写作话题词汇中文释义.doc

写作话题词汇中文释义关键词汇：subject/discipline/area/关键搭配： 核心课程 core subject, main subject,额外课程 additional subject,文科 arts/science subject,学科 academic subject关键词汇：curriculum关键搭配： 多种课程 diverse curriculum, wide curriculum, broad curriculum, areas of curriculum关键词汇： high school关键搭配： 初中生 junior high , 高中生 senior high关键词汇： education关键搭配： 博雅教育 a liberal arts education,职业教育 a vocational education,高等教育 tertiary education,义务教育/普及教育 compulsory education,应试教育 test-oriented education关键词汇： college, university , institution of higher education关键搭配： 上大学 go to a college (university, 高等教育机构 an institution of higher education) 上大学 attend a college (university, an institution of higher education),大学生 college (university) students大学毕业生 graduate from college (university) ,大学毕业 finish college (university),校方 school (university, college) authorities关键词汇： undergraduate关键搭配： 大学二年级学生 a second year undergraduate,本科生 undergraduate students (courses, degrees)关键词汇： fresh man关键搭配： 大学一年级 fresh man year, first year,大一学生 fresh man关键词汇： sophomore关键搭配： 大学二年级 sophomore year, second year,大学二年级学生 a sophomore关键词汇：junior关键搭配： 大学三年级 junior year, the third year,大学三年级学生 a junior 关键词汇： senior关键搭配： 大学四年级 senior year, the fourth year,大学四年级学生 a senior关键词汇： degree, diploma, certificate关键搭配： 学士学位 a bachelors degree,文科学士学位 Bachelor of Arts, 理科学士学位 Bachelor of Sciences,硕士学位 postgraduate, graduate a masters degree,考博 a doctorial candidate,博士学位 a Ph. D degree,授予学位 confer a degree,获得学位 receive a degree关键词汇：paper, thesis, dissertation关键搭配： 写论文 draft( prepare, produce, write, issue, publish, release) a paper/thesis/dissertation关键词汇： homework,关键搭配： 留作业 assign homework to students,完成作业 complete (finish) homework关键词汇： campus关键搭配： 大学校园 college (university campus),住在校内 live on the campus,住在校外 live off the campus关键词汇： school, faculty, department关键搭配： 医学院、法学院 a medical or law school,法律系 the Faculty of Law,工程系 the Engineering Faculty关键词汇： concentration关键搭配： 专业领域 a field of specialization ,专注于建筑、商业、旅游、法律、医学 concentrate in architecture(business, journalism, law, medicine)关键词汇：organization, group关键搭配： 学生组织 student organizations,学生会 a students union (student government, student council) ,课外小组 extracurricular groups报团、歌舞团 newspapers, singing groups,政治团体 political groups,志愿者项目 volunteer programs,大学生联谊会 fraternities and sororities关键词汇：examination关键搭配： 入学考试 entrance examination (test),准备考试 prepare for examination ,revise for examination, study for examination,参加考试 enter for examination,难度大的考试 stiff (tough, difficult) examination,选拔考试 selection examination,期末考试 end of term exam, end of year exam , final exam关键词汇：grade关键搭配： 高分 excellent (good, high, top) grade,低分 low (poor) grade,平均分 average (mean) grade,获得高分 get (receive, achieve, attain) an excellent grade关键词汇：courses关键搭配： 学分累积 accumulation of course credits ,规定科目 prescribed courses (U.S.),必修课 compulsory courses关键词汇：class关键搭配： 课程出勤 attend class,高出勤率 high class attendance,低出勤率 poor (low) class attendance,逃课 skip class,旷课 be absent from class, absence from class关键词汇：motivation关键搭配：主要动机/基本动力 main ( primary, real ,underlying) motivation, 缺少动力 high (strong) motivation, lack | lose motivation, 提升动力 improve( increase, strengthen, generate, provide) motivation ; 内加动机，外加动机 intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation.关键词汇：teacher关键搭配： 有实力，有经验的教师competent(good, inspired, skilled, qualified, experienced, senior) teacher; 实力欠缺，经验不足的教师bad ( incompetent, inexperienced) teachers ,大学教师college( primary school, university) teachers,各种学科教师EFL (English, history, maths, music, PE etc.) teachers以教师为中心的课堂，以学生为中心的课堂Teacher-centered classroom(Student-centered classroom)关键词汇：creativity关键搭配：非凡（艺术，音乐）创造力 great (artistic, musical) creativity;培养（鼓励，刺激）创造力develop( encourage, stimulate) creativity;阻碍创造力 inhibit (stifle) ones creativity关键词汇：pollution, contamination关键搭配： 大气污染 air（atmospheric）pollution,环境污染，海洋（河流，水域）污染environmental pollution, marine （river, water）pollution，化学污染（工业，核，铅，硝酸盐）污染chemical（ industrial, nuclear lead, nitrate）pollution, 噪声污染 noise pollution.导致（避免，防止，减轻，控制，阻止）污染cause (avoid, prevent, combat, control, fight) pollution ;减少污染 cut, limit, minimize, reduce pollution污染物 pollutant, contaminant关键词汇：ecosystem , sustainable development关键搭配： 生态平衡 the balance of the ecosystem,保持生态平衡preserve (maintain) the balance of the ecosystem,生态友好 eco-friendly获得可持续发展 achieve the sustainable development;生态平衡 ecological balance/equilibrium关键词汇：environment关键搭配： 自然（全球，世界，当地）环境natural (global, world, local) environment;保护环境 preserve (protect, safeguard, protect) the environment.环境保护 conservation/protection of the environment,环境破坏 damage to the environment;环境破坏最小化 minimize damage to the environment,有害于环境 harmful to the environment;对环境产生影响 have an impact on the environment;环境破坏 environmental degradation/deterioration,环保意识的 environmentally-conscious关键词汇：carbon关键搭配： 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide,低炭生活 low-carbon life关键词汇： exhaust关键搭配： 汽车（车辆，柴油，汽油）尾气car (vehicle diesel, petrol, diesel) exhaust尾气排放（烟雾，气体，污染，烟）exhaust emission( fumes, gas, pollution, smoke)关键词汇： species关键搭配： 物种灭绝 species extinction,物种保护 species preservation关键词汇：natural habitat关键搭配： 自然栖息地的破坏the destruction of natural habitats关键词汇：soil关键搭配： 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil,贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil关键词汇：waste关键搭配： 有害物质harmful (hazardous, poisonous, toxic) waste;可循环废物 recyclable waste,农业废物 agricultural waste,商业（工业，家庭）废物commercial ( industrial, domestic, household) waste; 医用废物 hospital, medical waste,核（放射性，化学，塑料，有机，动物）废物nuclear( radioactive |chemical | plastic | organic | animal) waste;食物 Food 能量 Energy 废物，垃圾 waste关键词汇：energy关键搭配： 可再生能源 renewable energy;原子（核，太阳，潮汐，风）能atomic ( nuclear, solar, wave, wind) energy,替代性能源 alternative energy产生太阳能 generate (produce, harness) solar energy;提供能源 provide(supply) energy;消耗能源 consume (use) energy;保护能源 conserve (save) energy关键词汇：chemical关键搭配： 危险化学物质dangerous( harmful, hazardous, poisonous, toxic) chemical ,农业的 agricultural, 家庭的 household,工业化学物质 industrial chemical向湖泊河流倾倒化学物质manufacture( produce, discharge) chemicals into our lakes and rivers;暴露于危险的化学物质 exposed to dangerous chemicals.化工厂 chemical factory, 工厂 plant, works,化学反应 chemical reactions关键词汇：resource关键搭配： 重要资源important (vital, adequate, sufficient ) resources,稀缺资源 limited (scarce) resources, 可再生资源 renewable (sustainable, unlimited) resources, 有限资源 finite( limited, non-renewable) resource,可供给资源 available (additional, extra) resources;自然资源 natural resources,矿（石油，水）资源 mineral (oil, water) resources关键词汇：effect 关键搭配： 重要作用 decisive (dramatic, far-reaching, important, marked, powerful, profound, significant) effect ;消极影响 negative (adverse, damaging, debilitating, deleterious, destructive, detrimental, devastating, disastrous, harmful, serious, traumatic) effect;温室效应 greenhouse effect产生作用 bring about (exert, have, produce) effect关键词汇：movie关键搭配： 大片 blockbuster/blockbusting movie, hit, smash-hit,动作片 action movie,灾难片 disaster movie,警匪片 gangster movie,恐怖片 horror movie,战争片 war movie;黄色电影 blue, dirty, porn/porno movies.