船长航运法规与业务题库

1702船长班第七章-航运法规与业务-02,101、Theconsigneesrefusaltotakedelivery,orfailuretodosowithinareasonabletime,alsoputsanendtoliabilityasacarrier.A.theshipownersB.thecharterersC.theshipagentsD.thecargoownersKey:A收货人拒绝提货或者在合理时间内不履行的，也终止了船东作为承运人的责任。102、Amortgageeonlyentitledtoallthefreightwhichtheshipisinthecourseofearning,whenhispossessionoftheshipcomesinto-being.A.sustains支撑;维持B.maintainsC.becomesD.hasKey:C抵押权人只有在其拥有船舶时，才有权享有该船舶在盈利过程中的所有运费。103、UndertheCarriageofGoodsbySeaActof1936,avesselwillbeliablefordamagetoacargowhenthedamagearisesfrom.A.unseaworthinesswhensailingB.insufficientpackingC.quarantinedelaysD.mismanagementofthevesselKey:A航行时船舶不适航/包装不足/检疫延误/船舶管理不善,104.UndertheCarriageofGoodsbySeaActof1936,avesselwillbeliablefordamagetocargowhenthedamagearisesfrom.A.anactofwarB.lackofventilationintransitC.perilsoftheseaD.anerrorinnavigationKey:B105、UndertheCarriageofGoodsbySeaActof1936,avesselwillbeliablefordamagetocargowhenthedamagearisesoutof.A.poorstowageofcargoinacontainerB.firecausedbylightningC.overloadingD.inherentviceKey:C集装箱中货物积载不良/雷击火/超载/固有缺陷106、NeitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleforlossordamagearisingorresultingfromAct,neglect,ordefaultoftheortheservantsofthecarrierinthenavigationorinthemanagementoftheship.A.masterB.master,marinerC.master,mariner,pilotD.master,pilotKey:C无论是承运人还是船舶，都不负责在航行或管理船舶时船长、水手、引航员或承运人的雇人的行为、疏忽或违约所造成或造成的损失或损害。,闪电,107、objectorrelyingontheprotectionofthelimitationrulescanbeachievedbytheinclusion(包含)inthecontractofcarriageoftheso-called“Himalayaclause”A.AnemployeeofacarriersB.TheservantofacarriersC.ThepilotsD.TheindependentcontractorsKey:D承运人的雇员/承运人的雇员/引航员的/独立订约人拓展：在国际经济法当中，海牙规则、维斯比规则、汉堡规则是国际货物运输法非常重要的组成部分。而承认了“喜马拉雅条款”合法性则是这三个规则少有的几个共同点之一。喜马拉雅条款（Himalayasclause），来自“阿德勒诉狄克逊”（Adlerv.Dickson）一案。该案中，阿德勒夫人是一名游客，在搭乘P奸诈transactions事务;处理(transaction的名词复数);交易;议事录instantaneous瞬间的;即刻的;猝发的bedelayed缠身documentation记录;证明某事属实的证据;参考资料;文献的编集,116、TheConventionallowspartiesinthelinertradegreaterfreedomofcontractwherethisisappropriatewhileatthesametimegivingprotectionwhereneeded.A.mandatoryB.minimumC.maximumD.adhocKey:A公约允许班轮运输行业的当事人在适当的情况下获得更大的合同自由，同时在必要时给予强制保护linertrade班轮运输mandatoryprotection强制保护freedomofcontract订约自由adhoc特设的;特别的;临时的117.Abillofladingcouldbewhichofthefollowing?I.Aproofoftheexistenceofcontract.II.Areceipt.III.Anegotiableinstrument.A.IandIIIonlyB.landIIonlyC.IIandIIIonlyD.I,IIandIIIKey:D合同存在的证明/收据/可转让票据negotiableinstrument可转移票据，可流通票据;可过户证券,118.AnyShippercaninsistuponthebillofladingincorporatingastatementasto_ofthegoods.A.reasonableorderandconditionB.apparentorderandconditionC.rationalorderandconditionD.goodorderandconditionKey:B所有托运者都可以坚持主张在提单上带有有关货物外表状况的描述Incorporatevt.