英语常见前缀和后缀.doc

Commonly Used Prefixes and SuffixesI. Prefixes英语单词中的前缀就好比众多词汇的姓氏，掌握单词的前缀，就找到了一条扩大词汇量的捷径。 但是一般而言， 前缀只用于改变原词义，增添新词义或加强原词义，不改变单词本身的词性。 但是有三个例外， be-, en-/ em-, a-, 这三个前缀并不改变单词的基本意义， 而是改变单词的词性。Memorizing the following Prefixes, Suffixes:Prefixes:1. co-/com-/ con-/ col-: together一起 coexist, collaborate, 2. re-: again, back, againstredo, review, refresh, renew, restore, reconstruct, reunion, recall, recede, react, reject, resist3. ex-: former and still living, out, outsideExport, expose, exit, extract, expel, exhale, ex-president, ex-mayor, ex-wife, ex-boyfriend 4. inter-: betweenInternational, interschool, inter-group, interact5. intro-/ intra-: within, inwardIntra-company, introspect, intra-office, intra-school6. semi-: half Semifinal, semiofficial半官方的, semidetached半独立的semicircle, semiconductor,7. mono-/ uni-: one, single Monocycle单轮车, monotone单调, monorail单轨, monoplane单翼飞机, monolingual单语言, monosyllable单音节, monologue独白 Unique, uniform, unilateral8. bi-/di- / du- : two, double bicycle, bilateral, dialogue, dioxide, duplex, duplicate9. tri-: three triangle, triangular, trilingual, tricycle, trilateral10. quadric-/ quadr(a)-: four, one fourth quadrilateral, quadrangle, quadrant11. quinqu(e)-/ quint-/ penta-: five quinquelateral, quinquesection, quinquagenarian, quinquangular, quintessence, pentagon, pentathlon12. sex-/ hex(a)-: six sexagenarian, sextant, sexangular, hexagon, hexagonal13. sept-/ hept-: seven septangle, septangular, septuagenarian, septennial, heptathlon14. pre-: before preview, predict, prehistoric, prejob, premature, presuppose15. per-: through persist16. oct(o)-/ oct(a)-: eight octogenarian, octagon/octogon, octopus/ octopus, octennial17. ennea-: nine enneasyllable, enneagon18. dec(a)-/ deci-: ten, one tenthdecade, decathlon, decagon, decimal, decimeter, decapod19. kilo-/ milli-/ mille-: one thousand, one thousandthKilogram, kilometer, milligrade, millimeter, milliliter, millisecond, millennium20. demi-/ hemi-/ quasi-: half Demigod, hemisphere, quasiofficial, quasischolar21. holo-/ pan-: all Hologram, pan American, pan African, Pan Am.22. omni-: all, all over omnipresent, omniscience, omnisex, omnivore/ omnivorous23. poly-: many polyfunction, polysyllable24. ante-: beforeanteroom, anteport, antedate, ante meridiem25. audit-/ aud-: hearingaudience, audible, auditorium, auditor, audiometer, audio-visual26. auto-: selfautograph, autobiography, automatic, automat, autoalarm, automobile27. be-: makebelittle, becalm, befriend, befool28. extra-: beyond (the opposite of intra-, intro-) Extracurricular, extraordinary29. counter-: in the opposite direction, againstCounterattack反攻, counterrevolution反革命, counteraction反作用, counterview相反的观点, counter-espionage department反间谍部30. post-: after, postwar, postpone, post meridiem31. anti-: against Antitank反坦克, antiwar反战, antifreeze防冻剂, antibiotic抗生素32. non-: not Non-natural非自然, nonmetal非金属, nonstandard不标准 nonsense, non-stop, non-smoking area33. multi-: many Multimedia multiple multitude34. super-: above, more than Supersonic plane超音速飞机35. hyper-: extremely, too Hypercritical吹毛求疵, hypersensitive过度敏感, hypertension过度紧张, hyperacid过酸36. trans-: across, from one place to another placeTransport transmigrate transplant37. de-: acting against, down, away使离开，除掉Detract depose38. pro-: before, forward, for, in favor of 向前 有倾向Proclaim pro-America亲美的, pro-Japan 亲日的, pro-war好战的 39. sub-: under Subway地铁, subterranean地下的 subtract40. over-: too much, above, over, beyondOver-+adj.: overcredulous, overanxious, overexcitedOver-+n.: overweight, over-bridge/ overpass, overloadOver-+v.: