果树修剪教学实习报告

promote the extension of strictly administering the party grass-roots, but also the educational practice of the mass line of the party and three-three special education results achieved further inherited and expanded. To realize two a learning education is a necessary solution to the present problems of party construction. Strengthen problem consciousness and insisted on problem-oriented, is full of strictly administering the party since the partys 18 a distinctive feature, a successful experience. Secretary Wang noted that some party members still have political awareness, lack of political responsibility issues, party awareness and consciousness of the problem belief does not really believe, slim does not actually fix problems, outspoken, and jump on the assessment of the partys policies, and so on. Bi Lifu Secretary pointed out that a quarter of the economic situation is very serious, there is pressure on environment, seasonal factors and other objective reasons, but mainly subjective problem, is the problem of party members and cadres. Some depressed, negative slack, not responsible, . Double six, one, and two took the lead, build energy burst, Hongshan district, economic prosperity, eco-livable, civilized and harmonious island. It certainly can not be separated from the whole area 646 grass-roots party organizations and 14,146 members of broad participation and support. Through the two study and education, so that every cell of the party health, every organization is strong, so that all members of the vanguard and exemplary role, all the fighting bastion role of grass-roots party organizations into full play so that we can cross the Rapids, overcome all difficulties and the smooth realization of the Thirteen-Five goal. Second, basic learning, focus on learning education must understand the learning content and learning styles Foundation learning these four words are important information inside is very large, capture profound work truth in life. For example, I often say that the good Carpenter NAO Carpenter, why do some carpenters made furniture to have everybody likes it, Carpenter we are not willing to look for him? are apparently two people high and low technology, dig into the deep is firmer when both of his apprentices are not solid, there is no good that way. Luban art of story primary school are learn had, first after six mark test practice conduct, and practice cultivation, and practice perseverance, and practice patience, then with seven days seven night mill axe theory armed, and unity action, seriously learning XI General Secretary on reform development stable, and Interior diplomatic defense, and rule party ruling army of important thought, seriously learning to XI comrade for General Secretary of Central ruling acting political new concept new thought new strategy, seriously learning XI General Secretary study in Inner Mongolia important speech spirit, Guide party members and a deep understanding of a series of important speeches rich connotation and core ideas, which began so thoroughly Marxist positions果树修剪教学实习报告实习时间：2008年3月10日实习地点：园艺果树基地实习目的：学习果树修剪的具体操作技术，培养实践能力实习要求：理论结合实践，认真听老师的讲解并运用所学知识进行修剪实习内容与结果：对观赏海棠、寒富苹果、老龄梨树进行合理的修剪实习体会：果树是寿命长、层次多、结果年限长的经济树种。早在上一学期“果树栽培学基础”急“园艺实践”的课程中，我们已经初步学习并了解了果树修剪的理论知识以及修剪的几种主要方式，领会了修剪对于果树的深远的、重大的意义。这是我们在校学生的一次大型的集体修剪活动，在这一周的时间里，我们提升了自己的动手能力，并且巩固了自己的理论知识。纺锤形修剪方式是几种重要的整形方式之一，它比较适用于较高密度的栽培。其主要的结构特点是保留中心干，并始终维持中心干的优势，在中心干哂纳感呈螺旋状配置小主枝8-16个，上下交错、插空、不分层，小主枝间间距在30CM左右，同向小主枝之间的间距50CM左右。小主枝的分枝角度大，几近于水平生长，要控制主枝长势，一般小主枝上直接着生结果枝组，树高2.5-3.5M。纺锤形有多种形式，主要有自由纺锤形和细长纺锤形。自由纺锤形是目前我国在苹果栽培收那个推广应用适于密植的主要树形之一。树体形状类似于纺锤，一般干高40-50cm，树高2-3m，冠茎2.5-3m，全树共有小主枝10-15个，在中心干上均匀分布，插空排列，不分层次，伸向四面八方，呈近水平状。下部主枝较大，分布较密，上部小主枝较小且分布较稀。它总的原则是：四季修剪，综合应用缓、疏、缩、刻、剥、拉等多种修剪方法。细长纺锤形主要适用于高度密植的小冠树形，一般干高50cm左右，树高2.5m左右，冠径2.0m左右，全树保持12-20个与中心干呈近水平状着生的侧枝，。一般定干70-100cm，中心干自然延伸，为保持中心干直立，防止树冠上强下弱。实习的第二天，我们去了我校的梨园，园中的梨树都为1956年建园时所栽植，年龄较老。