结合,包括,插入asto关于,至于119.Asinthecaseofavoyagecharter-party,itisimpliedinthebillofladingthatthevoyagemustbeprosecutedwith_A.operationalcustomB.rationalpracticeC.duediligenceD.reasonabledispatchKey:D按照航次租船契约的情况，提单中暗示着合理速遣应该被实施。（按租程合同，须合理地尽快地安排该航次）Prosecutev.起诉,实施,追诉,120、Ifanycargoisfoundnotingoodorder.A.itisusuallycancelledB.itsbillofladingnotsignedC.theshipperpaysforitD.aremarkismadeforitKey:D假如发现货物状况不好，应被批注。121.Incaseofinconsistencybetweenthisbillofladingandtheapplicabletariff,thisbillofladingshall.A.prevailB.provideC.applyD.supplyKey:A假如提单和实际的运价表之间不一致时，应以提单为准。inconsistency不一致，不协调;前后矛盾，不一贯tariff关税;关税表;价格表;征收关税;定税率;定收费标准122.Ithasneverbeensettledwhetherdeliveryofabillofladingwhichismarkednon-negotiabletitle.A.translatesB.transfersC.transportsD.transactsKey:B不能被确定转让了标明不可流通的提单是否转移了所有权。转化;翻译/传输;转让;转移/运送,流放/办理;交易,谈判,123、TheBillofLadingisdescribedasiftheshipownersagreethatthecargowerereceivedonboardingoodcondition.A.cleanB.clearC.tidyD.undirtyKey:A假如船东认同被收到在船的货物状况良好，则提单被描述为清洁提单124.Thebillofladingisprimafacieevidencethequantityofgoodsallegedtohavebeenshippedhasbeenshippedinfact.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whileKey:A提单是宣称数量的货物已被装船并存在于船上的事实的初步证据。125.Thedeclarationmadebytheshipper,ifembodiedinthebilloflading,is_evidence,butisnotbindingorconclusiveonthecarrierA.absoluteB.importantC.decisiveD.primafacieKey:D假如托运人在提单中的具体声明，则它是初步证据，但它对承运人没有约束或决定性。embodiedinvt.概括在.里bindingadj.应遵守的conclusiven.最后的,结论性的Thisregulationisbindingoneverybody.本规则皆须遵守。,126、Theliability_freightreservedinthebillofladingisprimarilyontheshipperofthegoods,unlesshewasmerelyactingasagentandmadethisclearatthetime.A.forpayingB.topayC.paying.D.forbeingpaidKey:A保留在提单上的支付运费的责任主要涉及货物的托运人，除非他当时仅扮演一个代理的角色办完手续。liabilityfordamagetoproperty对财产损失的责任127.Themaster_indeliveringthegoodstotheconsigneenamedinthebillofladingonproductionthereof,ortothefirstpersonwhopresentsaproperlyindorsedbilloflading.A.justifiesB.justifiedC.isjustifyingD.isjustifiedKey:D船长将相关的货物交付给提单中指定的收货人或提供适合背书提单的第一人被认为是正确的。,128、Themasterisnotboundtoshowinthebilloflading_ofthegoodsshippedonboardhisvessel.A.thenumberofpackagesB.thenumberofweightC.boththenumberofpackagesandoftheweightD.neitherthenumberofthepackagesnoroftheweightKey:C应该被注意到，船长没有责任说明货物的件数和重量。