直接引语和间接引语用法及练习

直接和间接引语直接引用成为间接引用时，人称代词要根据专人的立场进行相应的变化。人称代词的变动要根据上下文和叙述者的差异做出相应的变化，一般来说就像汉语中的变化。记住“一、二、三、不变”的原则。第一人称根据订单的主语变化，第二人称根据订单的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要改变。示例：1) he said，“iamgladdoseeyou” hesaidthat hewasgadatoseeme。2)“doyouknowthemanoverthere？”MarysaidtoTom。maryaskedomifhsieknewthemanoverthere。3) jimsidtome，“janeleftherschoolbagathome”jimtoldmethatjanehaftherschoolbagathome。2，时态的变化(1)主句的谓语动词是一般的过去直接引语间接引语通常现在通常是过去的时候随着现在的进展现在完成的时候过去完成的时候一般来说，在过去完成的时候过去完成时过去完成时(不变)一般去未来，将来去一般未来进度过去未来进度一般未来完成时过去未来完成时当主句的谓语动词通常是过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的谓语动词就要在时态方面相应地变化。直接引用变为间接引用时，动词时态相应变成变化表：He said是“I usually watch TV on Sunday”他说。he said that he usually watched TV on Sunday。他说他经常在星期天看电视。He said，“Im using the knife”他说：“我在用刀。”He said that he was using the knife。他说他在用刀。She said是“I have not heard from him since may”她说。我从5月份开始就没有收到他的来信.she said that she had not heard from him since may。她说自5月份以来没有收到他的信。He said，“I came to help you”“我会帮你的。”He said that he had come to help me。他说他是来帮我的。注意事项：直接引用是客观真理，名言著名的话，与具体的过去时间一起说明客观事实时，换成间接引用的话，时态不变。The teacher said，“the earth is round”老师说：“地球是圆的。”the teacher said that the earth is round .老师说地球是圆的。(2)主要句子的谓语动词是现在或未来(3)如果主句的谓语动词是现在或将来的话，直接引语变为间接引语时时态不变He says，“I finished the work”他说。“我完成了工作。”He says that he finished the work。据说他完成了工作。He will say，“I have watered the flowers”他说he will say he has watered the flowers。他会说他供水了。3、代词、时间副词和位置副词的相应变化直接引语间接引语代词this/these that/those时间副词now thenToday that dayTonight that nightThis week (month.)that week (month.）Yesterday the day beforeLast week the week before2周ago 2周before。Tomorrow the next dayNext week (month.)the next week (month.）位置副词here there单词come - go Bring - takeHe said，“我妹妹三天前在这。”he said that his sister had been there three days before。他说三天前他姐姐在。(herethere；Agobefore)She said，“I will come here this evening”她说：“今晚我会在这里。”she said that she would go there that evening。她说那天晚上她会去那里。(comego；herethere；Thisthat)这种变化取决于马的确切时间和确切位置，不能机械照搬。如果直接在当地工作，here不必更改为there，come不必更改为go，如果直接在今天工作，则不需要更改时间副词，例如yesterday和tomorrow。2，直接引用是陈述的时候直接引语是陈述时间接引语用that引导，但口语中可以用that存储。子句中的人称、时态、代词、时间副词、位置副词等要相应地改变。例如：shesaidtome，“icameackanhourago”shesaidto/toldmethathehadokshadotcanhourbefore。3.直接引用是一般疑问句，选择疑问句、反义句的时候1、疑问句的语序为句子的语序。2、主句的谓语动词为said时asked改为；没有间接嫁接记的时候，可以添加一个间接嫁接记(例如，me、him等)。在句子末尾打句号。4，从句的人称、动词时态、副词等也要相应地改变。5、对于原始句子，转换为whether或if；He said，“areyouinterestedinenglish？”he asked(me)if/whetheriwasteedinenglish。6.为了选择原来的疑问句，whether.or./.or notIaskdhim，“wilyoustayathomeorgotooafilmtonight？”iaskewimwhetherhewouldbstayathomeorgotoday。7.如果原文是相反的疑问句，则用whether或if详述。“you vealreadygowell，haven tyou？”sheaskedsheasked(me)whether/ifihadialreadygottwell。第四，直接引用是特殊疑问句的时候如果直接引用是特别的疑问句，即使换成间接引用，也用原句的wh-类词诱导。其馀的变更如直接引用一般疑问句，并等于2-5万亿。