江苏职称英语考试题集(卫生高级)语句排列

1、 On the critical issue of health care, our goal is to ensure that Americans can choose and afford private health care coverage that best fits their individual needs.I urge you to pass association health plans.I ask you to give lower-income Americans a refundable tax credit that wouldallow millions to buy their own basic health insurance.Small businesses should be able to band together and negotiate for lowerinsurance rates, so they can cover more workers with health insurance.To make insurance more affordable, Congress must act to address rapidly rising health care costs.2、 It is understandable for people to be panicked, but those living outside Africa shouldnt be particularly concerned about contracting the virus, says a Washington Post article.It is something that is extremely unlikely for anyone but healthcare workers.The virus is not spread by coughing or sneezing.Media outlets in the U. S. and the U.K. are using terrifying headlines, wrongly claiming that people infected with the virus have traveled to their countries.This is because transmission of Ebola requires direct contact with an infected persons blood, vomit or other bodily fluids during the period that he or she is contagious.3、 Both the food industry and its most rabid critics leverage the Appeal to Nature logical fallacy, or Argumentum ad Naturam, to their own benefit.“There are many natural things that are better than unnatural, Bennett writes, But they must be evaluated based on other criteria besides the naturalness. But of course it doesnt, both because theres no workable definition for “natural,” and because even if “naturalness ” could be measured, it wouldnt tell us anything meaningful.He advises readers:“Keep in mind that Mother Nature is the kind of mother who wouldnt hesitate to throw you in a dumpster and leave you there to die. Many people adopt this as a default belief, writes Bo Bennett at his site Logically Fallacious, where, logically enough, he catalogs logical fallacies. If “natural meant anything at all, science would evaluate things based on their “naturalness ”.4、 Two years ago, the 55-year-old came down with pneumonia and had to call 911 because she could not breathe.After completing a pulmonary rehabilitation program, Ms. Morgan was accepted into the coils trial at the Cleveland Clinic last December. Dr. Mehtaand another pulmonologist placed 12of the small devices in her right lower lung.Mary Morgan ,a nurse who lives in Parma, Ohio, was diagnosed seven years ago with emphysema, a form of COPD(慢性阻塞性肺疾病)Still，she continued to smoke for a few more years because the disease “ wasnt bothering me, ”she says. She was discharged from the hospital after just one night and says she felt improvements almost immediately. Tests a month later showed her breathing had improved by 30 percent. She quit smoking but needed to be on oxygen all the time. She gasped for breath often and wasnt able to speak more than a few words at a time. “It gets to the point where you are living in such misery that you just dont want to go on,” Ms. Morgan says.5、 The study involved 90000 women and spanned a quarter of a century. The women were divided into two groups. The first got regular mammograms, while the second group received physical breast exams only.Mammograms are often considered the most powerful weapon in the war against breast cancer, but results from one of the largest studies ever done question their value.Do mammograms save lives? Thats the question being asked after a major new study-one of the biggest ever-released its results. Since then, doctors and others have weighed in.Breast surgeons like Negar Golesorkhi said mammograms are imperfect tools in finding tumors, particularly for women with dense breasts.After 25 years, the researchers found an equal number of women died from breast cancer in both groups.6、 February is heart health month, and a new study that provides clues to young people about keeping their hearts healthy.High blood pressure increases a persons risk of heart disease, no matter when they develop it. Thats why doctors monitor blood pressure so carefully. It finds that high blood pressure in people as young as 18 increases their risk for heart disease. A new study finds that young adults in their teens and 20s who develop high blood pressure are more at risk for heart disease by the time they reach middle age, 35 to 50 years old, than those whose blood pressure is normal.The study looks at high blood pressure, which can lead to heart attack or stroke.7、 The new study “is a powerful example of how plastic the older brain is, saidAdam Gazzaley, a director of the UCSF Neuroscience Imaging Center and a co-author of the study.In a groundbreaking new study at the universityof California, San Francisco, scientists found that older adults improved cognitive controls such as multitasking and the ability to sustain attention by playing a specially designed video game-and that the effects can be long lasting.The study is part of a broader effort to understand whether specially designed video games can help treat neurological disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and even depression. Mr. Gazzaley is also the co-founder and adviser of Akili Interactive Labs, a startup focused on designing these types of videogames.In the future, your doctor may prescribe you a videogame.8、 More severe cases of COPD affect an estimated three to four million people in the U.S. Dr. Mehta estimates as many as one million may be candidates for some form of