（注意，船长不必即说明货物的件数又说明货物的重量）beboundto必定,一定129.Themostaccurateaccountofcargoonboardwillbefoundinthe.A.manifestB.charterpartyC.billofladingD.portagebill水陆联运单Key:C船上货物最准确的记载将见提单130.Theoriginalbilloflading,oncesignedbythemaster,isNOT.A.areceiptandproofthatgoodshavebeenreceivedonboardB.surrendered(电子放单)tothecustomsagency(报关行)ofthecountrywherethecargoisdischargedC.usedtotransferownershipofthecargowhiletheshipisenrouteD.proofoftitleorownershipofthecargoKey:B货物已在船上收到的收据和证明/向货物出口国的海关机构移交货物/用来转移货物的所有权在航行途中/货物所有权或所有权证明,131、Asinthecaseofavoyagecharter-party,itisimpliedinallbillsofladingthat_willbemadefromthecontractualrouteunlesssuchdeviationisjustified.A.deviationB.nodeviationC.navigationD.nonavigationKey:B像在航次租船的情况下，对于合同规定的航线将不产生绕航被暗示在所有的提单中，除非这类绕航被证明是正当的。contractualrouten.合同规定的航线justifiedadj.有理,合理132.Whichisanegotiabledocument?A.Billoflading.B.Cargomanifest.C.Exportdeclaration.D.Receivingreport.KEY:A转让文件133.meansadocumentwhichevidencesacontractofcarriagebyseaandthetakingoverorloadingofthegoodsbythecarrier,andbywhichthecarrierundertakestodeliverthegoodsagainstsurroundofthedocument.A.BillofladingB.Billofexchange汇票C.MatesreceiptD.ManifestKEY:A提单是指证明海上运输合同和承运人接管或装载货物的单据，承运人根据该单据文件交付货物,134、Acargoexceptionwouldappearon.A.aBillofLading.B.thecargomanifest.C.the-ExportDeclaration.D.aLetterofIndemnity.赔偿保证书Key:A一个货物例外条款将出现在提货单上135.Acontractofaffreightmentisa.A.billofladingB.bottomrybondC.manifestD.portagebillKEY:A租船合同是提单contractofaffreightment租船契约bottomrybond押船借款契约portage陆上运输，陆上运输路线;水陆联运，两水路间运送136.Ashipperofcargoaboardyourvesseloffersaletterofindemnityforthecargo.Thisisdoneinordertoobtaina(n).A.cleanbilloflading清洁提单B.orderbilloflading指示提单C.straightbilloflading记名提单D.throughbilloflading联运提单KEY:A船上货物的托运人提供货物的赔偿保证书,137、Atransferofabillofladingwiththeintentionofpassingthepropertyinthegoodstherightsandliabilitiesunderthecontractofcarriage.A.transferredB.didnottransferC.recovered重新获得D.didnotrecoveredKey:B以转移货物所有权为目的的提单的转让不能转移运输合同下的权利与责任。138.Avesselloads100tonsofglassjars.Themateonwatchdiscoversthatsomeofthecartonshavebeendamagedandhasanexceptionmadeonthebilloflading.Whatisthisdocumentcalled?A.Damagebilloflading.损害提单B.Letterofindemnity.保函C.Non-negotiablebilloflading.不可转让提单D.Uncleanbilloflading.不清洁提单Key:D一艘船装载了100吨的玻璃罐。值班驾驶员发现有些纸箱已损坏，提单上有例外情况。这份文件叫什么？aLetterofindemnity赔偿保证书Non-negotiablebilloflading不可转让提单，不能背书的提单anexception又作别论,139、Whichofthefollowingbillsofladingisalwaysnegotiable?A.Orderbilloflading-指示提单B.Cleanbilloflading-清洁提单C.Straightbilloflading-记名提单D.Throughbilloflading-联运提单Key:A以下哪个提单永远可流通？指示提单140.Afterreceivingthegoodsintohischargethecarrierorthemasteroragentofthecarriershall,ondemandoftheshipper,issuetotheshippera.A.documentB.recordC.billofladingD.statementoffactKey:C在收到货物后，承运人或船长或承运人代理人应托运人的要求，向托运人签发提单。A.文档B.记录C.提单D.