安徽省都江堰市2020高考英语二轮复习 短文改错讲解及练习（4）

四川都江堰市2020高考英语短文改错二轮讲解及练习（4）知识点二：句法型错误句法型错误包括：主谓一致；各种从句的引导词；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。1.主谓一致：对主谓一致的考查主要根据语法、意义、就近、就远等一致原则，判断人称和数是否与主语保持一致。常考点如下：(1)由or，nor，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则；(2)当主语是A with/together with/as well as/including/.B时，谓语动词的单复数由A决定，遵循就远原则；(3)动名词、不定式或名词从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；(4)“half/most/part/the rest/分数/百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致；(5)a quantity of/quantities of后既可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词，其谓语动词一般取决于quantity的单复数。(1)(2020四川)Today，I am going to talk with (about) what you should do when a fire alarm go off.解析该句的主语为a fire alarm，为单数名词，其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 答案gogoes2.连接词：连接词主要包括名词性从句中的连接词，定语从句中的关系词，状语从句中的连接词，以及主从复合句和并列句中的连接词等。特别是对which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等的考查。(2)People would like to take part in this contest should go to the office of the Students Union and sign up.解析定语从句缺少引导词。此句中的引导词who或that在从句中作主语，不能省略。答案People后加who或that3.句子成分赘余：句子成分赘余一般有如下几种类型：(1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；(2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；(3)介词多余；(4)助动词、系动词多余；(5)多冠词；(6)定语从句中成分重复；(7)程度副词和频率副词，如much，more，often等的多余；(8)小品词to多余等。(3)(2020四川)If you notice that when someone is missing and (or) hurt，tell your teacher immediately.解析该句的意思是“若发现有人失踪或受伤了，就要立刻告诉老师”。句中的if引导条件状语从句，when多余。 答案去掉when4.缺词错误：缺词现象常见的有：(1)缺系动词；(2)缺介词；(3)缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；(4)在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；(5)缺连接词；(6)缺否定词；(7)缺不定式符号to等。(4)(2020陕西)He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.解析want作“想要做某事”讲时后接带to的不定式。 答案wanted后加to知识点三：语篇型错误语篇型错误测试包括：上下文中时态是否一致；上下文中代词是否一致；上下文中逻辑是否一致；上下文中词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。(1)(2020浙江)I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise (noisy) and filled with people.解析考查时态。此处只是对过去事实的描述，故用一般过去时。 答案去掉had(2)(2020浙江)Then everyone in the carriage began searching ( for) the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.解析此处的owner指的是车票的所有者，所以应该用its。此外，还可将his改为the表示特指。答案hisits(3)(2020新课标全国)As ( a) result，the plants are growing somewhere.解析根据语境可知，到处都是圣女果，因此把somewhere改为everywhere。 答案somewhereeverywhere易错点：1. 平行结构中的错误(1)We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.解析根据句意，此处为转折关系。 答案andbut(2)(2020新课标全国)We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening ( to) music.解析此处有并列连词or，其后的动词与lie是平行结构，故该动词的形式应与lie保持一致。 答案satsit(3)(2020大纲全国)The understanding between two friends mean (means) both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other.解析此处的trust和前面的have并列，应用动词原形。 答案trustingtrust2. 从句与并列句的错误(1) I told Mother，Father，Sister，all my friends here what a great time I had.解析all前加and，表示并列关系。 答案all前加and(2) This would save the life of many animals，some of them have almost died out.答案themwhich注意：句子与句子之间的逗号只起间隔作用，不能连接句子，所以要注意从句与并列句的辨别。 遇到此类题目，观察逗号后面有无连词，没有的话，添加适当的连词，或者把其中一句变为从句。3. 动词时态与语态的错误(2020新课标全国)We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening to music.解析此处sit和前面的lie是并列关系。根据上下文及此处lie所用的动词时态形式可知，应把过去式的sat改为一般现在时sit。 答案satsitIf the book you will want is out，you may ask for it to be called back for you.答案去掉will短文改错做题技巧要想在高考英语中做好短文改错，按照“四步走”，实施“四查法”可有效减少不必要的失误。具体做法如下：一、“四步走”1.通读全文，了解大意注意语篇结构和行文逻辑，不能在未了解大意的情况下就按部就班地一行一行地改。2.先易后难，缩小范围通读短文的过程中，可以把其中明显的错误找出来，这样就缩小了范围，为下一步的分析判断提供更充分的依据，也能把注意力集中在较难判断的句子上。3.把握句意，逐句判断逐句扫描，各个击破。为了使每行长度相差不大，往往一个句子分成两行或三行，而一个句子是否有错只有看完整个句子，甚至还要瞻前顾后才能判断出错误之处。