2017年考研英语词汇必考18类词根.docx

很多同学提到记单词就头疼，感觉单词总也背不完、记不会，实际上英文的构词与中文的偏旁部首有着异曲同工之妙，要想快速牢固记忆，就要学会利用词根、词缀知识来解构单词，从而在理解中分析单词、记忆单词。掌握相应的词根、词缀和单词构成知识，就可以以一带十，用四两拨千金的“巧力”记住海量单词。基于考研英语的大纲词汇及高频词汇，为了提高各位同学的英语词汇记忆效率，请同学们率先从以下词根串联起的必考词汇入手学习，从而使自己的词汇学习由多变少，由生变熟，由难变易，使学习英语单词成为一种乐趣、一种富有成就感的事情。第一、词根：gen = to be born出生，race种族1.genius助记：gen(出生)+ius(.的品质)生来就有的品质天资，天才释义：n.天才;天赋;天才人物举例：This is the mark of her real genius as a designer.这展现了她作为设计师的真正天赋。2.genuine助记：gen(出生)+u +ine(像.的)像初生婴儿般的真诚的，真实的释义：adj.真正的;坦率的，真诚的举例：If this offer is genuine, I will gladly accept it.如果这份帮助是真诚的，我将愉快地接受它。3.homogeneous助记：homo(同类的)+gene(种族)+ous(形容词后缀)同一种族人组成的同类的释义：adj.同性质的，同类的;由相同(或同类型)事物(或人)组成的举例：Russia is ethnically relatively homogeneous.俄罗斯是个民族成分相对单一的国家。4.pregnant助记：pre(在前)+gnant(=gent出生)在生产前的怀孕的释义：adj.怀孕的;孕育着的;富于想象的;富于成果的举例：Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk damaging the unborn foetus.孕妇酗酒可能会危及腹中胎儿。第二、词根：medi = middle中间1.medieval助记：medi(中间)+ eva(=era时代)+al(形容词后缀)中间时代的中世纪的释义：adj.中古的，中世纪的举例：The house is a textbook example of medieval domestic architecture.这所房子是典型的中世纪民居。2.medium助记：medi(中间)+um(=thing事物)达成目标的中间事物媒介，工具释义：n.媒介物，媒质;手段，方法;中间物;adj.中等的，中级的;普通的;平均的举例：Blood is the medium in which oxygen is carried to all parts of the body.血液是把氧气输送到身体各部分的媒介。3.immediate助记：im(否定前缀)+medi(中间)+ate(形容词后缀)不经过中间过程直接的，立刻的释义：adj.立即的;直接的，最接近的;目前的举例：The economy needs an immediate 2 per cent cut in interest rates.当前经济状况需要立即将利率下调两个百分点。4.intermediate助记：inter(=between在.中间)+medi(中间)+ate(形容词后缀)在中间的中间的，中等程度的释义：adj.中间的，中级的;n.中间物，中间分子，中间人举例：This country is now at an intermediate stage of development.这个国家目前正处于发展的中间阶段。4.revolt助记：re(=against反抗)+ volt(卷，转)对抗旋转，拒绝卷入造反，反抗释义：v.反叛，背叛;厌恶，反感;n.造反，起义举例：Soon the entire armed forces were in open revolt.很快，整个武装部队开始公然抗命。第五、词根：tend, tens = to stretch拉伸1.attend助记：at(=ad=to到，向)+ tend(拉伸)注意力伸向专心，注意释义：v.出席，参加;致力于，献身于;侍候，照顾;关注举例：Syria will attend only if the negotiations deal with issues of substance.只有在谈判涉及重大问题时叙利亚才会参加。2.contend助记：con(一起)+ tend(拉伸)一起伸手争夺竞争，争夺释义：vi.争夺;竞争;争斗;vt.声称，主张;争论，争辩举例：It is time, once again, to contend with racism.又一次到了与种族主义战斗的时刻了。3.extend助记：ex(向外)+ tend(拉伸)向外拉伸使延伸释义：vt. & vi.延伸;扩大;推广举例：The high-speed train service is planned to extend from Paris to Bordeaux.高铁拟从巴黎延伸至波尔多。4.intend助记：in(=toward朝向)+ tend(拉伸)思想趋向于打算，计划释义：v.意欲，计划;为特殊目的而设计举例：They intend to claim for damages against the three doctors.他们打算向那3位医生索要损害赔偿。5.intense助记：in(表加强)+ tense(拉伸)拉伸到极点，绷紧的剧烈的，强烈的释义：adj.热情的，强烈的，紧张的;热烈的，认真的举例：He was sweating from the intense heat.由于剧烈的热量，他一直出汗。第六、词根：form 形成，形状1.formal助记：form(形成)+ al(形容词后缀)形式上的，正式的释义：adj.