事实声明141.Animpliedwarrantyofseaworthinessonthepartofthevesselsownerliesinthe_A.CargoManifestB.CertificateofInspectionC.ClassificationCertificateD.billofladingKey:D船舶适航保证的默视在于运输合同如提单中。impliedwarrantyofseaworthiness英汉大词典默示适航保证liein在于,处于,142、TheB/Lisissuedtotherightsoftheownersorchartererstorelyontheshipsmeasurementsaforesaidasevidenceofthequantityactuallyshipped.A.withoutprejudice没有偏见B.withinprejudice在偏见C.offprejudice从偏见D.onprejudice偏见KEY:A发放提单对船东或承租人的权利是无偏见的，依靠船的测量上述证据的实际装运数量发行。143._anythingprovidedforinClause7and8ofthisbillofladingandsubjecttoClause17,ifitcanbeprovedwherethelossordamageoccurredthecarrierandthemerchantshall,astotheliabilityofthecarrier,beentitledtorequiresuchliabilitytobedeterminedbytheprovisionscontainedinanyrelevantinternationalconventionornationallaw.A.NotwithstandingB.WhatsoeverC.WhereaboutD.NeverthelessKey:A尽管有本提单条款7和8中的规定和条款17的条件,假如能够证明发生的损失或损坏，关于承运人的责任，承运人和货主有权要求这样的责任由包含在国际公约或国家法律中相关的规定来确定。notwithstanding虽然,尽管whatsoever无论什么whereabout下落,行踪,所在之处,在何处nevertheless然而;尽管如此,144、_theheadingcombinedtransportbilloflading,theprovisionssetoutandreferredtointhisbilloflading,shallalsoapplywherethetransportasdescribedonthefaceoftheB/Lisperformedbyonemodeoftransportonly,andinsuchcircumstances,theliabilityofthecarriershallbelimitedtothepartofthetransportperformedbyhim.A.NotwithstandingB.WhatsoeverC.WhereaboutD.NeverthelessKey:A尽管标题为联合运输提单，在提单中陈述和引用的规定应也仅适用于提单面上描述的一种运输方式，在这种情况下，承运人的责任应被限制在其完成运输方式的那一段145.Avesselloads5,000tonsofmanganeseore.Therailroadcarsthatbroughttheoretothevesselwerepreviouslyloadedwithironoresotheoreiscontaminated.Theagentrequeststhemastertosignacleanbillofladingandinreturntheshipperwill.A.signacleanbillofladingandaccepttheletterofindemnityB.refusetosignacleanbillofladingC.signthecleanbillofladingandhavetheagentcountersignitD.signacleanbillofladingunderprotestKey:B一艘船装载了5000吨锰矿石。把矿石运到船上的铁路车辆以前装载了铁矿石，所以矿石被污染了。代理人要求船长签署一份清洁提单，作为回报，托运人将拒绝签署清洁提单。A.签署清洁提单并接受保函B.拒绝签署清洁提单C.签提单清洁提单和代理会签D.在抗议时签署清洁提单。,146.AccordingCOSCOB/L,anyinoroffportsofloadingorportofdischargeshallbefortheaccountofthemerchant.A.WharfageB.lighterageC.pilotageD.buoyageKey:B根据中远提单，装卸港任何驳运费应计入厂家帐户lighterage驳运，驳运费Wharfage码头pilotage引航;领港;引水buoyage浮标装置，浮标安置方法147、Accordingtobilloflading,theweight,measure,marks,numbers,quality,contentsandvalue,beingparticularsfurnishedby_arenotcheckedbythecarrieronloading.A.theShipownerB.theChartererC.thereceiverD.theshipperKey:D根据提单，货物的重量，尺寸，标记，编号，质量，内容和价值的详细资料由托运人提供，这些在装货时承运人不再检查。,148、Actualinsertionofthevalueinthebillofladingisnecessaryiftheshipper_morethanthemaximumsumperpackageorunit.A.wishtoobtainB.wishobtainingC.wishestoobtainD.wishesobtainingKey:C在提单中实际插入货物价值是必要的，假如托运人希望获得多于每件或每单元的最高金额。