新视野大学英语第四册读写教程

BriberyandBusinessEthics,Unit6:SectionA,BackgroundInformation,TextStudy,Summary,Writing,Lead-in,Lead-in,Ourtopictodayis“Bribery”.Likeitornot,almosteverydaywitnessesreportsaboutgovernmentofficialsaccusedoftakingbribes.Ineffect,briberyhasbecomeaninternationaldisease.Astheworldtradegrows,sodoesbribery.Todayletstakeacloserlookintotheissue:,QuestionAnswering,Whydostudentssometimesfeelsurprisedwhentheyfindbusinessethicsareincludedinthecontentoftheirbusinesscourse?,Becausetheydontknowhowserioustheproblemofbriberyis.,2.Whatwillthemanagerofacompanydoifhedecidestogiveuphisprinciplesinanegotiationwithsomegovernmentofficials?,Hewillbribetheofficials.,3.Whyarepracticessuchaspayingagentsandpurchasersanexaggeratedcommission,andofferingadditionaldiscountsdescribedas“questionable”?,Becausethesepracticesarelikelytobemorallywrongandmaybecertainformsofbribery.,4.Whatmightaforeigncompanydoiftheywanttosellarmstoacompany?,5.Whatdoes“acopywithapreface”mentionedinParagraph7referto?,Itreferstoarareeditionofabookwith$20,000slippedwithinitspages.,6.HastheICCfinallytakenactiontoprohibitbribery?Why?,No.BecauseitsmembershavedifferentopinionsaboutthedutiesoftheICC.,7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?,Briberyseemsinevitableinthebusinesscircles.,Briberyinvariousformsisontheincreaseandhasbecomeafactofcommerciallife.Onthewhole,thebriberycanfallintothreecategories:1stforpoliticalpurposesortosecuremajorcontracts;2ndtoobtainquickerofficialapprovalofsomeprojects;and3rdtoobtainhelpwiththepassageofabusinessdeal.Tobanbribery,ICCfavorsacodeofconduct.However,theICCmembersareofdifferentopinions.Theheadacheisstilltheretostayinbusiness.,Whatisthetextmainlyabout?,Back,Howisthetextorganized?,Thewholepassageisorganizedinproblem-analysis-solutionpattern.Itisbroadlyputintothreeparts:part1(paras1-4):briberyhasbecomeacommonoccurrenceinmanycountries,part2(paras5-8):threemaincategoriesofbribery,par3(paras9-11):theeffortstobanbriberyandtheresult.,Back,下一页,在增长中,1.ontheincrease(L.3),在中国，拥有私车的人数不断增长。,ThenumberofpeoplewhoownprivatecarsisontheincreaseinChina.,下一页,上一页,II.FocusStudy,明确向某人表示；明确告知某人,2.tomakeitcleartosb.that(L.6),信息技术对社会的巨大影响表明我们正生活在信息时代。,TheimmenseinfluenceofITonoursocietymakesitclearthatwearelivingintheInformationAge.,下一页,上一页,3.put:vt.expressorstatesthinaparticularway,-简单地说，我们接受他们破产的提议。-他太相信别人，换句话说，他毫无商业头脑。,-Toputitsimply,weaccepttheiroffertogobankrupt.-Hewastootrusting/credulous,or,toputitinanotherway,hehadnoheadforbusiness.,下一页,上一页,下一页,上一页,4.standby(L8),Weshouldnotstandbywhenourfriendsareintrouble.,朋友有难的时候，我们不应该袖手旁观。,tonotdoanythingtohelpsomeoneorpreventsomethingfromhappening,下一页,上一页,4.standby(L8),虽然别人怀疑，她仍然信守她所说的每一句话。