部编本八年级语文下册《礼记》二则PPT课件

20虽有嘉（佳）肴,1.了解礼记相关知识，积累重点文言词语，熟读并背诵课文。,2.准确翻译课文；学习类比说理的方法，理解教与学互相促进的道理。,（重点）,（难点）,礼记，儒家经典著作之一，是战国至秦汉年间各种礼仪著作的选集。相传为西汉戴圣编撰。他选编的四十九篇本又叫小戴礼记。它与诗经书经易经春秋合称“五经”。礼记，即对“礼”的解释。,戴圣，西汉官员、学者，汉代今文经学的开创者。字次君，世称小戴，西汉梁国睢阳（今河南省商丘市）人。与叔父戴德同学礼于后苍，宣帝时以博士参与石渠阁论议，任九江太守，今本礼记，即小戴礼记传为圣编。,虽有嘉肴,预习检测,给加点的字注音：嘉肴:旨:弗:自强:学学半:兑命:,jiyo,zh,f,qing,xio,yu,xu,请同学们听读课文，并在课本上及时做好旁批和圈点。体会作者感情，感受文章自然的风格。虽然嘉肴课文朗读。,1.划分文章部分、层次分别用双竖线、单竖线。2.认为用得好的词语用方框。3.关键语句（或写得好的语句）用波浪线。4.有疑问的地方，用问号标注。,朗读课文,虽有嘉肴,虽有/嘉肴，弗食，不知/其旨也；虽有/至道，弗学，不知/其善也。是故/学/然后知不足，教/然后知困。知不足，然后/能自反也；知困，然后/能自强也。故曰：教学/相长也。兑命曰：“学/学半。”其/此之谓乎？,分组试译,提示：先找出句子中的重点词解释，再把句子用现代汉语疏理通顺。例：虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也。译：,即使,美味的食物,有，不去品尝，就不知道它味道的。,甘美,虽,嘉肴,旨,虽有嘉（佳）肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。是故学然后知不足，教然后知困。,嘉（佳）肴：美味的菜。旨：甘美。至道：最好的道理。善：好处。是故：所以。困：不通，理解不了。,重点词语,译文：即使有美味佳肴，不去品尝，就不知道它的味道鲜美；即使有最好的方法，不去学习，就不知道它的好处。所以学习以后就会知道不足，教学以后就会知道困难。,知不足，然后能自反也；知困，然后能自强也。故曰：教学相长也。兑命曰：“学学半。”其此之谓乎？,自反：反省自己。自强：自我勉励。故：所以。教学相长：教和学互相促进，教别人，也能增长自己的学问。学学半：教人是学习的一半。第一个“学”是教的意思。其：表示揣测。,译文：知道不足，然后就能反过来要求自己；知道困难，然后就能自强不息。所以说：教学与学习互相促进。尚书兑命说：“教育别人，能收到一半的学习效果。”大概说的就是这个道理吧？,脉络梳理,虽有佳肴,类比引入,逐层论证,引用作结,弗食佳肴，不知其旨,弗学至道，不知其善,学知不足，教后知困,不足自反，知困自强,学学半，此之谓,教学能相长实践出真知,2.本文说明了什么道理？,实践出真知，教与学互相促进的道理。,教和学的关系。,1.本文论述了哪两者之间的关系？,1.文章是怎样论证观点的？请结合相关语句分析。,文章先以“虽有嘉（佳）肴，弗食，不知其旨也”作比，然后引入“虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也”，进而又以教与学两个方面加以说明，最后归结到“教学相长”这个结论。,2.文章采用了怎样的论证方法?请你具体说说“教学相长”的原因。,类比论证。因为学习以后就会知道不足，知道不足，然后就能反过来要求自己；教学以后就会知道困难，知道困难，然后就能自强不息。所以说：教学与学习互相促进。,3.概括本文主题。本文论述了教与学的关系问题，说明了教和学是相辅相成的，是互相促进的道理。,字词归纳,1、通假字兑命曰,兑，通“说”，指的是殷商时的贤相傅说。,2、古今异义,A、虽有至道,古义：即使。今义：虽然。,B、不能知其旨也,古义：甘美。今义：意义。,C、教然后知困,古义：不通，理解不了。今义：困难。,D、教学相长也,古义：促进。今义：增长。,3、词类活用,A、不知其旨也,名词作形容词，甘美。,B、不知其善也,形容词作名词，好，好处。,4、一词多义,学,学学半,音xio，教,学学半,向别人学习,其,其此之谓乎,表推测。大概，恐怕,不知其旨也,它的,1.运用类比手法。,文章开头运用类比手法，以“即使有美味佳肴，不去品尝，就不知道它的味道鲜美”类比“即使有最好的道理，不去学习，就不知道它的益处”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.逻辑严密，有条有理。,文中开头先讲学习的重要性，接着讲到教与学的关系，最后提出教学相长的结论，逻辑严密，有条有理。,大道之行也,大道：指儒家推崇的上古时代的政治制度。,写作背景：孔子生活在春秋末期，诸侯争霸给人们带来了灾难和痛苦。他迫切希望出现一个太平盛世，所以有了此番言论。,正音：,选贤与（j）能讲信修睦（m）幼有所长（zhng）矜（gun）、寡、孤、独、废弃者男有分（fn）货恶（w）其弃于地也盗窃（qi）乱贼而不作是故谋闭而不兴（xng）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,通假字,1.选贤与能（通“举”，选拔）2.矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养（通“鳏”，指老而无妻的人）,大道/之行也，天下/为公，选贤/与能，讲信/修睦。故/人/不独/亲其亲，不独/子其子，使/老/有所终，壮/有所用，幼/有所长，矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者/皆有所养，男/有分，女/有归。货/恶其弃于地也，不必/藏于已；力/恶其不出于身也，不必/为已。是故/谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故/外户而不闭，是谓/大同。,高级朗读：,读出韵味与感情,返回,大道之行也，天下为公。选贤与能，讲信修睦。,是,同“举”，选拔,在大道施行的时候，天下是公共的。选拔、推举品德高尚、有才干的人，(人人)讲求诚信，培养和睦(气氛)。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养，男有分，女有归。,用作动词，以为亲,同“鳏”，老而无妻,老而无夫,幼而无父,老而无子,职分，职守,女子出嫁,因此人们不只是敬爱自己的父母，不只是疼爱自己的子女，使老年人能安享晚年，使壮年人能为社会效力，使孩子健康成长，使老而无妻的人、老而无夫的人、幼而无父的人、老而无子的人、有残疾的人都有人供养，男子有职业，女子有归宿。