lung volume reduction through surgery or the new lessinvasive coil procedure.COPD（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）includes two main conditions，emphysema and chronic bronchitis（肺气肿和慢性支气管炎），and most patients have elements of both. Diseased portions of the lung overinflate, become inelastic(无弹性) and trap air (滞留空气). Meanwhile, the expanded sacs push against the lungs healthier areas. Patients may feel as if they are suffocating. Medications may cease to work.The surgery requires a large incision, or several small ones, in the chest toexcise diseased tissue, The aim is to allow the patient to breathe easier with the remaining healthier portion of the lungs.Emphysema, as it advances , destroys the air sacs, or alveoli, that exchange air between the lungs and surrounding tissue and bloodstream.9、 In the coming months, almost none of us will catch the Ebola virus.In this Ebola outbreak, quite a few people hope their governments will shut off all travel to West Africa and forbid citizens in the infected regions to return to their countries.Panic and ignorance has even prompted some U.S. politicians to suggest that migrant children attempting to enter the U.S. from Central America may be carrying the virus, reported Salon.As communities are stigmatized and mildly sick people fear for their lives, Ball says, its worth reflecting what the biggest threat to our collective well-being is: rare tropical diseases, or the medias terrible coverage of them. Many of us, though, will suffer from fevers, headaches, shivers and other symptoms of illness.10、 “It isnt screening thats helping women, she said. Its better therapy and probably increased awareness. ”The study also found the screening led to unnecessary surgery, chemotherapy or radiation treatment because tumors found were not always life-threatening. Author Cornelia Baines said the studys message is loud and clear. So what to do ? A routine mammogram caught an aggressive form of breast cancer for 54-year-old Beth Shulman. “ Im100-percent sure that it did save me, said Shulman.“ When we look for cancer on a mammogram in dense breast tissue, were looking for a polar bear in a snowstorm so it would be very difficult to find,said Golesorki.11、 The researchers also tested to see whether calcium, formed in the arteries of the heart. Calcium build-up can lead to heart attacks. Individuals who had higher blood pressures, or those who increased their blood pressure from Young adulthood through middle age, had a higher risk for this calcification, up to an almost four times higher risk, said Allen. The nearly 5000 participants fell into common patterns: Those whose blood pressure stayed within normal limits. Those whose blood pressure was consistently high, and those whose blood pressure rose gradually over time, to levels that were higher than normal, but not high enough for prescription medicines. Individuals who had increasing blood pressure in middle age or those who had high blood pressure by the time they hit middle age were at greater risk for development of heart disease by the time they were 50, said Allen.12、 There is some evidence, for instance, that playing violent games, heightens aggression in players and hurts the brains ability to process emotionsThis research turns the traditional view of games on its head. According to one 2010 study, professional gamers had response times comparable to fighter jet pilots. Another recent study showed a strong correlation between videogame play and the emotional well-being of senior adults. However , an expanding body of research is looking at the link between videogames and so-called cognitive control, or the brains information-processing functions, such as memory, attention, decision-making and creativity. Much of the research linking videogames to our minds has focused on its detrimental effects.13、 It says overdose deaths among women have increased 400percent since 1999, compared to 265 percent among men.The CDC says 48 000 women died from prescription painkiller overdoses from 1999 to 2010.It says the rate in deaths relates to the increased prescribing of painkillers in the U.S. in the past decade.The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention says drug overdoses from prescription painkillers is growing epidemic, especially among women.The CDC says that while men are still likely to die of prescription painkillers overdoses, the gap between men and women is closing.14、 You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in your mouth. Often, speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask. for a glass of water. Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice. Or press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow.First, gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth.15、 The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machines.Until the 20th century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health.This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly and it reduced the price.Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars, chewing tobacco and snuff (鼻烟).Most women did not use tobacco at-all. Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals including man.16、 Heart attacks and related problems are the top killer, especially among women, claiming 29 percent of people who die each year, WHO said in a report on the global burden of disease. Cancer, in third, claims 12.6 percent of global deaths, said the 146-pagereport, which is based on death registration data from 112 countries and estimates where reporting is incomplete. In second place, infectious diseases lead to 16. 