,Shestillstandsbyeverywordshesaidthoughothersdoubtit.,tokeepapromise,agreementetc,ortosaythatsomethingisstilltrue,下一页,上一页,4.standby(L8),Iowesomuchtomyfamilyforstandingbymethroughallthis.,tosupportsb.orbefriendswiththem,evenindifficultsituations,我非常感激我的家人，他们支持我经历了所有这一切。,下一页,上一页,5.numberedbankaccount,Abankaccountwhichisopenedbyusinganumberinsteadofanameinordertokeepthenameofthedepositorsecret.,匿名账户,下一页,上一页,6.underinvestigation(L34)intheprocessofbeinginvestigated,under,threatpressureattacksuspicion,受到威胁,压力之下,受到攻击,遭到怀疑,下一页,上一页,7.hitupontothinkofanideaunexpectedly,她突然为自己的新小说想出了这个绝好的名字。我们终于找到了解决方法。,Wefinallyhituponasolution.,Shehitupontheperfecttitleforhernewnovel.,Back,典型例句,意群提示,逆译练习,通常情况下，科学家们许多偶然的发现，实际上是其多年努力的必然结果。,generallyspeaking/ineffect/anaturalresultofsth./onesmanyyearsofefforts,Generallyspeaking,manydiscoveriesscientistshituponare,ineffect,anaturalresultoftheirmanyyearsofefforts.,下一页,上一页,在这种情况下保持沉默就等于是支持发言者。,Keepingsilentinthiscaseamountstosupportingthespeaker.,8.amounttotobeequalinquantityorinmeaning,上一页,9.squarewithtomaketwoideas,factsagreewitheachother;toagreeortobeconsistentwithanotheridea,fact,Hisstatementdoesntsquarewiththefacts.,Theyhavetriedtopersuademetojointhem,butIcantsquareitwithmyconscience.,他们极力劝说我和他们一起干，但是我没办法违背自己的良心。,Summary,EnglishEquivalentsofChinese,CreativeApplicationofTypicalExpressions,FurtherApplicationofTypicalPatterns,Summary,TextStudySummary,Briberyinvariousformsisonthe_inmanycountries,andevenawayoflifeforcenturies.Ifanofficialclearlytellsthatifyouofferhima_bribe,youlleasilygetanimportlicenseandavoid“proceduredelays”,doyou_or_yourprinciples?Briberyandotherquestionablepaymentsindeedhavebecomeafactof_life.Wedividethesepaymentsinto_broadcategories.Thefirstcategoryconsistsofsubstantialpaymentsmadefor_purposesortosecuremajor_.Thesecondcategorycoverspaymentsmadetoobtainquickerofficial_,commercial,three,payup,standby,substantial,increase,political,contracts,approval,ofsomeproject,to_thewheelofgovernment.Thethirdcategoryinvolvespaymentsmadeintocountrieswhereitistraditionaltopaypeopletohelpwiththe_ofabusinessdeal.Buthowtoprohibitbriberyinallitsforms?ICCfavorsacodeofconductthatwouldbanthe_and_ofbribes.Unfortunately,opinionsdifferamongthemembersofICCconcerninghowto_thecode.Anyway,todaysbusinessmanwillfrequentlymeetsituationswhereitisdifficultto_hisbusinessinterests_hismoralconscience.,giving,seeking,TextStudySummary,speedup,passage,enforce,square,with,paymoneysecretlymakesth.movequicklydoubtfulcantgetoutofcarryoutbemadeupof,payupinprivatespeedupquestionablebecaughtinenforceconsistof,OldtoNew,WordsandExpressionsOldtoNew,ChinesetoEnglish,帐户否认指控撤销某种形式赞同，支持一大