(学校教育或培训)正规的;方式上的;礼仪上的举例：A formal contract is signed which is renewable annually.正式签订了每年可续签的合同。2.formation助记：form(形成)+ ation(名词后缀)形成，形成物释义：n.形成;构成，结构;形成物举例：My profession had an important influence in the formation of my character and temperament.我的职业对我性格和脾气的形成有重要的影响。3.conform助记：con(=with一起)+ form(形状)与形状一致使一致释义：vt.使遵守;使一致;使顺从;vi.符合;遵照;adj.一致的;顺从的举例：Taxis must conform to the rigorous standards laid down by the police.出租车必须遵守警方的严格规定。4.perform助记：per(完全地)+ form(形成)使完全成形做，履行释义：v.执行;履行;做;进行;运行，表现举例：He had not performed well in his exams.过去考试他都考得不好。5.reform助记：re(又，再)+ form(形成)再次形成改良，改进释义：n.改革，改良，改造;v.改革，改善举例：The government wanted to reform the institutions, to shake up the country.政府想要实施机构改革，整顿国家。6.transform助记：trans(穿过)+ form(形状)从一种形状到另一种形状改观释义：v.改变;改观;变换举例：She actually wanted to reconstruct the state and transform society.她实际上想要重建国家，改造社会。7.uniform助记：uni(=one单一)+ form(形式)单一的形式一律的，一致的释义：v.使规格一律;使均一;n.制服;军服;adj.(形状，性质等)一样的;规格一致的举例：The police wear dark blue uniforms.警察穿深蓝色制服。第七、词根：cur, course = to run流，跑1.current助记：cur(流)+ ent(形容词、名词后缀)正在流过的事物水流，思潮;当前的释义：n.趋势;电流;水流;adj.现在的;最近的;流行的举例：He must sell the house for the current market value.他必须以目前的市价出售这座房子。2.excursion助记：ex(=out向外)+ cur(流，跑)+ sion(名词后缀)跑出去远足，短途旅行释义：n.(尤指集体)远足;短途旅行，游览举例：In Bermuda, Sams father took him on an excursion to a coral barrier.在百慕大，萨姆的父亲带他去了一趟到珊瑚堤的短途旅行。3.incur助记：in(=into进入)+ cur(流，跑)带进来某种结果招致，引起释义：vt.招致，引起;遭受举例：The government had also incurred huge debts.政府也已负债累累。4.occur助记：oc(=ob=towards朝着)+ cur(流，跑)事情向跑来发生，出现释义：vi.发生;出现;闪现举例：If these drugs are stopped abruptly then some symptoms may occur.如果突然停服这些药，则可能出现一些症状。4.discourse助记：dis(=apart分开)+ cur(流，跑)跑开，绕着跑(围绕)论述，交谈释义：v.叙述;讨论;演说;n.论述，交谈举例：Gates responds with a lengthy discourse on deployment strategy.盖茨以一篇有关部署策略的鸿篇大论予以回应。5.intercourse助记：inter(在之间)+ cur(流，跑)在之间跑来跑去的交流往来，交流释义：n.交流，交往，交际举例：The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。第八、词根：graph, gram = to write写1.bibliography助记：biblio(形似Bible=book)+graph(写)+ y(名词后缀)写书需要的材料参考书目，文献释义：n.参考书目;文献目录举例：At the end of this chapter there is a select bibliography of useful books.本章末尾附着有用书籍的精选书目。2. geography助记：geo(地球，土地)+ graph(写)+ y(名词后缀)对地球的描述地理学释义：n.地理(学);地形，地势;布局举例：The American continents geography severely limited the lines of attack.美洲大陆的地形严重限制了进攻路线。3.telegraph助记：tele(=afar在远处)+ graph(写)写好后送到远方的通信方式电报释义：n.电报;电讯;v.发电报举例：Churchill telegraphed an urgent message to Wavell.丘吉尔给韦维尔发了一个急电。4.program(me)助记：pro(=beforehand事先，预先的)+ gram(写)行动前事先写好的方案，程序释义：n.程序;节目;计划，安排;v. 