overact, overburden, overdo, overeat, overestimate, overpay, oversleep41. a-/an-: not, withoutAhistorical与历史无关的 asexcial无性别的 amoral无道德的（跟道德无关的） asocial不交际，不合群的apolitical不关政治的 anharmonic不和谐的 anelectric不起电的42. neo-: new, revived Neoclassical新古典主义43. fore-: before, in front of Forehead前额, foresee预见, foreknow预知, foreknowledge 预知, forefather祖先44. mal-: badly, ill, wronglyMaltreat虐待, mal-position错位, malfunction失灵, maladjusted, malodorous恶臭的, malformation畸形, malnutrition营养不良45. pseudo-: false, pretended Pseudoscience假科学, pseudo-intellectual假知识, pseudonym假名，笔名, pseudopod（变形虫等的）假足，伪足46. out-: more than, better than, be superiorOutflow, out-tell, out-rush, outdoor, outwork满， 多，户外outgo, outlive, outplay, outlast, outscore, outrank47. arch-: chief, main主要的，中心的 Arch enemy主要敌人, archbishop主教49. en-/ em-: put into, to make Enlarge, empower, enrich, entitle50. ad-/ as-/ at-/ af-/: to 向前，表运动的方向，变化，附近之意Attract affirm admit51. epi-: upon Epicenter震中=the part of the earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake52. dis-: not, apartfrom, away Dismiss, disagree, distrust, disjoin 53. syn-/sym-/syl-: together, same Synchronize (time):同时发生, synonym54. se-= dis-: apart, away Seduce: to lead astray诱惑（入歧途）, seducer55. circum-: around绕着，周围 Circumspect: to look around小心谨慎56. contra-: against Contradiction: to deny the statement反对57. ab-: away Abduct: to lead away强迫使离开（诱拐，挟持）58. bene-: well, good Benediction：blessing 祝福语, benefit, benevolent, beneficent, benefact59. un-: not, negative Untrue, unbelievable, unchangeable, uncomfortable, uncertainty, unambitious, unconscious60. physic-: of the body, of living things 61. vice-: the next in rank to 副的 Vice-president vice-chairman62. in-/ im-/ il-/ir-: not, into, in, on, withoutInable, incapable, invade, insert, impossible, imbalance, immoral, imperfect, immigrate, illegal, illiterate, irresponsible, irrelevant, irregular63. bio-: life, living biology64. auto-: same, by itself, by oneself automobile, autobiography65. mis-: badly, wrong Misunderstanding, misspell, misfortune66. manu-: hand manuscript, manufactureSuffixesI. noun suffixes1. er/ -or/ -ian/ -ant/ -ent/ -ess/ -ee/ -ist/ -ar/ -eer/ : people or sth.Writer, baker, keeper, actor, collector, inspector, savior, Egyptian, technician, historian, assistant, servant, waitress, princess, stewardess, employee, trainee, trustee, artist, tourist, beggar, scholar, liar, volunteer, engineer, profiteer2. logy/ -ology: n. the science or study of psychology, biology3. ence/ -ance/ -acy/ -age/ -ency/ -ancy: n. Difference, preference, appearance, privacy, candidacy, literacy, primacy, orphanage, postage, urgency, emergency, frequency, elegancy, constancy, vacancy4. ness: n. the condition of (adj+-ness=noun) Kindness, happiness, 5. ment: n. the action or condition of (verb+-ment=noun) movement, employment, unemployment, enjoyment6. ion/ -tion/ -sion/ -ation/ -ition: n. the action or process of 7. ity/ -ty: n. a state or quality Reality, equality, futurity, ability, certainty, cruelty8. ese/ -ish/ -(i)an: n./a. nationality or language or peopleChinese, British, Italian, Indian, Roman, Russian, 9. ship: n. the quality or condition of, the art of friendship, scholarship, professorship 10. ary: n. centenary一百年的II. adj. suffixes11. y: a. the existence or condition of （noun+-y=adj） Cloudy sunny windy12. able/ -ible: a. capable of , can Capable disable movable incredible expressible13. ful: a. having the characteristic of (noun+-ful=adj.) Helpful useful14. al: a. connected with, relating to historical, economical15. ive: a. indicates that a type of action is very probable Active positive16. ish: a./n more or le