任asenseofduty责任感itsonesdutytodosth.做某事是某人的责任,Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety.他强调仁爱、责任和秩序在社会中的重要性。Theemployersoftengivethejobtowhoevertheybelievehasworkexperiencewithastrongsenseofduty.老板常常会把工作交给他们认为有工作经验和强烈责任感的人。Goodtechniqueinmedicinemeanslesspainandfewerdeathsand,therefore,_masterit.在医学方面好的技术意味着痛苦和死亡的减少，因此，掌握好医学方面的知识是我们的职责。,itisourdutyto,4.responsibilityn责任，职责(教材P23)Theythinkofgreedybusinessmenhidingfromtheirresponsibilitiesandonlyworryingaboutmoney.他们就会联想到贪婪的商人躲避自己对环境的责任，并且只关心金钱。asenseofresponsibility责任感responsibilityto/towards对的职责have/takeresponsibilityfor对负责throwresponsibilityonsb.把责任推给某人beresponsiblefor对负责,Hehasasenseofresponsibilitythatsavedallthepeopleslives.他具有挽救所有人的生命的责任感。Myhusbandtookresponsibilityfor/wasresponsiblefororganizingthetrip.我的丈夫负责这次旅程。Parents_theirchildrenssafety.父母应该对他们孩子的安全负责任。,areresponsiblefor/takeresponsibilityfor,5.beliefn.信念，相信(教材P23)Peopleoftenhavethisbeliefthatdevelopmentisbadfortheenvironment,butthisdoesnothavetobetrue.人们总是有这样的想法，发展对环境有坏的影响，但是这个想法不一定正确。beyondbelief难以置信的；不可思议的inthebeliefthat.相信beliefinsth./sb.对某事物/某人有信心itsmybeliefthat.我相信,TheboyhasastrongbeliefinGod.那个男孩虔诚地相信上帝。Itismybeliefthathewillwin.我相信他会赢。Hecametome_Icouldhelphim.他到我这里来，相信我能帮助他。,inthebeliefthat,6.quantityn.量；数量(教材P23)MsLinsuggestedweshouldcutbackonthequantityofthingsweproduceinordertosavetheenvironment.林女士建议我们应该消减我们生产的东西的数量来挽救环境。(1)常见搭配：alarge/smallquantityof大/少量的quantitiesof大量的inlargequantities(inquantity)大量地(很多),(2)alarge/smallquantityof与quantitiesof这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。前者接不可数名词或可数名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；而后者接不可数名词或可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。(3)表示“大量的”短语：alargeamountof/agreatdealof/agreatnumberof/alargesupplyof/alargecollectionof/alargemassof,Worstofall，Igetalargerquantityofhomework，comparedtothem.更为糟糕的是，与他们比起来，我的家庭作业数量更大。Thereisasmallquantityofwaterleftinthebottle.瓶子里还剩下少量的水。There_largequantitiesofraininthisarea.这个地区的雨量很大。,are,7.willingadj.愿意的(教材P23)Askingaround,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayalittlehigherpriceforthingsthatarefriendlytotheenvironment.我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。(1)be(quite，perfectly)willingtodosth.乐于做某事beunwillingtodosth.不情愿做某事(2)willinglyadv.乐意地willingnessn.心甘情愿,Therewasnolackofwillinghelpers.不乏自愿帮助者。Youmaycomeifyou_.如果你愿意来你可以来。IwouldtellthemI_help.我告诉他们，我非常愿意帮忙。温馨提示willing的比较级和最高级分别是morewilling和themostwilling。,arewillingto,wasperfectlywillingto,8.openthefloor自由发言(教材P22)Thenwewillopenthefloorfordiscussion.然后我们将展开自由讨论。takethefloor发言，参加讨论get/havethefloor得到发言权askforthefloor征求发言权openthemind开阔思想openonesheart把心里的话说出来openoneseyes长见识，开眼界,Letsopenthefloortothequestion.现在开始提问。Thepresidentthen_andansweredthejournalistsquestions.总统随后讲话并回答了记者的提问。,tookthefloor,9.cutbackon减少，削减(与cutdownon含义相同)(教材P23)MsLinsuggestedweshouldcutbackonthequantityofthingsweproduceinordertosavetheenvironment.林女士建议我们应该削减我们生产的东西的数量来挽救环境。,cutacross抄近路穿过；影响到cutaway切(砍、剪)掉某物cutdown砍倒；删节，缩短；减少；缩减cutshort使某事缩短；中断cutin插入，插话cutoff切掉，剪掉；停止，中断(供给)cutup把切成小块；使人伤心cutthrough切穿；洞穿,Thecompanyhadtocutbackonexpenditureinordertorepayitsdebt.这个公司只好削减开支以偿还债务。Severalmajorhospitalsarecuttingbackonstaffatthemoment.现在几家大医院正在裁员。Thegardener_abranchfromthetree.