计给编写程序;为制定计划举例：The reform program has brought unacceptably high unemployment and falling wages.改革计划造成了令人无法接受的高失业率和工资水平下降。5. telegram助记：tele(=afar在远处)+ gram(写)写给远方的消息电报，电文释义：n.电报;v.用电报发送，发电报举例：They rifled through the whole file but could not find the secret telegram.他们把整个卷宗翻了一遍，也没有找到那份秘密电报。第九、词根：ply, plic, ple = to fold折叠1.apply助记：ap(=ad=to接触)+ ply(折叠)折叠起来，使产生接触应用，施用于释义：v.应用，运用;申请;适用，适合举例：The government appears to be applying the same principle.政府似乎在运用同样的原则。2. imply助记：im(在里)+ ply(折叠)折进表面含义中暗示，暗指释义：vt.& vi.暗示;意味;隐含;说明，表明举例：Cheerfulness doesnt always imply happiness.快活并不总是意味着幸福。3.multiply助记：multi(多次)+ ply(折叠)折叠多次，翻了多倍成倍增加，乘释义：vt.& vi.乘;(使)相乘;(使)增加;(使)繁殖举例：Such disputes multiplied in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.此类争论在18世纪和19世纪大大增加。4.complicate助记：com(=together一起)+ plic(折叠)+ate(动词后缀)多种情况重叠在一起使变复杂释义：vt.使复杂化;使错综，使混乱;adj.复杂的;麻烦的举例：These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。5.duplicate助记：du(=two两个)+ plic(折叠)+ ate(动词后缀，使)折叠处两个一样的复制释义：v.复制;复印;重复举例：Charles scored again, with an exact duplicate of his first goal.查尔斯再次得分,与第一次破门如出一辙。6.explicit助记：ex(=out向外)+ plic(折叠)+ it(形容词后缀)向外露出里面的内容清楚表明的释义：adj.明确的，清楚的;直言的;不隐瞒的举例：He gave me very explicit directions on how to get there.他清楚地向我说明了去那儿的路线。第十、词根：sid, sess = to sit坐1.preside助记：pre(=before在前)+ side(坐)坐在最前面主持释义：vi.主持，指挥;担任会议主席举例：They asked if I would preside at the committee meeting.他们问我是否会主持委员会会议。2. resident助记：re(反复)+ sid(坐)+ ent(表示人)常坐在某一地的人居民释义：n.居民;(旅馆的)住宿者;adj.定居的，常驻的举例：Local resident groups have united in opposition to the plan.当地居民团体已联合起来反对这项计划。3. subsidy助记：sub(在下)+ sid(坐)+y(名词后缀)坐在下面次要的位置上(辅助，支持)补助释义：n.补贴;津贴;助学金;奖金举例：European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts.欧洲农场主正策划一场抗议削减农场补贴的大规模示威游行。4.session助记：sess(坐)+ ion(名词后缀)坐在一起开会会议，会期释义：n.开会，会议;(法庭的)开庭;会期，学期举例：After two late night sessions, the Security Council has failed to reach agreement.开过两次深夜会议之后，安理会仍未能达成协议。5.obsession助记：ob(=against反对，对面)+ sess(坐)+ion(名词后缀)敌人坐在对面，兵临城下(围攻，思想上攻陷)着迷释义：n.着魔，萦绕;使人痴迷的人(或物)举例：Their work is frequently an obsession that overrides all other considerations.他们对工作的痴迷常常超乎其他一切。6.possess助记：pos(=position位置)+ sess(坐)坐拥某位置拥有释义：vt.拥有;掌握，懂得;主宰举例：She pretends to various abilities she doesnt, in fact, possess.她自称有种种她事实上并不具有的才能。第十一、词根：man, manu = hand手1.manipulate助记：man(手)+ pul(看作pull拉)+ate(动词后缀)用手拉着线操纵控制，操作释义：vt.操作，处理;巧妙地控制;操纵举例：She was unable, for once, to control and manipulate events.她仅有一次没能控制和处理好局势。2.manual助记：manu(手)+ al(形容词后缀)手工的，体力的释义：adj.用手的;手制的，手工的举例：He is a skilled manual worker.他是一名熟练的手工工人。3.manufacture助记：manu(手)+fact(做)用手做制造，加工释义：vt.制造，生产;虚构;加工;n.