电影院 movie theater,动画片 motion pictures关键词汇：actor/actress关键搭配： 成就/天赋/天生的演员accomplished (born, brilliant, consummate, experienced, talented, wonderful) actor ;著名演员 celebrated( famous, leading, principal) actors,业余演员 amateur (professional ) actors,喜剧演员 comedy/comic actors,莎剧演员 Shakespearean actors,好莱坞演员 Hollywood actors关键词汇： 著名演员 马龙白兰度 Marlon Brando 梅尔吉布森 Mel Gibson罗伯特德尼罗 Robert De Nero 阿尔帕西诺 Al Pacino汤姆汉克斯（阿甘正传，拯救大兵瑞恩）Tom Hanks (Forrest Gump, Saving Private Ryan)汤姆克鲁斯（雨人，碟中谍）Tom Cruise (Rain Man, Mission: Impossible)莱昂纳多迪卡普里奥（泰坦尼克）Leonardo DiCaprio (The Titanic)演出 performance导演 director著名导演 阿尔弗莱德希区柯克（后窗，精神病患者）Alfred Hitchcock (Rear Window, Psycho)乔治卢卡斯（星球大战）George Lucas（Star Wars）弗朗西斯 科波拉（教父）Francis Ford Coppola (The Godfather)马丁斯赛德斯（出租汽车司机）Martin Scorsese (Taxi Driver)斯蒂文斯皮尔伯格（ET外星人侏罗纪公园辛德勒名单）Steven Spielberg (E.T., Jurassic Park, Schindlers List,)关键词汇：city关键搭配： 市民 city dweller,大城市 arge（major | great）city,古老的城市 ancient ( historic, old) city,美丽的（工业/大都市/沿海）城市beautiful (industrial | cosmopolitan | coastal) city,家乡 home (native) city=hometown关键词汇：facilities关键搭配： 休闲设施 leisure(play, recreational, social , sporting) facilities;交通设施 transport( travel) facilities,停车设施 parking facilities,购物设施 shopping facilities,饭店设施 canteen (dining, restaurant ) facilities,洗衣设施 laundry (sanitary, shower, toilet, washing) facilities;医疗设施 health (health care, medical) facilities儿童设施 day care( childcare) facilities关键词汇：stress, pressure, strain, tension关键搭配： 产生压力 cause (create )stress/pressure,避免压力 avoid ( remove) stress,增加压力 add to( increase) stress,减少压力 reduce( relieve) stress, 遭受压力 suffer (from) stress承受压力 cope with( handle, manage, stand) stress巨大压力great, high, severe, acute, considerable, extreme stress;情感、精神压力emotional ( mental, psychological, social) stress;商业压力 economic(financial) stress,压力来源 a source of stress,处于压力之中 under stress,日常压力 daily stress关键词汇：worry, concern, care关键搭配： 商业忧虑business (economic, financial, money, health) worries,导致压力 arouse( prompt) worries关键词汇：activity关键搭配： 卷入 be involved in,参加活动engage in, participate in, take part in, undertake activity关键词汇：free time, leisure关键搭配： 休闲时光 leisure, free time, spare time, time off,自由 freedom, 假期 vacation, holiday休息 relaxation, rest ,关键词汇： computer关键搭配： 笔记本电脑 Laptop (notebook computer)，个人电脑 personal computer (PC),大型计算机 mainframe computer,超级计算机 super computer便携式电脑 portable computers,电脑游戏 computer games运行、打开，关闭，登陆，退出，启动，停止，重启，链接电脑run / switch on / switch off /log onto/ log off/| boot up, start up/ shut down/reboot, restart /link the computer关键词汇： disk关键搭配： 软盘 floppy disk,光盘 compact disks (CD),数字视频盘 digital video disks (DVD)关键词汇： connection关键搭配： 拨号连接 dial-up connection,非对称数字用户线ADSL (asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) connection,电缆连接 cable connection,无线连接 wireless connection关键词汇：email关键搭配： 写、发送邮件 write(send) an email,接受、阅读、回复邮件get (receive, read, reply to) an email 关键词汇： electronic关键搭配： 电子游戏 electronic games,电子记事本an electronic organizer (=a small piece of electronic equipmentthat you can use to record addresses, phone numbers etc),电子音乐 electronic music,电子银行，电子出版 electronic banking, electronic publishing(=a system of producing books, magazines etc in a form that can be read on a computer); 电子生成的图表 electronically generated graphics,电子存储信息 electronically stored information,电子商务 E-commerce关键词汇：internet, online关键搭配： 网络犯罪 Internet crime,网络黄色 internet porn,网络欺骗 nternet fraud,网络聊天室 internet chat room,在线新闻 online news,在线天气预报 online weather broadcast,在线买卖 online buying and selling,在线音频、视频节目 online video and audio program;搜索引擎 search engine,在线音频，视频会议 online video and audio meeting关键词汇：competition关键搭配： 激烈的竞争 