2 percent of worldwide deaths. Heart ailments, infectious diseases and cancer remain the worlds top three killers, the UN health agency said on Monday. The figures are from 2004, the most recent records available on a wide scale, officials from WHO said,17、 US scientists recently discovered a gene that may pave the way for a vaccine. Delfraissy, of ANRS, also predicts a revival in basic research to find molecules capable of attacking the virus at a stage where it has not yet been detected. Researchers have also discovered new molecules and have launched tests on new triple treatments that have proved effective for patients no longerresponding to other therapies. But AIDS research was given a boost in October when the 2008 Nobel Medicine Prize was bestowed to a pair of scientists who discovered HIV.Scientists are also interested in the cases of some HIV-positive people who never develop full blown AIDS. Meanwhile, research on finding an effective AIDS shot continues.18、 Surveys suggest few adults attain the recommended seven to eight hours a night. Sleep too little clearly is dangerous: Sleep deprivation causes not just car crashes but all sorts of other accidents. But taking a nap may boost a sophisticated kind of memory that helps us see the big picture and get creative. But perhaps more common than insomnia is fragmented sleep-the easy awakening that comes with aging, or worse, the sleep apnea that afflicts millions, who quit breathing for 30 0r so over and over throughout the night. Interrupting sleep seriously disrupts memory-making, compelling new research suggests.Oer time, a chronic lack of sleep can erode the body in ways that leave us more vulnerable to heart disease, diabetes and other illnesses.19、 Those in the breast-feeding encouragement group were, on average, breast-fed longer than the others and were less likely to have been given formula in a bottle.The children were monitored for about six and a half years, The children in the group where breast-feeding was encouraged scored about 5 percent higher in IQ tests and did better academically, the researchers found. A new study provides some of the best evidence to date that breast-feeding can make children smarter. About half the 14,000 babies were randomly assigned to a group in which prolonged and exclusive breast-feeding by the mother was encouraged at Balarussian hospitals and clinics. The mothers of the other babies received no special encouragement.Children whose mothers breast-fed them longer and did not mix in baby formula scored higher on intelligence tests, the researchers in Canada and Belarus reported.20、 So，remember to keep hot food hot and cold food cold.Also, be sure to keep your hands and cooking utensils clean so you do nottransfer germs to the food while you are preparing it. Heat usually kills the bacteria and refrigeration keeps them from growing.To stay healthy, you must also be careful to avoid food poisoning-a common, unpleasant, and often dangerous illness that affects one out of every six Americans each year.Food poisoning is often caused by salmonella bacteria (涉门氏菌) in food, especially raw meats and dairy products.21、 A few medical journals ,like the Journal of the American Medical Association , are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.In the past, these journals were available only in print. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area ofmedicine.Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have websites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online.22、 In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected atthe crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects.The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United Statesoccurred in 1988.Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to beused in criminal investigations and legal affairs.Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admittedDNA test results into evidence.DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in1985.23、 The tool is thelaser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over theworld. Later, he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber andplastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for manyyears.The word “laser” means: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.Thousands of years ago, man used handy rocks for his surgical operations.In the 1960s, a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.24、 In the traditional gall bladder operation, doctors make a large cut across thepersons abdomen to remove the gall bladder. The bile is released into the intestine to help the body digest and take in food.The gall bladder is an organ that stores bile produced in the liver.But tiny stones can form in the gall bladder. The stones can block the tube leading to the intestine, which can cause severe pain. Patients must spend up to 10 days in the hospital and they often suffer pain for as long as six weeks while they recover from the operation.25、 This makes sure that when the patient later comes into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it. The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally.Information on how to penetrate the diseases defences is transmitted to all elements of the patients immune system in a process, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell.In the most serious cases, in which the entire pop