制造;制成品，产品举例：The factory is now trying to manufacture a new model.这家工厂现正试制一种新产品。4.manu助记：manu(手)+ (写)手写的东西手稿，手写本释义：n.手稿;原稿;手写本;adj.手写的，手抄的举例：The manu had already been sent off to the printers.原稿已经寄给印刷厂了。第十二、词根：sequ, secut =to follow跟随1.sequence助记：sequ(跟随)+ ence(名词后缀)跟随在一起一系列，一连串释义：n. 数数列，序列;顺序;连续;vt.使按顺序排列，安排顺序举例：He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.他描述了抢劫案发生前的一系列有关情况。2.consequence助记：con(一起)+ sequ(跟随)+ ence(名词后缀)一起随之而来的结果释义：n.结果，成果;逻结论;重要性;推论举例：Wastage was no doubt a necessary consequence of war.巨大的损耗无疑是战争的必然结果。3.subsequent助记：sub(下面)+ sequ(跟随)+ent(形容词后缀)下面将要跟随而来的后来的释义：adj.后来的;随后的;作为结果而发生的;附随的举例：Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。4.consecutive助记：con(一起)+ secut(跟随)+ive(形容词后缀)一个跟着一个来的连续不断的释义：adj.连续的，连贯的举例：The Cup was won for the third consecutive year by the Toronto Maple Leafs.这个奖杯连续第三年由多伦多枫叶队赢去了。5.persecute助记：per(贯穿)+ secut(跟随)始终紧追不放迫害释义：vt.(尤指宗教或政治信仰的)迫害;烦扰，困扰;强求举例：They persecute those who do not conform to their ideas.他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。6.prosecute助记：pro(向前)+ secut(跟随)追上前，采取进一步行动继续从事或参与释义：v.控告;起诉;继续从事;担任控方律师举例：The police have decided not to prosecute because the evidence is not strong enough.由于证据不足，警方已决定不起诉。第十三、词根：rupt= to break打破1. abrupt助记：ab(=off脱离)+rupt(打破)突然折断突然的，唐突的释义：adj.突然的，意外的; 无理的，唐突的举例：(1) Cross was a little taken aback by her abrupt manner.她鲁莽的态度让克罗斯感到有点吃惊。(2) He was abrupt to the point of rudeness.他唐突到了无礼的地步。2. corrupt助记：cor(=com完全)+ rupt(打破)完全断裂的堕落的，全腐坏的释义：adj.*的，堕落的;v.(使)腐烂;(使)堕落举例：(1) The protesters say the government is corrupt and inefficient.抗议者称政府*无能。(2) Power tends to corrupt.权力容易造成腐化。3.disrupt助记：dis(=apart分开)+ rupt(打破)破裂开来使中断释义：vt.使混乱;使分裂;破坏;使中断;adj.混乱的;分裂的，中断的举例：(1) The war seemed likely to disrupt the state.战争可能使这个国家分裂。(2) I hope their disrupt friendship will be renewed.我希望他们中断的友谊会继续起来。4.erupt助记：e(=out爆发)+rupt(打破)爆发，突然发生释义：v.爆发;喷出举例：The volcano erupted in 1980, devastating a large area of Washington State.这座火山1980年喷发，摧毁了华盛顿州的大片地区。5. interrupt助记：inter(在中间)+rupt(打破)在中间断开打断，打岔释义：vt.中断;打断;插嘴;n.中断举例：We interrupt our programs for a newsflash.我们中断节目，插播一条重要新闻。第十四、词根：strain, stress, strict=to draw tight拉紧1. constrain助记：con(表示加强)+strain(拉紧)使劲拉紧强迫，迫使释义：vt.强迫;强使;限制;约束举例：Women are too often constrained by family commitments and by low expectations.女性往往受到家庭责任和低期望值的束缚。2. restrain助记：re(=back往回)+ strain(拉紧)往回用力拉制止，抑制释义：vt.抑制，压抑;限定，限制举例：If you cant restrain your dog you must lock it up.如果你无法管住你的狗,就必须把它关起来。3. distress助记：dis(分离)+ stress(拉紧)迫于压力而分开使痛苦释义：vt.使痛苦，使忧伤;n.