新视野大学英语第二册读写教程

Unit6:SectionAAsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!,IntensiveStudy,AsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!1Forherfirsttwenty-fouryears,shedbeenknownasDebbieanamethatdidntsuithergoodlooksandelegantmanner.“MynamehasalwaysmademethinkIshouldbeacook,”shecomplained.“IjustdontfeellikeaDebbie.”2Oneday,whilefillingoutanapplicationformforapublishingjob,theyoungwomanimpulsivelysubstitutedhermiddlename,Lynne,forherfirstnameDebbie.“ThatwasthesmartestthingIeverdid,”shesaysnow.“AssoonasIstoppedcallingmyselfDebbie,Ifeltmorecomfortablewithmyselfandotherpeoplestartedtotakememoreseriously.”Twoyearsafterhersuccessfuljobinterview,theformerwaitressisnowasuccessfulmagazineeditor.FriendsandassociatescallherLynne.,IntensiveStudy,3Naturally,thenamechangedidntcauseDebbie/Lynnesprofessionalachievementbutitsurelyhelpedifonlybyaddingabitofself-confidencetohertalents.Socialscientistssaythatwhatyourecalledcanaffectyourlife.Throughouthistory,nameshavenotmerelyidentifiedpeoplebutalsodescribedthem.“Ashisnameis,soishe”saystheBible,andWebstersDictionaryincludesthefollowingdefinitionofname:“awordorwordsexpressingsomequalityconsideredcharacteristicordescriptiveofapersonorathing,oftenexpressingapprovalordisapproval”.Notewell“approvalordisapproval”.Forbetterorworse,qualitiessuchasfriendlinessorreserve,plainnessorcharmmaybesuggestedbyyournameandconveyedtootherpeoplebeforetheyevenmeetyou.,IntensiveStudy,4Namesbecomeattachedtospecificimages,asanyonewhosbeencalled“aplainJane”or“justanaverageJoe”canshow.ThelatternameparticularlybothersmesincemynameisJoe,whichsomethinkmakesmemorequalifiedtobeabaseballplayerthan,sayanartcritic.Yet,despitethisdisadvantage,Ididmanagetobecomeanartcriticforatime.Evenso,oneprominentmagazineconsistentlyrefusedtoprint“Joe”inmyby-line,usingmyfirstinitials,J.S.,instead.IsuspectthatifIwereamorerefinedArthurorAdrian,thenamewouldhaveappearedcomplete.,IntensiveStudy,5Ofcourse,nameswithapositivesensecanworkforyou,evenencouragenewacquaintances.ArecentsurveyshowedthatAmericanmenthoughtSusantobethemostattractivefemalename,whilewomenbelievedRichardandDavidwerethemostattractiveformen.OnewomanIknowturneddownablinddatewithamannamedHarrybecause“hesoundeddull”.Severaleveningslater,shecameuptomeataparty,pressingforanintroductiontoaveryimpressiveman;theydbeenexchangingglancesallevening.“Oh,”Isaid.“YoumeanHarry.”Shewasillatease.,IntensiveStudy,6Thoughmostofuswouldliketothinkourselvesfreefromsuchprejudicednotions,wereallguiltyofnamestereotypingtosomeextent.Confess:wouldntyoubesurprisedtomeetacarpenternamedNigel?AphysicistcalledBertha?APopeMel?Often,weprojectname-basedstereotypesonpeople,asonewomanfrienddiscoveredwhiletakingchargeofanursery-schoolsgroupoffour-year-olds.“ThereIwas,tryingtogetalittleactiveboynamedJuliantositquietlyandreadabookandpushingathoughtfulcreaturenamedRorytoplayball.Ihadtheirpersonalitiesconfusedbecauseoftheirnames!”,IntensiveStudy,7Apparently,suchprejudicescanaffectclassroomachievementaswell.InastudyconductedbyHerbertHarariofSanDiegoStateUniversity,andJohnMcDavidofGeorgiaStateUniversity,teachersgaveconsistentlylowergradesonessaysapparentlywrittenbyboysnamedElmerandHubertthantheyawardedtothesamepaperswhenthewritersnamesweregivenasMichaelandDavid.However,teacherprejudiceisnttheonlysourceofclassroomdifference.Dr.ThomasV.BusseandLouisaSeraydarianofTempleUniversityfoundthosegirlswithnamessuchasLinda,Diane,Barbara,Carol,andCindyperformedbetteronobjectivelygradedIQandachievementteststhandidgirlswithlessappealingnames.