一般梨树结果50-60年后或者因为管理不善，树势衰弱，内膛枝组枯死，结果部位出现明显的外移，产量明显下降，所以应该及时进行更新修剪。老梨树的更新修剪主要可以分为以下几个步骤：一骨干枝的更新复壮由于已经多年结果，衰老树的骨干枝头常常会因为过去结果过量而出现下垂现象，严重的甚至导致枝头先端自然枯死。为了恢复树体的长势，如果只对个别的枝组进行修剪，往往达不到刺激萌生强枝的作用，必须在骨干枝的中下部又较良好的背上枝部位进行回缩，抑前促后，增强营养生长。 大枝的更新应该从上层开始，然后下层。因为先缩剪下层枝反应差，有时抽不出新枝，甚至将枝条堵死。修剪中，对于带头的背上枝组，要剪去其原头，利用外侧的枝代头，以便向斜向生长，重新构成新的主枝，否则的话，背上的枝很容易便会形成“树上长树”的现象，从而影响后部和中心枝上的各类枝条的生长，而且也不利于光的透过。 在树冠的更新过程忠，不要对所有的大枝都一次性的或在一年内进行回缩，应该分批次的进行，每年更新1-2个。对于回缩更新后而萌生的新枝，要加以利用并进行适当的处理，根据其所处的位置、长势分别根据需要培养成骨干枝头和枝组。如果有可以加以利用的徒长枝或背上直立的枝，可以配合大枝的更新，今可能的加以利用，培养成新的结果枝组，而侧生的新枝，可以视其位置及长势培养成新的侧枝，以更新换老，侧枝留好时，可以培养成新的枝组。在进行修剪工作时，我们首先要认真地观察树体的情况，对于各部分枝组、主枝、侧枝及一些徒长枝进行分析，对于一些没有用的徒长枝应当及时去掉，一些主枝先端出现的“树上长树”的大枝也应及时锯掉，以防止其长势过旺，影响其它主枝的生长。背上的直立枝不能全部去除，应适当留下一些位置好的，对其进行缓放，培养成为新的树冠。二 结果枝组的修剪结果枝组着生在各级主干枝和半骨干枝上，具有两个以上分枝的多年生枝，使结果的单位。它负担着整个梨树的经济价值，在成年大树，尤其是衰老树上，应使枝组多在主枝、侧枝背上及两侧着生，枝条呈直立或斜生的状态。老梨树的结果枝组修剪主要是对其进行回缩复壮。衰老树的结果枝组延长头多，多因为结果过量下垂，或先端衰弱无力乃至枯死，这类的枝条不能仅仅回缩个别小枝，否则不能达到复壮的作用。因此对一定数量下垂的多年生枝进行重回缩，并回缩到有良好分枝处，以起到复壮的作用。树膛内部的枝组也应适当回缩，并疏间其上的结果枝组。让它少结果，以促使树势及枝组的复壮，骨干枝与枝组间的回缩、更新应交替进行，使一株树上既有复壮的大枝，也有暂时维持结果的大枝，有新培养的枝组，也有更新复壮的枝组。这样，有利于树势与枝组的复壮，同时也可以获得一定的产量。回缩修剪后，冠内的潜伏芽可以萌生许多徒长枝。这是老树更新的基础，所以，对于徒长枝，不可以全部去除，它可以用来培养成为较大的新枝干，充实残缺不全的树冠，还可以用来培养新的枝组，增加结果面积。由于梨园已经疏于管理，所以应该对老树打开“天窗”，解决通风不良的问题，将保留下来的大枝重回缩，可以从树冠顶部大落头，使顶部开天窗，也可以从树冠的四周重回缩开天窗。在修剪的过程中，有些枝干内部已经死去，应多加留意，对这样的枝锯除。由于我们学习的都是一些原理，所以对于实际修剪还并不熟悉，开始的时候我们都不太敢下手修剪，仅仅是对一些徒长枝、背上枝组进行轻度的修剪。通过老师的讲解与示范，我们逐渐开始修剪一些大型的枝组，修剪过程中，我们对需要进行修剪得枝组进行集体的分析与讨论，没有随意的修剪。通过本次修剪，我们不仅仅巩固了所学的理论知识，并将这些知识付诸实践，锻炼了我们的动手能力，也培养了我们的责任心，因为果树是多年生的作物，修剪是否合理，都会在树体上留下明显的痕迹，虽然剪刀在我们手中，但我们都不会随意修剪，对于果树的修剪，我们了解掌握的还是远远不够、不成熟的。而我们也知道了并深刻的体会到了整形修剪的意义，通过合理的整形修剪，培养合理的树形，协调各树体部位间的关系平衡，改善树体的营养状况，达到早结果、早丰产和长期的优质、稳产、高效益的栽培目的。涉及重大决策事项、重要人事任免、重大项目安排和大额度资金使用等，具有决策、行政执法、行政许可、部门管理等决策、审批、自由裁量、事务管理决定权的领导岗位。To sum up, is divided into 9 main parts: 1. with regard to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. 18 since the XIOn more than one occasion, General Secretary of the historical origin and development process of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, System Info, system, uphold and develop the understanding of socialism with Chinese characteristics is determined to have been profoundly expounded, further strengthened the party and the people adhere to and develop the confidence and determination of the socialism with Chinese characteristics. XI General Secretarys speech in this regard include the peoples yearning for a better life, that is our goal, closely focus on the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics study and publicize the spirit of party 18, the unwaveringly adhere to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the persistence and good use of Mao Ze-Dongs thought of soul. 2. with regard to the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 closing soon, the new Central collective leadership when they visited the exhibition of the road to recovery, XI, General Secretary of the solemn declaration the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times. Zhihou, on more than one occasion, General Secretary expounded the scientific connotation of Chinese dream, realize the Chinese dream must take the road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion of Chinese forces, gradually formed the China dream, a strategic thought. And practice with the Chinese dream, reflects the history of the new session of the CPC Central Committee, and conforms to the development trend and the people hope, embodies the greatest common divisor and the consensus of Chinese people at home and abroad, inspiring all peoples forging ahead in unity, the spirit of unswervingly follow the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics flags and high melody. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including achieved Chinese great revival is Chinese modern yilai most great of dream in 12th session national peoples Congress first time