园丁从树上砍下一根树枝。Shekept_onourconversation.我们谈话时她老是插嘴。,cutoff,cuttingin,10.useup用完，耗尽；(用于被动语态)筋疲力尽(教材P25)Thenumberofpeopleintheworldkeepsgrowing,andweareproducingmorerubbishandusingupmorerawmaterials.世界人口在持续增长，我们产生更多的垃圾并用了更多的原材料。,comeintouse开始使用makegood/fulluseof好好/充分地利用makethebestuseof充分利用beofuse有用的inuse在使用中putintouse投入使用Itsnousedoingsth.Theresnousedoingsth.做某事无用,Wewilluseupourgastomorrow.我们明天就将把汽油用完了。Shehadtouseupherretirementfundstosaveherownlife.她不得不用光她的退休金来拯救自己的生命。Ithinkyoullfindthisbook_(toyou)我想你会觉得这书(对你)有用。_topersuadehimtohaveaholidaybecauseheisaworkaholic.他是一个工作狂，试图说服他度假根本没用。,ofuse,Itisnousetrying,11.runout用完，耗尽(常与of连用)(教材P25)Whatiftheyrunout?要是他们用完了怎么办？runafter追逐runfor竞选runinto偶然遇到runover跑过去，碾过去runshort快用完，将耗尽,易混辨析runout，runoutof，useup，giveout,Ourfoodsoonranout.我们的食物很快吃完了。Wererunningoutofthefuel.我们的燃料将要用完。Icould_abusandcatchittwentyyearsago，butIcantdothatnow.二十年前，我能在后面跑着追公共汽车并且乘坐上去，但现在不行了。,runafter,.单词拼写1Itstheglorious_(职责)foreverysoldiertodefendourcountryagainstenemies.2Theyarebroadeningthebridgetospeedupthe_(流动)oftraffic.,duty,flow,3Frommotherslove,patienceandunderstanding,Ihavelearnedwhatahuge_(责任)itistoraiseachild.4Ithinkso,sheis_(愿意)toplayagainstanytoughplayers.5Yourworkhasimprovedin_(数量)andqualitythisterm.,responsibility,willing,quantity,.选词填空1Thankyou,lets_toquestions.2They_thedeadbranchesfromthetree.3Hehas_allthemoney.4Oursupplyoffoodis_now.Wedbetterstoresome.5Ifindhisbehavior_.,openthefloor；useup；beyondbelief；cutbackon；cutaway；runout,openthefloor,cutaway,usedup,runningout,beyondbelief,.单项填空1Theyhadafierce_astowhethertheircompanyshouldrestorethetraderelationshipwhichwasbrokenyearsago.AdebateBdisagreementCcontestDconflict解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们就公司是否应当恢复几年前中断了的贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争论。debate争论，辩论，指的是不同观点的各方据理力争，并且最终做出决定。,A,2(2014江苏泰州中学期中)Inthepast,therespectforteacherswasdrivenbythebelief_theywerereliablesourcesofknowledge.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhen解析：考查连词。根据句子结构可知，后面的从句是对belief的内容进行说明的，作同位语，从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。,C,3(2014南京十三中月考)Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellassometimelyhelp_sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.AhasofferedBhadbeenofferedChavebeenofferedDisoffered解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句子中出现了since从句,句子用现在完成时，而且Largequantitiesofinformation作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故选C项。,C,4Theagencyemploysthecareworker,sotheindividualdoesnthavethe_ofemployingsomeone.AresponsibilityBbenefitCpowerDway解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个中介机构聘用了这个护理工,因此个人没有责任聘用他人。根据句意，应选A项。,A,5Thehospital_well,wheremanywounded_everyday.Aisoperated；operatesonBoperates；areoperatedonCoperates；areoperatedDoperates；operateson解析：考查operate的用法。句意：这家医院运转得很好，每天都有很多伤员在这里做手术。operate作“运作，工作”讲时，是不及物动词，没有被动语态；operate作“动手术”讲时，常与on连用,即operateonsb.“给某人做手术”,此处用被动语态。,B,6(2014浙江省慈溪市云龙中学高二上期中)Withfood,waterandelectricity_，thevillageissufferingahumanitydisaster.AcutdownBcutupCcutoffDcutin解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着食物、水和电源被切断,这个村庄遭受了巨大的灾难。A砍掉；B.切碎；C.切断；D.插进，根据句意，应选C项。