所以在通读全文时，要以句子为最小单位，千万别以行为单位。请记住下面的口诀：动词形，名词数，注意形和副； 非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注。4.反复通读，复查验证在大部分错误都改正之后，如果还有拿不准的，应当再次通读短文，利用语感做最后判断；也可以根据此类题的特点，运用错误类型的比例来定夺。错词一般有78个，多词和缺词约有23处。二、“四查法”1.左顾右盼查名词要注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误。看该名词前是否缺限定词，该用何种限定词。尤其要查冠词的使用情况。碰到代词要弄清它代替什么。当名词前有形容词时更要加倍注意。如：Catherine，to whom you can turn for help, has good knowledge of Greek.(knowledge为不可数名词，在has之后加上不定冠词a)2.“语”“时”俱进查动词认真分析动词所用的时态、语态。尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，“语”“时”俱进地反复推敲。如：Martin gained so much confidence that he goes back to school.(goes改为went)3.启承转合查连词为使短文结构严谨，短文中往往会出现好多连词。这些连词的使用，在结构和意义上都要通顺流畅，恰如其分。如：It started to rise higher again.So it was still too close to the water. (So改为But)4.文通理顺查逻辑文通即行文合乎英语词法、句法；理顺指行文逻辑符合人们的认知规律，即符合常理。如：The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.(第二个up改为down)（全国II）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在答题卡该行右边横线上画一个勾（J）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：在答题卡短文上把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在答题卡该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在答题卡短文的缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在答题卡该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在答题卡短文错的词下划一横线，并在答题卡该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。George,Its been a week after we left your family and we are now 76._back home. Thank you very much for showing them around 77._your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After 78._we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C., 79._where we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond 80._of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying 81_another couple of day. However, my father had to return to 82._work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It 83_was really a nice experience. If youd like to make trip to 84._our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 85._Yours,Mike76.after-since 77.them-us 78.for-with 79.正确80.去掉much 81.staying-stay 82.day-days 83.fly-flew84.trip前a 85.better-more短文改错。We all know that healthy is very important to us. Both1._study and work depend by strong bodies. Doing sports2._and games helps us keep strong and healthy. If we do not3._take any exercise, we may feel tired but get sick easily.4._Theres many different kinds of sports we can do them，5._such as playing ball games, running, walking and swim.6._However, now we have too much homework to do in7._every day. We hope that well be giving less homework8._and have more time take part in sports. We also hope9._that our school can hold a sports meeting every term. 10._答案与解析：1healthyhealth这里是句子的主语，因此用名词形式。2byon/upondepend on/upon是固定搭配。3helphelps这句话的主语是动名词短语doing sports and games。动名词短语作主语表示一件事时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4butandfeel tired和get sick是并列关系，不表示转折，因此将but改为and。5去掉them这是一个定语从句，从句中作动词do的宾语的关系代词that(或which)被省略了，因此them是多余的。6swimswimming应用动名词与前面的running，walking并列，故应用swimming。7去掉inevery day可以单独作状语，前面不需要加介词。8givinggiven这里是被动语态，因此用过去分词。9take前加to此处考查的是have time to do sth.的结构。10(2020宝鸡市三模)Jack has regarded as a young hero in his town for his heroic deed. The other day, Jack was going home by bike as usual while he heard a woman screaming for help. Then he was riding quickly towards the direction of the voice. At the corner, he saw a woman stopping by a man with a knife in her hand. Without hesitation, Jack made a immediate dive for the robber and controlled him by held him down against the ground. A few minutes later, three