笔钱,bankaccountrejectchargeswithdrawonekindoranotherinsupportof/favoralargesumofmoney,WordsandExpressionsCtoE,资助完成交易禁止区分贪赃枉法,financecloseadealbandistinguishbetweenandonthetake,WordsandExpressionsCtoE,汉英互译,短语活用,句式应用,随笔,EnglishEquivalentsofChinese,汉英互译,短语活用,句式应用,随笔,CreativeApplicationofTypicalExpressions,ontheincrease,inprivate,tothrowout,tohitupon/on,tosquarewith,原句:AninterestingexampleofthiskindofpaymentisprovidedbythestoryofasalesmanagerwhohadbeentryingforsomemonthstosellroadmachinerytotheMinisterofWorksofaCaribbeancountry.(L.44),Sentencepatterns,下一页,上一页,有个故事是说明这类支出的有趣例子：有个销售经理几个月来一直试图向加勒比地区一个国家的建工部长推销道路工程机械。,Back,Aninteresting/striking/typicalexampleofisprovidedbythestoryofsb.who有个故事是说明的有趣突出典型的例子：某人,句型提炼,下一页,上一页,Back,活用例句,意群提示,有个故事是说明勤奋刻苦的典型例子：我们的先人为了学习时不打瞌睡头悬梁、锥刺骨。,onesforefather/keeponeselfawakeinstudy/tieoneshaironthehousebeam/prickonesthighwithanawl,Atypicalexampleofdiligenceisprovidedbythestoryofourforefatherswhotiedtheirhaironthehousebeamandprickedtheirthighswithawlstokeepthemselvesawakeinstudy.,Back,典型例句,意群提示,有个故事是说明伟大母爱的典型例子：搜救人员发现一位母亲在汶川地震中已经死亡，但仍然用双臂支撑着身体，从而使她身下4个月大的孩子安然无恙。,thegreatmaternallove/proponeselfupwithsth./keepsb.safeandsound,AtypicalexampleofthegreatmaternalloveisprovidedbythestoryofamotherintheWenchuanearthquakewho,whenrescuersfoundher,wasdeadbutstillproppedherselfupwithbothherarmssoastokeepherfour-month-oldchildsafeandsoundunderher.,Back,应用：追求知识与寻觅爱情不可兼容。有个故事是说明这一观点的突出例子：我从前的同桌曾被认为是班里最优秀的学生，却早在初中时就将其希望之舟驶入了一个女孩的爱情港湾。现在他正陷入深深的懊悔之中。,上一页,下一页,Back,上一页,Knowledgeseekingandromancehuntingcannotgohandinhand.Astrikingexampleoftheviewisprovidedbythestoryofmyformerdesk-matewho,oncethoughtofasthemostexcellentstudentinmyclass,begantosteerhisboatofpromiseintotheharborofagirlsloveasearlyaswhenhewasstillinthejuniormiddleschool.Nowheisdrowninghimselfindeep-feltregret.,下一页,Back,新视野大学英语,贿赂与商业道德Para.1商科学生有时对课程里包含商业道德课略感吃惊。他们通常没意识到在很多国家，形形色色的贿赂行为正日益增多。在某些国家，这已成为人们几百年来的一种生活方式。,新视野大学英语,Para.2假定在一场与政府官员的谈判中，贸易部长向你明确表示如能给他一大笔贿赂，那么你的商品拿到进口许可证就会容易得多，还可能避免他所说的“程序上的延误”。现在的问题是：你是被迫掏钱呢，还是坚持原则?,新视野大学英语,Para.3a高尚的道德标准说起来容易，但实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎么做呢?早些时候，一家英国汽车制造商被指控利用一笔基金行贿，并进行其他一些可疑运作，如给代理商和客户高额回扣、提供额外折扣、向一些在瑞士银行开的匿名账户汇款等。,新视野大学英语,Para.3b这家汽车公司否认了这些指控，后来指控也被撤销了。然而，当时英国汽车业里就有人准备私下里说：“瞧，我们这一行竞争激烈，每年我们汽车的海外销售额超过10亿英镑。如果花几百万英镑能让一些客户高兴，谁会有损失呢?我们不这样干，别人也会这样干的。”,新视野大学英语,Para.4a很容易产生这样的印象：贿赂以及其他可疑开支正日渐增多。的确，这似乎已成为商界的一个事实。仅举一例：美国第三大汽车制造企业克莱斯勒汽车公司透露，它在1971至1976年间共发生了250万美元的可疑开支。,新视野大学英语,Para.4b这一事实的披露，使克莱斯勒与其他300多家美国公司一样，向美国证券交易委员会承认自己近年曾有过某种形式的支出，像贿赂、额外打折等。为方便讨论起见，我们可将这些支出分为三大类。,新视野大学英语,Para.5第一大类是那些为政治目的或为获得大宗合同所付出的大笔款项。比如，有一家美国企业曾因可能违反美国商业法规而受调查，当时它捐出一大笔款项支持一位总统候选人。后来发现，这家