悲痛;危难，不幸举例：(1)The idea of Toni being in danger distresses him enormously.想到托尼正处于危险中，他心急如焚。(2) Jealousy causes distress and painful emotions.嫉妒会带来忧虑和痛苦。4. restrict助记：re(再一次)+ strict(拉紧)进一步拉紧限制，约束释义：vt.限制，限定;约束，束缚举例：The hospital may restrict bookings to people living locally.这家医院可能会限定只有当地居民才能预约。第十五、词根：clos, clud = to shut关闭1. closet助记：clos(关闭)+ et(小的物)封闭的小空间小房间，壁橱释义：n.壁橱;密室;贮藏室;adj.隐蔽的，暗藏的举例：(1) Its just an old rag I had in the closet.这只不过是我挂在壁橱里的旧衣服罢了。(2) I suspect hes a closet fascist.我怀疑他是秘密的法西斯分子。2. disclose助记：dis(表示相反的动作)+ close(关闭)打开暴露，揭露释义：vt.公开;揭露;使显露;使暴露举例：The spokesman refused to disclose details of the takeover to the press.发言人拒绝向新闻界透露公司收购的详细情况。3. enclose助记：en(=in在内)+ close(关闭)关在里面围起来释义：vt.(用墙、篱笆等)把围起来;把装入信封;附入举例：Please enclose a stamped self-addressed envelope.请随信寄来一个贴好邮票的回信信封。4. conclude助记：con(加强语气)+ clud(关闭)结束，下结论释义：v.得出结论;结束;推断出举例：(1) So what can we conclude from this debate?那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论?(2) If the clubs cannot conclude a deal, an independent tribunal will decide.如果俱乐部之间无法达成协议，将由一个独立的仲裁委员会来裁定。5. preclude助记：pre(=before前，向前)+ clud(关闭)在进入前关闭阻止，妨碍释义：vt.阻止;排除;妨碍举例：(1) We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努力排除任何误解的可能性。(2) Their move does not preclude others from investing.他们这一行动并不影响其他人进行投资。6. exclude助记：ex(外面)+ clud(关闭)将关在外面把排除在外释义：vt.排除，不包括;排斥;驱除，赶出举例：(1) Further examination is needed to exclude the chance of disease.需要进一步检查以排除患病的可能。(2) The university had no right to exclude the student from the examination.学校无权阻止这位学生参加考试。第十六、词根：tain,ten= to hold, to keep抓住，保持1.contain助记：con(一起)+tain (抓住)抓在一起容纳，包含释义：vt.包含，容纳举例：Our range of herbal teas contain no preservatives, colourings or artificial flavourings.我们这一系列的药草茶不含防腐剂、色素以及人工调味品。2.detain助记：de(向下)+ tain(抓住)把某人扣下拘留，阻留释义：v.留住，阻住;耽搁;拘留，扣留举例：The act allows police to detain a suspect for up to 48 hours.该法令允许警方将嫌疑犯扣押最多48小时。3.maintain助记：main(=mani=hand，用手)+ tain(抓住，保持)用手抓住保持住，维持释义：vt.保持;保养;坚持举例：In New Zealand, the Maori people maintain a strong cultural tradition.在新西兰，毛利人保持着深厚的文化传统。4. entertain助记：enter(=inter在中间)+ tain(保持)在大家之间保持愉快的气氛招待，使快乐释义：vt.热情款待;使有兴趣举例：(1) She had to entertain some boring local bigwigs.她不得不款待当地一些无聊的大人物。(2) The television programme is designed to educate and not merely to entertain.这个电视节目不仅是为了娱乐而且是为了教育而设计的。5. sustain助记：sus(=sub=under在下面)+ tain(抓住，保持)从下面抓住支撑，使保持释义：vt.维持;支撑，支持举例：Their defense markets are too small to sustain economically viable production runs.他们的国防市场太小，就经济可行性而言不足以维持生产。第十七、词根：spir = to breath呼吸1.aspire助记：a(加强)+ spire(呼吸)呼吸急切，非常想要渴望释义：v.渴望，立志，追求举例：For us, it