,货恶其弃于地也，不必藏于己；力恶其不出于身也，不必为己。,对于财货，人们憎恨把它扔在地上的行为，（却）不一定要自己私藏；,人们都愿意为公众之事竭尽全力，而不一定为自己谋私利。,财货，人们憎恨把它扔在地上，但并非出于自己想私藏力气，恨它不出于自己，但愿意多出力并不是为了自己的私利。,是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭。是谓大同。,因此,用门闩插门,阴谋，干坏事的想法,兴起,这叫作,因此奸诈之心闭塞而不会兴起，盗窃、造反害人的事不会兴起，所以(家家户户)大门不关。这叫作理想社会。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第一层：（第1、2句）,第二层：（第3、4句）,第三层：（第5、6句）,大同社会的根本特征,大同社会的基本特征,总结语，大同社会的局面,1.“大同”社会的根本特征是什么？请找出相关语句，并作讲解。,政权属于社会的全体成员,社会的管理者应由品德高尚的人和能干的人担任,社会成员间应当建立起良好的关系,2.本文是从哪几个方面来说明“大同”社会的基本特征的？,3.从“谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作”中，你感受到了当时社会怎样的状况？,“谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作”是大同社会安定、和谐的状况的反映，其中折射出现实社会的黑暗、阴险，这正是人们迫切追求理想社会的原因。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,根据文中阐述的内容和你对“大同”社会的认识，你觉得“大同”社会能实现吗？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,大道之行也,社会纲领,基本特征,理想社会,天下为公,社会关爱,安居乐业,货尽其用,选贤与能,讲信修睦,人尽其力,谋闭不兴,盗乱不作,外户不闭,太平盛世心驰神往,本文通过对理想中的社会特征的描述，阐明了儒家理想中的“大同”社会的基本特征，表达了作者对这个理想社会的向往，同时，也反映了我国古代劳动人民对美好生活的追求。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,通假字,1.选贤与能（通“举”，选拔）2.矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养（通“鳏”，指老而无妻的人）,古今异义,1.大道之行也（古义：儒家推崇的上古时代的政治制度今义：宽而长的路）2.男有分，女有归（古义：归宿今义：回来）3.盗窃乱贼而不作（古义：作乱今义：没有秩序，没有条理）,一词多义,今天下三分（）,男有分（）,货恶其弃于地也（）,君子成人之美，不成人之恶（）,动词，分裂,名词，职分，职守,动词，讨厌、憎恶,名词，罪恶,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,选贤与能（）,颇与中国同俗（）,故人不独亲其亲（）,矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养（）,通“举”，推荐,连词，和,副词，单，只,形容词，老而无子的人,1.不独亲其亲，不独子其子（意动用法，以为亲，以为子）2.老有所终，壮有所用（形容词作名词，老年人，壮年人）,词类活用,判断句：大道之行也，天下为公。（“也”表判断）倒装句：货恶其弃于地也，不必藏于己。（介宾短语后置句，应为“于己藏”）,文言句式,1.结构严谨，说理透彻。,文章第一层首先对“大同”社会进行纲领性说明，然后从三个方面阐述“大同”社会的基本特征，最后总括并定名为“大同”。全面具体地展现了古人关于人类美好社会的构想。,2.阐述道理，条理清晰。,文章在阐明“大同”社会政治纲领的内容时，按逻辑关系，由政权归属谈到政权所属的条件，最后谈到在德才兼备的领导者的管理下，所呈现的和谐、平等的人际关系。在阐明之后，,很自然地阐述了在这些纲领维护下的“大同”社会的基本特征，分三个方面展开，从物质生活谈到了理想观念。既全面又有条理，清晰地反映了作者的思路。,孔子名言：,1.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。2.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。3.三人行，必有我师焉；择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一、背诵虽有嘉肴，说说这篇短文的中心论点是什么，作者是怎样进行论述的。,课后习题参考答案,参考答案：中心论点：教学相长。在论述时，先以“虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也”作比，继而引入“虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也”，进而又从教与学两个方面加以分析论证，最后归结到“教学相长”这个结论。,二、背诵大道之行也，归纳一下儒家的大同社会理想包括哪些方面。,参考答案：人人都能受到全社会的关爱；人人都能安居乐业；人人都珍惜劳动成果，却毫无自私自利之心(物尽其用，人尽其力)。,三、这两则短文多运用对偶句，造成铺排效果，增强了文章的气势。试从两篇中各举一例加以分析。,参考答案：例：“虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也”，多使用对偶句,句式整齐，读来朗朗上口,节奏感强，颇有韵律美，其间道理易于让人理解、接受。,“货物其弃于地也，不必藏于己；力恶其不出于身也，不必为己”，对偶句，结构整齐，增强语势，描绘了大同社会的美好境界，使文章的论证更加生动、形象、全面、有力，突出了“大同”思想的中心。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成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