If条件从句中的主语theshipper为第三人称单数，其谓语为wishes+不定式toobtain。sum总数,和,金额149.AlldisputesarisingunderorinconnectionwithChinaOceanShippingCompanyBillofLadingClausesshallbedetermined_A.byinternationallawinthecourtsoforbyarbitrationinanycountrythedefendantchooses.B.byHagueRulesC.byNewJasonClausesD.byChineselawinthecourtsoforbyarbitrationin.thePRCKey:D所有发生在中远提单下或与其有关的任何争议须在中国法院或仲裁机构解决。disputes纠纷arising上升arbitratein在.方面进行仲裁,就.进行仲裁,150、Ifthebillofladingcontainsthewordsweightandquantityunknown,theshipperMUSTthatthegoodswereinfactshippedtosucceedinanactionfornon-deli-very.A.showB.makeC.getD.haveKEY:A如果提单中包含的重量和数量不详，则托运人必须表明货物实际装运成功，是为了未交付而采取的行动。151.Ifthebrokerslienofthebillofladingforhischargesinrespectofgoodsisnotsatisfiedbeforethegoodshavereachedtheirdestination,hemayhavethegoodshomeinordertoretainhislienonthem,andisnotliabletoanyactionforsodoing.A.delivered交付B.provided假如C.brought带来D.become成为KEY:C如果经纪人在货物到达目的地之前对其货物的费用的留置权不满意，他可以将货物带回家以保留对货物的留置权，不承担由此而采取的任何行为。retain保持;留在心中，记住;雇用;付定金保留lien留置权，扣押权liableto易受，应受,152、Ifthecarrierandtheshipperhaveagreedthatthegoodsshallormaybecarriedondeck,thecarriermust_inthebillofladingastatementtothateffectA.desert-遗弃，抛弃，舍弃B.dessert-餐后甜点C.insert-插入，嵌入D.reseat-使再坐，使复位Key:C假如承运人和托运人已经协议同意货物将或可以被装于甲板上，则承运人必须将带那意思的陈述插入到提单中去。153.Inacceptingthisbillofladingtheshipper,consigneeand/ortheownersofthegoodsandtheholderofthisbilloflading,_acceptandagreetoallthisstipulations,conditionsandexceptions,whetherwritten,printed,stampedorincorporatedonthefrontorbackhereof,asfullyasiftheywereallsignedbysuchshipper,consignee,ownerorholder.A.necessarilyB.expectivelyC.expresslyD.intentionallyKey:C接收本提单的托运人，收货人和/或货主和本提单的持有者，明确地接受和同意所有这些的规定，条件和免除，无论书写，打印，复印或被合编在此前面或后面具有完全的效力假如它们被这些托运人，收货人，船东或提单持有人确认。expressly明白地,特别地,清楚地intentionally有意地，故意地stipulations款项,条款,条文hereof(adv.)于此；关于此点,154、InaccordancewithCOSCOB/L,alldues,taxesandchargesoranyotherexpensesinconnectionwiththegoodsshallbepaidbythe.A.merchantB.shipperC.carrierD.chartererKEY:A根据中远提单，所有与货物有关的税费、费用或其他费用应由商家支付。155.Innocasetofunctionasadocumentoftitle.A.abillofladingdoesnotfailB.doesnotabillofladingfailC.doesabillofladingfailD.abillofladingdoesfailKEY:C提单在任何情况下都不能作为所有权凭证行使156.Sometimesthebillofladingreferstotheloadingmarksinscribedonthegoods,andsometimesthereastatementastotheirquality.A.hasB.providesC.isD.suppliesKey:C提单中有时涉及到货物的标志，有时还存在有关货物质量的陈述。inscribedadj.内切的；记名的；有铭刻的v.题写；雕刻；内切,157、Theshallbeentitled,butundernoobligation,toopenanycontaineratanytimeandtoinspectthecontents.A.ShipperB.merchantC.carrierD.consignerKEY:C承运人有权，但无义务随时打开任何集装箱，并检查其内容。