例如：“Whatisyourname？”He asked me。 heaskewhatmynamewas。he asked :“whatereareyoutogetff，彼得？” heaskedeter wherehewas togetff。直接引语的特殊疑问句中给出疑问词，但如果是主语的修饰语，就不需要改变语序。例如：“whosepicturisthemostbeautilitylinyourclass？”Askedtheboysfather。the boy sfatheneraskdhimwhosepictures wastethemostbeautiflinhisclass。五、直接引语是命令式的时候直接引语以命令形式间接引语，并给出以下结构“主语askedsb .您可以使用(not)todosth 。1，在原语句中，要将谓语动词变为不定式。如果命令型是否定句，那么否定型否定型，即否定型前加not。2、柱状句谓语动词said应改为asked、told或ordered等。Assb。(非)todosth。郑重)tellsb。(非)todosth。(命令性强于上面)Ordersb。(非)todosth。(命令性最强)例如：He said， don tmakesomeuchnoise . hetoldusnottomakesomehnoise .3、如果原始句子中有“please”，则基本句子谓词将更多地使用asked(请求)并删除please。例如：hesaidtome、“shutowindow、please” heaskewetoshewindow。4如果建议或建议是以let开头的命令型，则可以提到“suggest that子句”或“suggestdoing”。例如：“let sgototheci NEMA。，Tom said . tomsuggestedgoingtothecinema。tomsuggestedtotheyshouldgottothecitama。第六，直接引用是感叹句。直接引语在感叹句间接引语的时候仍然可以用what或how引，语序不变，可以用that引，把句子变成相应的名词子句。例如：She Shesaid，“Whatalovelydayitis！” shesaidwhatabelydayitwas。Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday。He asked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the computer。didipayhowmuchb . ipidhowmuchc . howmuchdidipayd . howmuchipaid2.“have youseenthefilm？”Heaskedme。Heaskedme_。A.haiseenthefilmb。haveneenthefilmC.ifihavaeseenthefilmd . whetherihadoseenthefilm3.“pleaseclosethewindow”hesaid tome。he _ _ _ _ _ _ me _ _ _ _ the window . a . said to；TocloseB.toldtoclosingc . asked toclosed . said to；Pleaseclose4.“iama teacher，”jack said。 he said _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _。A.thathathat iamatecacherb . iwastecherc . thatheisateacherd . hewaatecache 5 .he said，“mother，theboyisverynaughty”he _ _ _ _ _ _ _-very naughty。A.saidhismotherthat theboywasb。saidtohismotherthatheboyisC.toldhismotherthat theboywasd。spokeohismotherthat theboywas“you vealreadygowell，haven tyou？”shasked。Sheasked_。A.ifihaveealready gottwell，haden tyoub。whetherihadalreadygottwellC.havenalreadygottwell。hadiial readygottwell。He asked，“areyouapaymberoraleaguemember？”Heaskedme_ _ _。A.amiapaymberoraleaguememberB.wasi partymemberoraleaguememberC.ifiwas apaymberoraleaguememberD.whetherwasimberoraleaguemember。He Heasked，“Howareyougettingalong？单击Heasked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _。A.howamigettingalongb。howareyougettiningalongC.howiwas gettinalongd . howwasigettingsalong9.Heaskedme_withme。A.whattthematerisb。whatthematerwasC.what sthematerd.whatwastematerHe said， don tdothatangin . he _ _ _ _ _ me _ _ _ _ _ _ that again。A.saidtomeNottodoB.saidtome钱tdoC.toldme钱tdod。told meNottodo11.he asked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the violin。A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid12.can you make sure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the