高中英语Unit 1 Period 4Grammar and usage

Unit 1Period 4 Grammar and usageThe General Idea of This Period:In this period, well learn the usage of the Present Perfect Tense and the PresentPerfect Continuous Tense. Then deal with some exercises about them to consolidate them.Teaching Aim.Introduce the usage of the Present Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.Teaching Important Point.The basic usage of the Present Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.Teaching Difficult Point:How to help the students to learn the Present Perfect Tense and the PresentPerfect Continuous Tense efficiently.Teaching Method:Deduction to present the usage of the Present Perfect Tense and the PresentPerfect Continuous Tense.Teaching Aid:a multimediaTeaching Procedures:Step 1 Greetings and revision1. Greet the whole class as usual.2. Check their homework .Step 2 Lead-inT: So far we have learned many kinds of tenses. Today we will learn about two kinds of tenses that are similar in form.In this period, students are first expected to learn about the present perfect tense. Then they will learn how to use the present perfect continuous tense.Step 3 Present perfect tensePresent perfect, functionThe present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself. The present perfect can be used to describe:1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.e.g. I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.e.g. She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isnt over yet.)3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.e.g. We have visited Portugal several times.4. An action that was completed in the very recent past, (expressed by just).e.g. I have just finished my work.5. An action when the time is not important.e.g. He has read War and Peace. (the result of his reading is important)Present perfect ,formHave / has + V-ede,g I have finished my homework.She has not been to the Great Wall .Please look at the two sentences on the blackboard and answer the questions below them.Show the following on the screen.1. Jack was ill last Sunday.Q1: Is Jack ill now?2. Jack has been ill since last Sunday.Q2: When did Jack fall ill?Q3: Is he still ill now?3. Toms failure in the exam has made his father angry.Q4: Has Tom failed in the exam recently?Q5: Was his father angry with him in the recent past?Q6 Is he still angry with him?Answers: 1: No. 2: Last Sunday. 3: Yes. 4: Yes. 5: Yes. 6: Maybe.T: Now, please go over the rules and examples on page 8. Then we will do some practice about use of this tense.Let students complete the diary on page 8 using the correct forms of the verbs. Ask students to judge which rule is used in each blank. Finally, check the answers.Step 4 Present perfect continuous tenseIn this step, students will learn how the present perfect continuous tense is formed and in whatcircumstances it is often used.Present perfect continuous, formhave / has been + doingShe has been running.I have been painting the room the whole afternoon.Present perfect continuous, functionThe present perfect continuous refers to an unspecified time between before now and now. The speaker is thinking about something that started but perhaps did not finish in that period of time. He / she is interested in the process as well as the result, and this process may still be going on, or may have just finished.Examples:1. Actions that started in the past and continue in the presenta. She has been waiting for you all day (= and shes still waiting now).b. Ive been working on this report since eight oclock this morning (= and I still havent finished it).c. They have been traveling since last October (= and theyre not home yet).2. Actions that have just finished, but we are interested in the resultsa. She has been cooking since last night (= and the food on the table looks delicious).b. Its been raining (= and the streets are still wet).c. Someones been eating my chips (= half of them have gone).: Now read the two example sentences in Points 1 and 2 on page 9 and answer some questions.Show the following on the screen.Q1: Have I been sleeping well after I returned home?Q2: Can I sleep well now?Q3: Did Mavis wait for Kelly an hour ago?Q4: Is Mavis still waiting for Kelly?Answers: l: No. 2: No, most probably not. 3: No. 4: No, Kelly has arrived.T: Now, you may have got some idea about the present perfect continuous tense. Please read the three points on page 9. Then we are going to do some practice.(After a while.)T: Look at the pictures on page 9. This is from the website of Dr Frank. He is a scientist doingresearch on some mysteries. You should refer to the notes above the pictures and then complete the sentences below. Judge which tense should be used in each sentence according to the time reference. Try to answer the following questions before you finish the exercise.Show the questions to students. These questions will help students to judge which tense they should use in each sentence.Questions:In picture 2, do the aliens still talk to Dr Frank?In picture 3, does Dr Frank still take photos of Yetis nowadays?picture 4, how long has Dr Frank watched the Loch Ness? Is he still watching them?In picture 5, when did Dr Frank see the UFOs? Does he still see UFO at present?In picture 6, has Dr Frank finished his book on UFOs? Is he still writing it?After students finish the blanks, check the answers. The fifth picture doesnt require use of the present prefect continuous tense. Students should be able to tell why.T: Not all the sentences should use the present perfect continuous tense. Which one is an exception? Why?S: The fifth. We should use present perfect tense here because he was the UFOs last week and he doesnt see any at present.Step IV Present perfect or present perfect continuousIn this step, students will try to distinguish the two tenses and finish some exercises about them.T: Up till now, we have learnt two tenses and gone over their forms and usages. Look at the following two .examples and try to tell the differences between them.Show the following two sentences to students.Who has eaten my apples?Who has been eating my apples?S: I can see that the present perfect tense is used in the first sentence while the present perfect continuous tense is used in the second one. Though these two sentences ask the same question but they are different in meanings: The first sentence means all the apples have been eaten and none is left while the second sentence means some apples are still left uneaten.T: Good explanation. Now can you make a conclusion about the two tenses and list their differences in your own words? You may have a discussion with your partner first.Teacher may also draw two pictures on the blackboard to show how these two sentences are different in meaning.After that let students read the four points on page 10 and find out more differences between the two tenses.Then let them do exercise A on page 11 and give the reason why they make that kind of choice.As to part B, first let students talk about the pictures and discuss the questions in groups and then write a story by themselves.T: I know you all like reading comic strips. They are full of imagination and very enjoyable. Now lets read the comic strip on page 11. What are the main characters in it?S: Two aliens and a boy.T: What are they talking about? Below the pictures, there are several questions. Talk about thesequestions with your partners and then use your answers to write a story. Use your imaginationand be creative. Pay attention to the use of tenses, the present perfect tense or the present perfect continuous tense?Sample answers to the questions:1. Maybe the boy has been waiting at a bus station (subway entrance).2. Maybe they have been traveling in a special spaceship. It may look like a round-shaped plate.3. The aliens have talked to the boys parents and other neighbors.4. They have visited many planets except the earth such as the Mars, the Saturn, the Pluto, the Venus and so on.Step 5 PracticeAsk students to read the newspaper article in Reading again and found out the sentences using the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense.T: Now you are required to read the article Boy missing, police puzzled again and pick out the sentences using the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense. Read them repeatedly until you get very familiar with them. Then tell each other why this tense is used and which role it follows.Present perfect tense1. Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing two days ago in Dover, New Hampshire. (role 1)2. People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sightings of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time of his disappearance. (rule 2)3. I havent seen Justin since. (rule 2)4. Some people