fierce( intense, keen, serious, severe, stiff, strong, tough intense) competition;公平的、自由的、公开的，国内的，外国的，全球的，国际的竞争fair ( free, healthy, open | domestic | foreign, global, international) competition;赢得竞争 beat off, fight off competition关键词汇：technique, skill关键搭配： 沟通技巧 communication technique/skill, dating technique,评价技巧 evaluation technique,考试技巧 exam/examination technique,采访技巧 interview technique ,管理技巧 management technique,生产技术、营销技术 manufacturing technique, marketing technique,问题解决技术 problem-solving technique,录音技术 recording technique,放松的艺术 relaxation technique,搜寻技术 research technique,销售技术 sales technique,教学技术 teaching technique,培训技术 training technique关键词汇：job (word choice=work, post, position, occupation, profession, career)关键搭配： 申请工作 apply for a job,提供工作 offer somebody a job,获得工作 land a job (=get a job),坚守工作 hold down a job (=keep a job when this is difficult),丢掉工作 lose a job, leave/quit a job, be out of a job,临时工作 temporary job, part-time job,稳定工作 permanent job, full-time job steady job,工作成就感 job satisfaction, 工作满足感职业安全 job security; 挑战性的工作 difficult (challenging, demanding, taxing) job职务空缺 job vacancy,工作申请 job application,面试 job interview,职业头衔 job title,职业描述 job description,找工作的人 job seeker, job hunter,体面的工作 decent (worthwhile) job,肥差 plum job,美差 cushy job,理想的职业 ideal (dream) job关键词汇：promotion关键搭配： 升职 gain (get, win) promotion,当之无愧的升职 well-deserved promotion,推荐sb升职 recommend sb for promotion关键词汇：salary关键搭配： 竞争力的薪水competitive (high, generous, good, handsome) salary;低、合理的，平均的，基础的，退休的、总工资low ( reasonable | average | basic | pensionable | gross) salary年、月、免税薪水 annual salary, monthly salary, tax-free salary挣工资 earn (receive, increase, cut, decrease, reduce) salary关键词汇：employment关键搭配： 全职工作 paid (salaried, full-time, part-time) employment;蓝领、白领工作 blue-collar, white-collar employment关键词汇：determination关键搭配： 坚定决心absolute (ruthless, single-minded, steely, strong) determination充满决心 be full of determination,有决心 have determination , express, signal determination关键词汇：management关键搭配： 有效管理careful (competent, effective, efficient, firm, good, sound) management;商业管理 Business management;项目管理 Project management ;数据库管理（网络、系统、财产、经济、金融、投资）管理database ( network, systems, asset, economic, financial, investment) management关键词汇：career关键搭配： 长期职业 long career构建、放弃、终止职业 Build, abandon, give up, end, ruin, wreck career关键词汇：business关键搭配： 核心业务 big (profitable | private | core) business;零售业、批发、餐饮业 retail wholesale cateringbusiness,计算机、投资业 computer ( investment) business关键词汇：leader关键搭配： 天生的、领袖气质的、高效的、高瞻远瞩的born 、 charismatic,、effective 、visionary leader；团队、项目领导 group ( team, project) leader关键词汇：profession关键搭配： 职业选择 chosen profession;法律、医疗、教育业 ( legal, medical, teaching) profession从事职业 practice ones profession;进入职业领域 enter (go into, join) profession关键词汇：reputation关键搭配： 相当的知名度 considerable (enviable, excellent) reputation ,名不虚传 well-deserved (well-earned) reputation; 声誉日隆 growing reputation ;公众声誉（国际，世界，职业）声誉public (international, worldwide, professional) reputation 关键词汇：success关键搭配： 巨大的成功complete ( considerable, conspicuous, enormous) success,卓越的成功notable ( outstanding, phenomenal, popular, real, remarkable) success关键词汇：high caliber关键搭配： 高素质人才 a man of high caliber关键词汇：negotiation关键搭配： 艰难的协商 Difficult negotiation;无果的协商 fruitless (unsuccessful) negotiation;持续协商 constant ，continuous negotiation关键词汇：economy关键搭配： 健康繁荣的经济booming (buoyant, dynamic, healthy, sound, stable, strong) economy;萧条的经济 depressed (flagging, fragile, stagnant ) economy,发达经济 advanced ( developed, modern) economy;自由、市场、计划经济 liberal( market, planned) economy;