西方建筑简介PPT课件

.,1,WesternArchitecture,.,2,Outlines:,AncientGreekAndRomanArchitectureGothicArchitectureRenaissanceArchitectureBaroqueArchitectureModernArchitecture,.,3,AncientGreekAndRomanArchitecture,InthetimeoftheGreeks,religiousmysteryskippedtheconfinesofthetemple-palacecompoundsandwasthesubjectofthepeopleGreekciviclifewassustainedbynew,openspacescalledtheagorawhichweresurroundedbypublicbuildings,storesandtemplesThearchitecturalstylethathasshapedWesternarchitectureeversinceancientGreece.Characterizedbyarchitecturalelementssuchascolumnsandorders,.,4,Parthenontemple,TempleofConcordia,.,5,RomanArchitecture,TheRomanswereverypracticalpeopleandweremoreinterestedinlaw,governmentandengineeringthanartTheywerecleverarchitectsandcityplannersandwestillbenefitfromtheircontributionsTheRomansfiguredouthowtomakeconcretewhichisamixtureofsand,mineralsandsmallpebbles,.,6,ThePantheon,TriumphalArch,.,7,ClassicalArchitecture,ThesearethebasicpartsofaGreekorRomanbuilding:,Cornice,Pediment,Frieze,Columns,.,8,GothicArchitecture,GothicarchitecturebeganmainlyinFrance,wherearchitectswereinspiredbyRomanesquearchitectureandthepointedarchesofSpanishMoorisharchitectureItseasytorecognizeGothicbuildingsbecauseoftheirarches,ribbedvaulting,flyingbuttresses,elaboratesculpturesandstainedglasswindowsTheymarkeditas“Gothic”tosuggestitwasthecrudeworkofGermanbarbarians,.,9,PointedArch(尖肋拱顶),FlyingButtress(飞扶壁),.,10,StainedGlass(花窗玻璃),Beam-Column(束柱),.,11,St.PatricksCathedral,NotreDamedeParis,.,12,RenaissanceArchitecture,DuringtheRenaissance,architectswereinspiredbythesymmetricalandwell-balancedbuildingsofGreeceandRomeFlatroofs,cofferedceilings,RomanarchesandcapitalsReflectedthereturnofinterestinthegreatmonumentsofantiquity,.,13,ChurchofSantaCroce,Louvre,.,14,InteriorofAmiens,InteriorofPantheon,.,15,BaroqueArchitecture,ElementsoftheBaroquearchitecturearecomplicateddecorations,paintingsandcontrastsbetweenlightandshadowInItaly,whereitstarted,thestyleisreflectedindramaticchurcheswithirregularshapes,hugedomesandextravagantornamentationInFranceishighlydecoratedcombinedwithclassicalfeatures.Sacredbuildingsandchateauxweretypicalforthisstyle,.,16,TreviFountain,PalaceofVersailles,.,17,SaintPetersBasilica,.,18,ModernArchitecture,Modernarchitectureisatermgiventoanumberofbuildingstyleswithsimilarcharacteristics,primarilythesimplificationofformandtheeliminationofornament,thatfirstarosearound1900.Bythe1940sthesestyleshadbeenconsolidatedandidentifiedastheInternationalStyleandbecamethedominantarchitecturalstyle,particularlyforinstitutionalandcorporatebuilding,forseveraldecadesinthetwentiethcentury.Theexactcharacteristicsandoriginsofmodernarchitecturearestillopentointerpretationanddebate,.,19,Somestylesofmodernism,FunctionalismExpressionistArchitectureGoogieArchitecturePostmodernArchitectureCriticalRegionalismInternationalstyle,.,20,Functionalism,Inarchitecture,istheprinciplethatarchitectsshoulddesignabuildingbasedonthepurposeofthatbuildingThisstatementislessself-evidentthanitfirstappears,andisamatterofconfusionandcontroversywithintheprofession,particularlyinregardtomodernarchitecture,.,21,ThetoweroftheHelsinkiOlympicStadium,Auditorium,AarhusUniversity,.,22,ExpressionistArchitecture,ExpressionistarchitecturewasanarchitecturalmovementthatdevelopedinNorthernEuropeduringthefirstdecadesofthe20thcenturyinparallelwiththeexpressionistvisualandperformingarts.Thestylewascharacterizedbyanearly-modernistadoptionofnovelmaterials,formalinnovation,andveryunusualmassing,sometimesinspiredbynaturalbiomorphicforms,sometimesbythenewtechnicalpossibilitiesofferedbythemassproductionofbrick,steelandespeciallyglassManyexpressionistarchitectsfoughtinWorldWarIandtheirexperiences,combinedwiththepoliticalturmoilandsocialupheavalthatfollowedtheGermanRevolutionof1919,resultedinautopianoutlookandaromanticsocialistagenda,.,23,EinsteinTowerinPotsdam-Berlin,HetschipHousingEstateinAmsterdam,.,24,GoogieArchitecture,Googiearchitectureisasubdivisionofexpressionist,orfuturistarchitectureinfluencedbycarculturetheSpaceAge,originatingfromsouthernCaliforniainthelate1940sandcontinuingapproximatelyintothemid-1960sWithupsweptroofsand,often,curvaceous,geometricshapes,andbolduseofglass,steelandneon,itdecoratedmanyamotel,coffeehouseandbowlingalleyinthe1950sand1960sItepitomizesthespiritagenerationdemanded,lookingexcitedlytowardsabright,technologicalandfuturisticage,.,25,TheSeattleSpaceNeedle,Kyotostation,.,26,PostmodernArchitecture,Postmodernarchitectureisaninternationalstylewhosefirstexamplesaregenerallycitedasbeingfromthe1950s,andwhichcontinuestoinfluencepresent-dayarchitectureAswithmanyculturalmovements,someofpostmodernismsmostpronouncedandvisibleideascanbeseeninarchitectureThefunctionalandformalizedshapesandspacesofthemodernistmovementarereplacedbyunapologeticallydiverseaesthetics:stylescollide,formisadoptedforitsownsake,andnewwaysofviewingfamiliarstylesandspaceabound,.,27,1000deLaGauchetire,bankofAmericacenter,.,28,CriticalRegionalism,CriticalregionalismisanapproachtoarchitecturethatstrivestocountertheplacelessnessandlackofmeaninginModernArchitecturebyusingcontextualforcestogiveasenseofplaceandmeaningThetermcriticalregionalismwasfirstusedbyAlexanderTzonisandLianeLefaivreandlatermorefamouslybyKennethFrampton,.,29,TheSydneyOperaHouse,SaynatsaloTownHall,.,30,Internationalstyle,wasamajorarchitecturalstylethatemergedinthe1920sand1930s,theformativedecadesofModernistarchitectureThetermhaditsoriginfromthenameofabookbyHenry-RussellHitchcockandPhilipJohnsonwrittentorecordtheIntern