4、SCI科研论文英语写作全攻略12节视频pptw 06

第 六 章 实验论文写作 -假说的重要性 Kevin主讲人 本节课程概要 实验论文写作概览假说的重要性如何写好假说 123 实验论文写作概览 概览 酝酿和计划 材料的收集和整理 制定大纲（outline） 定稿 写出初稿 核对引文与格式修改 写作顺序 Figures/Tables Materials and Methods Results Other sections Discussion Abstract Introduction/ Background The hypothesis or purpose of your study （假说、研究目标的设定) 假说是文章的灵魂 No clear explanation of why the study was performed 未解释为何进行这项研究 手稿常见问题 Complete absence of hypothesis or purpose statement 没有假说 Hypothesis or purpose statement mutates in the course of the manuscript 行文中假说发生变化 假说是文章的灵魂 Your hypothesis or purpose statement should appear twice once in your Abstract and once in your Introduction 在Abstract或Introduction分别陈述一次假说 Helpful Hints The words in your conclusion should mirror those in your hypothesis or purpose statement Conclusion里的行文要呼应假说 The words in your title should mirror those in your hypothesis or purpose statement and conclusion 题目要呼应假说/结论 假说是文章的灵魂 Clarifies your papers message 澄清作用 Keeping your hypothesis or purpose statement in mind while you write will help you stay focused. Eliminates extraneous material not directly relevant to your hypothesis or purpose statement 剔除不相关的材料 Helps limit the data and references you assemble to only what is relevant. 提炼相关的材料 Stating the hypothesis or purpose of your study （建立假说） 建立假说 Every good scientific paper includes a statement that clearly explains why the study was performed. hypothesis statement （假说） purpose statement （实验目的） This statement can be a 连接未知问题和结论 Such a statement establishes the link between a studys gap in knowledge and its conclusion Hypothesis or Purpose Statement 1 2 3 建立假说 E.g. We hypothesized that collagen XVIII expression correlates with serum endostatin levels in patients with non small-cell lung cancer. The studys data will either support or contradict the hypothesis. 假说直觉科学构想可检验的预测 A hypothesis=+ A hunch An Educated guess A testable prediction 建立假说 We, Our We hypothesized that collagen XVIII expression correlates. Our hypothesis was that collagen XVIII expression correlates. Avoid “It was hypothesized that.” The first verb is in the past tense. Why? 第一 个动词使用过去式 We hypothesized that collagen XVIII expression. The second verb is in the present tense. Why? 第二个动词使用现在式 We hypothesized that collagen XVIII expression correlates with serum endostatin levels A hypothesis statement usually has two verbs. Usually, either the word hypothesis or hypothesized should be used. The statement uses the first person （第一人称）. 建立假说 We hypothesized that a cross-species genetic screen can be developed to identify negative regulators of Cdc42p in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We hypothesized that the use of erythromycin is associated with the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes and that this risk increases with the concurrent use of strong inhibitors of CYP3A. Some studies have one central hypothesis and one or more sub- hypotheses 多个分假说 Avoid Contrived Hypothesis Statements 发展实验方法不是假说 建立假说 We hypothesized that a cross-species genetic screen can be developed to identify negative regulators of Cdc42p in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We hypothesized that the use of erythromycin is associated with the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes and that this risk increases with the concurrent use of strong inhibitors of CYP3A. Some studies have one central hypothesis and one or more sub- hypotheses 多个分假说 Avoid Contrived Hypothesis Statements 发展实验方法不是假说 建立假说 We examined whether the level ofcirculatingtumorcellsis associatedwithsurvivalin metastatic breast cancer. We examined the level of circulating tumor cells and survival in metastatic breast cancer. Creating Hypothesis/Purpose Statements: Sample solution: 建立假说 Hypoxia,whichactivateshypoxia- induciblefactor-1alpha(HIF-1),is associated with a number of cellular changes, including increased apoptotic resistance. We hypothesized that HIF- 1 is central to the cells ability to resist apoptosis induced during the hypoxia selection process. Hypoxia, which activates hypoxia- inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1), is associated with a number of cellular changes including increased apoptotic resistance. Cells can resist apoptosis induc