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外研社 第九册 模块一,GrammarThe definite article and zero article,冠词的定义,冠词是置于名词之前、说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在。,冠词有三个:即定冠词(definite article)、不定冠词(indefinite article)和零冠 (zero article)。,不定冠词有两个形式,一个是a, 另一个是an. a 用在辅音(指的是音标不是指字母)开头的词前,an 用在以元音开头的词前。,a university, an umbrella, a European, an example a one-act play an hour,不定冠词的基本用法,泛指某一类人或事物的一个。例如:A boy is waiting for you.,表示某一类人或事物,相当于any,例如:A horse is an animal.,用于首次提到的人或物的单数名词前面。An old cock is sitting in a tall tree.,用于描写自然现象的名词前,表示“一 阵”、“一场”、“一种”等。例如:,snow- a snow 一场雪shower- a shower 一阵暴雨,用在抽象名词之前表示具体介绍:是什么 样的人,是什么样的事物。例如:,The little girl is a joy to her parents.,He is a success.,和你一块共事很愉快.,It is a pleasure to work with you.,He did me a great kindness.,What a great surprise you gave me .,定冠词的基本用法,特指某个或某些人或事物,或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物,或重复上文提到的人或事物。例如:,How do you like the film?,There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby is very fat.,指世界上独一无二的事物。例如:,The earth is biggest than the moon, but smaller than the sun. the sky; the universe; the atmosphere,用在单数可数名词之前,表示某一类人或 事物。如:,The lion is more fierce than the wolf.,The compass was invented in ancient China.,常用在乐器的名称之前。例如:,play the violin/piano,用在某些专有名词前:在江河、山脉、海 洋、湖泊、群岛的名词之前:,the Changjiang River; the Yellow River the Salt Lake,含有普通名词的专有名词之前,the Great Wall; the Tang Dynasty; the White House,不加冠词的情况:,在大多数专有名词、泛指的抽象名词和 物质名词前:,We love science. She is fond of music.,在星期、月份、季节或节假日等名词前:,National Day;New Years Day;Womens Day,在称呼语、表示头衔或职务的名词前,Whats wrong with you, Uncle?,This is Comrade Yang, chairman of the Students Union.,He reported this to Mr Black, headmaster of the school.,在三餐饭和球类运动、棋类运动的名词前:,I like rice for supper.,Lets go and watch them play chess.,Finish activity 1 on students books.,The key: Because they are all uniquethere is only one of them.,Finish activity 2. Possible Answers:,Continents:,Asia, Europe, Oceania; America,Antarctica,Countries:,China, Argentina, Australia, India, France (exceptions: The Netherlands, The Netherlands, The Lebanon),Cities:,Beijing, London, New York, Sydney, Shanghai(exceptions: The Hague),Plural and uncountable nouns in general statements:,Snow is cold. Guns are dangerous.,Finish activity 3. Choose the correct article tocomplete each question.Is there (a/the) computer at your school?Do you have (a/the) lesson in the computer room?3. Can you access (an/the) Internet at school?4. Have you got (a/ the) phone at home?5. Have you got (a/the) computer at home?,_,_,_,_,_,Complete the sentences with the definite article if necessary. 1.Does _ headmaster know how to use a computer? 2. Are_ computer important? 3. Can you access _ Internet at school? 4. You need _ software to use a computer? 5. _ World Wide Web is full of _ websites.,the,/,the,/,The,/,EXX.,1.In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck by _ beauty of _ nature that he stayed or another night. A. /;/ B. /; the C. the; / D. the; the 2. Many people are still in _habit of writing silly things in _ public places. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the 3.Five years ago her brother was _ university student of _ physics.A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; /,4-Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.- Is it _ black one? I think I
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