,C,7(2014山东泰安二中期中)I_youavaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butI_money.Awouldliketogive；ranoutofBwouldliketohavegiven；ranoutofCwouldliketogive；wasrunoutofDwouldliketogive；ranout解析：句意：我原本想要给你一份贵重的生日礼物的,但是我把钱花光了。wouldliketohavedone“过去想要做某事而实际未做”；runoutof“用完；耗尽”，为及物动词短语，其主语通常是人。,B,8(2012高考重庆卷)Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenarea_.Wemustactimmediatelybeforetheresnoneleft.AhaverunoutBarerunningoutChavebeenrunoutDarebeingrunout解析：考查时态和语态的运用。句意：洪灾区的食物供应将要用光了，我们必须在用完之前立即采取行动。由句中beforetheresnoneleft可知食物还没有用完，只是将要用完,故可排除表“已用完”的A项,而食物耗尽不用被动形式,故排除C、D两项；只有B项arerunningout表“即将耗尽”。,B,9Wetriedtofindatableforseven，buttheywereall_.AgivenawayBkeptawayCtakenupDusedup解析：考查动词短语的意义辨析。giveaway出卖；赠送；keepaway远离；takeup占据；从事；useup用光，由句意可知C项正确。,C,10Ourteacheradvisedyouto_thearticlethatistoolongsoastomakeitfitthespace.AcutawayBcutthroughCcutupDcutdown解析：根据toolong和fitthespace可知应选D项。cutdown削减，删节。cutaway切去，走开；cutthrough抄近路通过；cutup切碎。,D,1.(教材P22)WithmeareMsLinShuiqing，fromtheGreenSociety，andMrQianLiwei，abusinessdevelopmentconsultant.跟我在一起的是来自绿协的林水清女士和商业发展顾问钱立伟先生。句法分析这个句子是倒装句，句子将表语(介词短语withme)和be动词提到了句首；该句是完全倒装，正常语序应为“MsLinShuiqing.andMrQianLiwei.arewithme”。该句的主语是联合主语，即MsLinShuiqing和MrQianLiwei，它们后面分别都带有一个短语所构成非限制性定语。,(1)为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。(2)therebe句型中(be可换成live,lie等表示状态的动词),要用完全倒装。(3)地点副词away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up等位于句首，且主语是名词时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。,(4)有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。注意：若主语为人称代词,只把副词放在句首,主谓不倒装。(5)表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。(6)地点副词在句首的倒装句中，谓语动词多用一般现在时或一般过去时。,AmongthesepeoplewashisfriendJim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。Inthisboxaresomesmallcards.这个盒子里有几张小卡片。Johnopenedthedoor._agirlhehadneverseenbefore.约翰打开门，一个他从来没见过的女孩站在那儿。Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely，_thethief.听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。,Therestood,awayfled,2.(教材P22)Theworldspopulationhasgrownbysixtimeswhatitwasin1800.目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长了六倍。句法分析bysixtimeswhatitwasin1800，意为“比1800年(增长了)六倍”。whatitwasin1800是what引导的名词性从句，意为“1800年时的情况(数量)”；sixtimes相当于形容词，修饰名词性从句whatitwasin1800。,英语中常见的倍数表达法有：Abe倍数adj./adv.比较级thanBAbe倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)ofBA倍数what从句，表示“A是的多少倍”,Thecarrunstwicefasterthanthattruck.Thecarruns_thattruck.这辆轿车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。Theirarmyisabout_ours.他们军队的规模只有我们军队的一半左右。Thepriceofthemeatistwicewhatitwaslastyear.肉价是去年的两倍。,threetimesasfastas,halfthescaleof,3.(教材P23)HoweverIdoagreethat.然而，我的确非常赞同句法分析助动词do用来强调agreethat这个谓语动词。助动词do，does,did经常用来强调谓语动词，此种谓语动词要用动词原形。,Dowritetoyourparentswhenyougetthere.到那儿要保证给你的父母写信。Hedoesknowtheplacewell.他的确非常熟悉这个地方。He_youaletterlastweek.他上周的确给你寄过信。温馨提示对谓语动词强调的时候只能用一般现在时和一般过去时。,didsend,.完成句子1这张桌子是那张的3倍大。(一句多译)_,Thistableisthreetimesasbigasthatone.,Thistableistwicebiggerthanthatone.,Thistableisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.,2他工作的确努力，并且及时完成任务。He_hard,andfinishthejobintime.3许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。_somescientistsfromChina.4我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。_thedayswhenwewerepoor.5这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。Thelen