(Acompanionstudyshowedgirlspopularitywiththeirpeerswasalsorelatedtothepopularityoftheirnamesalthoughtheconnectionwaslessclearforboys.),IntensiveStudy,8Thoughyourparentsprobablymeantyournametolastalifetime,rememberthatwhentheypickedittheydhardlymetyou,andthehopesanddreamstheyvaluedwhentheychoseitmaynotmatchyours.Ifyournamenolongerseemstofityou,dontdespair;youarentstuckwiththelabel.Moviestarsregularlychangetheirnames,andwithsomedetermination,youcan,too.,DebbieFemalename,representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofgenerous,understanding,honest,creativeandintense.ItisashortnameofDeborah,whichmeansbeeinHebrew.DeborahwasaheroineandprophetesswholedtheIsraelitestodefeatCanaanitesastoldintheOldTestamentBookofJudges.AlsointheOldTestament,thiswasthenameofthenurseofRebecca.LongacommonJewishname,DeborahwasfirstusedbyEnglishChristiansaftertheProtestantReformation,anditwaspopularamongthePuritans.Formoreinformationaboutexplanationsofnames,visit,or,substitutevt.putsthorsbinplaceofanotherTheyweresubstitutingviolencefordialogue.DavidwassubstitutedforWilliaminthesecondhalfofthematch.2.vi.ActorserveasareplacementCanyousubstituteformeatthemeeting?Honeycansubstituteforsugarinthisrecipe.3.n.apersonorthingthatreplacesorserveassthelseTheteacherisill,soasubstituteisteachingtoday.Thereisnosubstituteforgoodfoodandexercise.,Lynne(f.)orLynn(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofsensitive,deeplyartisticandcreative,intense,andnature-loverandcomesfromWelshmeaning“lake”orisashortformofLinda(Spanish),orBelinda(Italian),bothmeaning“beautiful”.,Middlenamenamecomingbetweenthefirstnameandthelastname“WhatsJamesBrownsmiddlename?”“ItsMichael”“Middlename”canalsobeusedfiguratively,meaningamainpartofonescharacter.Generosityishermiddlename.,ifconj.acceptingthat;althoughThisisapleasantifnoisychild.Itisanicehouse,ifalittleexpensive.,characteristica.representative;representingusualcharacterRainydaysarecharacteristicofJune.Suchhonestyischaracteristicofhim.2.n.aspecialandeasilyrecognizedqualityofsborsthGenesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.WhatcharacteristicsseparateAmericansfromCanadians.,Forbetteror(for)worse(assaidontheChristianmarriageceremony)whateverhappens.Hereinthetext,itmeanswhethertheyaregoodorbad.Hepromisedtotakeherforbetterorforworse.I,_,takeyou,_,tobemy(husband/wife).Ipromisetobetruetoyouingoodtimesandinbad,insicknessandinhealth.Iwillloveyouandhonoryouallthedaysofmylife.I,_,takeyou,_,formylawful(husband/wife),tohaveandtohold,fromthisdayforward,forbetter,forworse,forricher,forpoorer,insicknessandinhealth,untildeathdouspart.ThepriestwillthensayaloudYouhavedeclaredyourconsentbeforetheChurch.MaytheLordinhisgoodnessstrengthenyourconsentandfillyoubothwithhisblessings.ThatGodhasjoined,menmustnotdivide.Amen.,Joe(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofspontaneous,social,easy-going,warm,generous,lackingininitiativeandisashortformforJoseph,originallyfromaHebrewnameofafamousmanintheOldTestament.,qualify(causeto)gainacertainlevelofknowledge,ability,orperformanceBeingasonofamemberofgovernmentdoesntqualifyhimtotalkaboutpoliticalaffairs.Iwontqualifyuntilnextyear.Beingasingleparentqualifiesyouforextrabenefits.qualifiedhavingsuitableknowledge,qualityorskillsforTomisqualifiedforthejob.,prominentImportant;widelyknownTheyareallprominentfiguresintheITfield.Thegovernmentshouldplayamoreprominentroleinimprovingpublictraffic.2.Standingorextendingforout(beyondasurface)Hisnoseistooprominent.Shehasprominentteeth.,prominenceThequality,fact,orstateofbeingwell-knownandimportant.Thisyoungartistiscomingintoprominence.2.Athingorplacethatisstandingfarout(beyondasurface)Therewasalowprominenceinthemiddleofthedesert,toosmalltobecalledahill.,ArthurThemeaningofthisnameisunknown.ItcouldbederivedfromBritishartbearcombinedwithvirosman,oritcouldberelatedtoIrishartstone.AlternativelyitcouldberelatedtoanobscureRomanfamilynameArtorius.ArthuristhenameofthecentralcharacterinArthurianlegend,a6th-centurykingoftheBritonswhopresidedovertheknightsoftheRoundTable.Hemayormaynothavebeenanactualperson.OtherfamousbearersofthenameincludemysteryauthorArthurConanDoyle,thecreatorofSherlockHolmes,andscience-fictionauthorArthurC.Clarke.,Adrian(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofdiplomatic,friendly,lackinginenergy,confidenceandinitiative,andaprocrastinator.ThisnameistheEnglishfromofHadrian,thenameofaRomanEmperorwhobuiltawallacrossNorthernBritain.,acquaintanceApersonwhomoneknows,esp.throughworkorbusiness,butwhomaynotbeaclosefriendNooneinherentireacquaintancewouldwearsuchadress.2.Informationorknowledge,asobtainedthroughpersonalexperienceratherthancarefulstudyIhavean/someacquaintancewiththelanguage.IwasntsureaboutDarrylwhenIfirstmether,butonfurtheracquaintanceIratherlikeher.3.Makeonesacquaintance/maketheacquaintanceofsbgettoknowsb.Imsogladtomakeyouracquaintance,Mr.Smith.,Susan(f.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofpleasant,easy-going,friendly,patient,social,cautiousandisashortformofSusanna.ItisfromtheHebrewShoshanna,nameforawomanintheOldTestament.,Richard(m.)meansbravepower,derivedfromtheGermanicelementsricpower,ruleandhardbrave,hardy.TheNormansintroducedthisnametoBritain.ItwasbornebythreekingsofEnglandincludingRichardtheLionheart,leaderoftheThirdCrusadeinthe12thcentury.TwoGermanoperacomposers,RichardWagnerandRichardStrauss,havealsohadthisname.,DAVID(m.)possiblyderivedfromHebrew(dvd)meaningbeloved.DavidwasthesecondandgreatestofthekingsofIsrael,rulinginthe10thcenturyBC.SeveralstoriesabouthimaretoldintheOldTestament,includinghisdefeatofGoliath,agiantPhilistine.Jesuswassupposedlydescendedfromhim.Famousbearersofthisnameincludethe5th-centurypatronsaintofWales,twokingsofScotland,empiricistphilosopherDavidHume,andexplorerDavidLivingstone.ThisisalsothenameoftheheroofCharlesDickenssemiautobiographicalnovelDavidCopperfield.,Harry(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofindividual,reserved,serious,stubborn,alone,loyal,andthoughtful.ItistheMedievalEnglishformofHenry,thenameofeightkingsofEngland.,PressfordemandwithforceIdontknowwhethertoacceptthisnewjob,andthefirmispressing(me)foradecision.Thechairmanispressingforimprovedworkingcondition.,illateaseuncomfortable;anxiousorworriedHeappearedillateaseattheparty.Shewasillateasewhenshewascriticizedbyhermother.,stereotypev.formafixedsetofideasthatisgenerallydisapprovingaboutthethecharacteristicsofcertainpeopleorthingsThestudysaysthatBritishadvertisementsstereotypewomen.Thepolicehavebeencriticizedforhavingstereotypedimagesofblackpeople.2.n.animage,idea,character,etc.thathasbecomefixedinaroutineformThecharactersinthebooksarejuststereotypes.Sherejectsthestereotypethatwomencanonlyfindtheirtruesatisfactioninbeingmother.,Nigel(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofimaginative,creative,inconsistent,insecure,gullible,talkativeandisanItalianformofNeil,oraFrenchnamemeaning“hero”.ItissometimesassociatedwiththeLatinniger,meaning“black”.ThenameNigeloftendonatesachampionoranartist,sopeoplewillbesurprisedtomeetacarpenterwiththenameNigel.,Bertha(f.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofidealistic,generous,kind,caring,possessiveandcomesfromGerman,meaning“bright,famous.”BerthaiswellknowninGermanlegendsasacharacterwhosneaksintonurseriesandrockschildrentosleep.Berthausuallymakespeoplethinkofsomebodywhoisfat,whileaphysicistshouldknowhowtoeathealthilyandkeepagoodfigure.,PopeMelisahumorousreference,meanttoshowhowfoolishitwouldbetoputthetwonamestogether.