158.Thedeclarationmadebytheshipper,ifembodiedinthebilloflading,isevidence,butisnotbindingorconclusiveonthecarrier.A.absoluteB.importantC.decisiveD.primafacieKEY:D托运人所作的声明，如果体现在提单上，是初步证据，但对承运人没有约束力或结论性。primafacieevidence初步的证据absolute绝对的，完全的;decisive决定性的;坚定的;果断的159.ThedefenceandlimitsofliabilityprovidedforinCOSCOcontainerbillofladingshallapplyinanyactionagainstthecarrierforlossordamagetotheGoodswhethertheactionbefounded.A.intheshippingindustries在航运业B.inshippingbusiness在航运业务C.inthecarriagebysea海上运输D.incontractorintort在合同或侵权中KEY:D对集装箱运输货物的灭失或损坏，无论是在合同中还是在侵权行为中，对于承运人在货物灭失或损坏方面的任何诉讼，均应适用于中远集装箱提单的抗辩和限制。,160、Thedefencesandlimitsofliability_inthisbillofladingshallapplyinanyactionagainstthecarrierforlossofordamagetothegoodswhethertheactionbefoundedincontractorintort.A.required需要B.providedforC.requested请求D.supplied补充供给Key:B提单中提供的抗辩和责任限制适用于任何针对承运人的货物损失或损害的无论是基于契约的还是民事的诉讼。defencesandlimitsofliabilityn.根据责任范围提出的抗辩tort侵权行为(不包括违背契约)161.TheGoodsmaybestowedbythecarrierincontainersorsimilarusedtoconsolidateGoods.A.articlesoftransport物品运输B.equipments设备C.Installations装置D.instruments仪器Key:A货物可以由承运人存放在用于合并货物的集装箱或类似运输物品中。consolidate统一;把合成一体，合并;巩固,162、Theliability_freightreservedinthebillofladingisprimarilyontheshipperofthegoods,unlesshewasmerelyactingasagentandmadethisclearatthetime.A.forpayingB.topayC.paying.D.forbeingpaidKey:A保留在提单上的支付运费的责任主要涉及货物的托运人，除非他当时仅扮演一个代理的角色办完手续。(题库选B)liabilityfordamagetoproperty对财产损失的责任163.Themaster_indeliveringthegoodstotheconsigneenamedinthebillofladingonproductionthereof,ortothefirstpersonwhopresentsaproperlyindorsedbilloflading.A.justifiesB.justifiedC.isjustifyingD.isjustifiedKey:D船长将相关的货物交付给提单中指定的收货人或提供适合背书提单的第一人被认为是正确的。thereof其;它的;关于那;由此,164、Themasterisnotboundtoshowinthebilloflading_ofthegoodsshippedonboardhisvessel.A.thenumberofpackagesB.thenumberofweightC.boththenumberofpackagesandoftheweightD.neitherthenumberofthepackagesnoroftheweightKey:C应该被注意到，船长没有责任说明货物的件数和重量。（注意，船长不必即说明货物的件数又说明货物的重量）beboundto必定,一定(与128重复)165.Themostaccurateaccountofcargoonboardwillbefoundinthe.A.manifestB.charterpartyC.billofladingD.portagebill水陆联运单Key:C船上货物最准确的记载将见提单(与129重复),166、Theoriginalbilloflading,oncesignedbythemaster,isNOT.A.areceiptandproofthatgoodshavebeenreceivedonboardB.surrenderedtothecustomsagencyofthecountrywherethecargoisdischargedC.usedtotransferownershipofthecargowhiletheshipisenrouteD.proofoftitleorownershipofthecargoKEY:B货物已在船上收到的收据和证明/向货物出口国的海关机构移交货物/用来转移货物的所有权在航行途中/货物所有权或所有权证明(与130重复)167.Undermodernconditionsthebillofladingisusuallybytheloadingbroker,butsometimesbythemaster,acknowledgingthequantityandconditionofthegoodswhenputonboard.A.markedB.writtenC.signedD.typedKEY:C在现代条件下，提单通常由装船经纪人签字，但有时由船长在装船时确认货物的数量和条件。