“Pope”isatitlegiventothehighestauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchinRome;“Mel”ispossiblyashortfromofeitherMelvin,orMelanie(f),orMelissa(f),whichhasnomeaninginitself.ThenameMelusuallydonatesanimageofacarrepairman.IfaMeldrinks,hedrinksbeerinsteadofwine.ThatiswhypeoplewillbesurprisedtomeetaPopewiththenameMel.,projecton/onto/uponimagine(onesownfeelingsorthoughts)asbeingattached/connectedtoothersItisnotreasonablethattheyprojecttheirdreamsontous.,Julian(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofpatient,careful,cautious,conservative,intenseandcomesfromJulius,thenameofthelastRomamemperor.,Rory(m.)repesentsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofpractical,logical,analytical,systematic,particular,andseriousandcomesfromOldEnglish,meaning“noble,famous”.,HerbertHarariisaretiredprofessorofpsychologyatSanDiegoStateUniversity.HeandJohnMcDavidworkedascoauthorofapaperonstudentbahaviorstereotypig.Heisalsoaself-educatedcomputerguruonMIDImusic.Tuneintohispersonalwebsite:andlistentohismusiconline.,Elmer(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofpractical,logical,analytical,systematic,particular,andseriousandcomesfromtheIrishRuaidhri,meaning“redking”.ItisthenameofthelasthighkingofIrelandwhoregnedinthe12thCentury.Hubert(m.)representsthepersonalitycharateristicsofpleasant,diplomatic,sensitive,passive,andprocrastinatorandcomesfromGerman,meaning“brightheart”.TheSaintHubertsholivedinthe8thcenturyisthepatronsaintofhunters.,awardgivesthsuchasaprizeoranexaminationmark,esp.asaresultofanofficialdecisionTheuniversityawardedgrantstopoorstudents.Shewasawardedamedalfrobravery.2.GivebyadecisionincourtThejudgeawardedalargesumofmoneytothosehurtintheexplosion.Thecourtawardedhimdamagesof$5,000.,Michael(m.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofclever,sensible,serious,self-confidentandindependentandisfromtheHebrewnameMikhaelmeaning“whoislikeGod”.TheNewTestamentidentifiesMichaelastheArchangelwholeadsheavensarmies.Heisthepatronsaintofsoldiers.,Dr.ThmasV.BusseandLouisaSeraydariancooperativelyconductedaresearchatTempleUniversityaboutthepositivelinkbetweendesirablenamesandIQ.,TempleUniversityisacomprehensivepublicresearchuniversitywithmorethan29,000studentsithasadistinguishedfacultyin16schoolsandcolleges,includingschoolsofHealthSciencesCenter.TheuniversityisbasedinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,andhastwointernationalcampusesinJapanandItaly.Accordingtoitsofficialwebsite()TempleUniversityisthe39thlargestuniversityintheUnitedStates,anditisthelargestproviderofprofessionaleducation(law,dentistry,medicine,pharmacy,andpodiatricmedicine)intheUnitedStates.,Linda(f.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofhardworker,careful,patient,independent,reliable,andpracticalandcomesformSpanishorItalian,meaning“beautiful”.Diane(f.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofclever,responsible,friendly,serious,reliable,andindependentandcomesfromtheFrenchformofDiana,originallyfromtheRomangoddessofnatureandfertility.Barbara(f.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofsensitive,artistic,unstable,andself-consciousandcomesfromtheGreekbarbaros,meaning“foreign”.SaintBarbarawasawomankilledbyherfather,whowasthenkilledbyofboltoflightning.Sheisthepatronofarchitects,geologists,stonemasonsandartillerymen.,Carol(f.orm.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofquiet,practical,clever,methodical,creative,inentive,analytical,studious,andmoodyandisanEnglishfeminineformofCarolusmeaning“song”or“hymn”inEnglish.NotethatCarolusedtobeamasculinenameaswellbutnowitisforgirlsonly.Cindy(f.)representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofidealistic,proactive,impressionable,receptive,can