Marked显著的，著名的;有记号的;加印记的;受监视的written书面的;写成文字的;明显受到影响typed打字(type的过去式和过去分词);按类型把归类;成为的典型,168、Unlessthenatureandvalueofthegoodshavebeendeclaredbytheshipperbeforeshipmentandinsertedinthebilloflading,shallinanyeventbeorbecomeliableforanylossordamagetoorinconnectionwiththegoodsinanamountexceeding666.67unitsperpackageorfreightunit.A.neitherthecarriernortheshipB.theshipperC.theconsignor发货人D.theconsignee收货人Key:A除非货物的性质和价值已宣布由托运人在货物装运前和插在提单，承运人或船舶不得在任何事件或成为任何损失或与超过666.67单位每包或货运单位货物或损害承担责任。169.Whereanygold,silver,watches,jewelsorpreciousstonesonboardtheshiparelostordamagedbyreasonoftheft,robberyorotherdishonestconductandtheirnatureandvaluewerenotatthetimeofshipmentdeclaredbytheirownerorshippertotheownerormasteroftheshipinthebillofladingorotherwiseinwriting_willnotbeliableA.theshipperB.theShipownerC.thecargoownerD.thereceiverKey:B假如任何在船上的金，银，手表，珠宝或宝石由于偷盗，掠夺或不诚实行为和它们的性质和价值在装船时没有被货主或其托运人或船长在提单中或其它书面的声明而损坏或损失，则船东不负责任。,170、Asinthecaseofavoyagecharter-party,itisimpliedinallbillsofladingthat_willbemadefromthecontractualrouteunlesssuchdeviationisjustified.(与131重复)A.deviationB.nodeviationC.navigationD.nonavigationKey:B像在航次租船的情况下，对于合同规定的航线将不产生绕航被暗示在所有的提单中，除非这类绕航被证明是正当的。contractualrouten.合同规定的航线justifiedadj.有理,合理171.AtradecustomhasbeenprovedtotheeffectthatintradebetweenSarawakandSingaporematesreceipts_universallyadoptedasdocumentsoftitleasinsamewayasbillsoflading.A.areB.takesC.makesD.hasKey:A一个贸易惯例已经被证明有效，大副收据作为与提单一样的物权凭证获得广泛接受在Sarawak和Singapore之间航行。tradecustom贸易惯例,商业惯例documentsoftitle物权凭证,172.“Merchant”includestheshipper,theholderofthebillofladingandtheowneroftheGoods.A.thereceiver,theconsignor,theconsigneeB.theshipowner,thecharterer,thereceiverC.thecarrier,theconsignor,thereceiverD.thereceiver,thecarrier,theshipownerKEY:A“货方”（MERCHANT）包括发货人，托运人，受货人，货主，提单的持有人和货物所有人。中远集运提单背面条款-2173、Ifthegoodsareunclaimedduringareasonabletime,thecarriermay,athisdiscretionandsubjecttohislien,andwithoutanyresponsibilityattachingtohim,suchgoodssolelyattheriskandexpenseofthemerchant.A.sellB.abandonC.sell,abandonordisposeofD.disposeofKEY:C如果货物在合理的时间内无人认领，承运人可以自行决定并服从其留置权，并且不负任何责任，仅以厂家的风险和费用出售、抛弃或处理此种货物。unclaimed无人要求的/所有主不明的discretion慎重;考虑周到attaching贴上，附上lien留置权，扣押权,174、InanyeventtheCarrierandthevesselshallbedischargedfromallliabilityinrespectoflossordamageunlesssuitisbroughtwithinafterdeliveryofthegoodsorthedatewhenthegoodsshouldhavebeendelivered.A.twoyearsB.halfayearC.ayearandahalfD.oneyearKey:D承运人和船舶在任何情况下，应解除对所有损失或损害的赔偿责任，除非交付货物或日