患了癌症 不能出门.doc

翻译译言When Cancer Keeps You Home患了癌症 不能出门筱蔓slow2012-11-02英文原文When you have cancer, it can sometimes feel like you went to bed one night and woke up on another planet.At times when life feels out of control, most of us count on routines (like going to school or church) to make things seem normal. So it may seem like the last straw if the doctor tells you that your immune system isnt strong enough for you to go to school, the mall, or even a friends house.Its only natural that losing these routines even for a short time can sometimes leave people with a slew of emotions. Youre not alone if you find yourself feeling angry, frustrated, depressed, or even jealous of siblings and friends.For many people with cancer, having to stay home is only a temporary setback. Once your immune system recovers, you should be able to get back into your regular life. Until that happens, heres some advice on making the best of things.What Is Neutropenia?If you have cancer and have to stay home, chances are its because youve developed something called neutropenia (pronounced: new-truh-pee-nee-uh). Neutropenia is when the body has very low levels of certain white blood cells called neutrophils. These cells are the bodys main defense against infection.When a germ enters the body, a healthy immune system springs into action, sending an army of neutrophils to the area to attack. Even more amazing, the next time those same germs enter the body, the neutrophils will remember them and try to head them off before they can cause any serious trouble.People with cancer, though, often have fewer neutrophils patrolling the body. In some cases thats because the cancer itself damages the bone marrow, the spongy material inside the bones where all new blood cells including neutrophils are made. (This is especially common with cancers like leukemia and lymphoma.)Other times it may be the cancer treatments themselves that are doing the damage. Both chemotherapy (cancer-fighting drugs) and radiation (high-energy X-rays) work by killing the fastest-growing cells in the body both bad and good. That means that along with cancer cells, healthy blood cells, like neutrophils, often get destroyed too.With fewer neutrophils, you are more prone to infection. Even things youd normally be able to fight off without much trouble, like skin and ear infections, can become much more serious. Thats why its important to tell a parent or other adult right away if you have a fever, shaking or chills, or any mouth or skin sores. These can all be signs of infection.Fortunately, doctors can use a blood test called an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to judge how cautious you need to be about avoiding germs. When your neutrophil count falls below 1,000 cells per microliter of blood, your risk of infection increases somewhat; when it falls below 500 cells per microliter, the risk increases quite a bit more. If it stays below 100 for many days, the risk of serious infection becomes very high.Sometimes doctors give people medications called growth factors to encourage the body to produce more neutrophils. But often its safest just to remain home until your doctor says you can venture out again. Places like schools, locker rooms, and malls, where people are close together and germs spread easily, are just too risky. To your immune system, it would feel like standing at the edge of a forest fire with only a water gun for defense.英文翻译成中文患上癌症，就像早晨睡醒发现自己在另一个星球。 当感到生命失去控制，大部分人会继续旧的生活模式，去上学去礼拜，一如以前。仿佛这样做就可以让一切回归正常。所以，当医生说，你的免疫系统已经非常脆弱，再去上学购物会有危险，你甚至不能去看望朋友了。就会变成最后一根稻草，从此人生轰然倒塌。 不要在做这些日常做的事情了，哪怕只是暂停短短的一段时间，让自己沉浸在无穷无尽的情绪中，这是唯一正常需要的的。你要生气、沮丧、抑郁，甚至嫉妒兄弟姐妹朋友故交拥有健康，这些大家都会做，你也会。 患有癌症不得出门，是很痛苦的，但这只是暂时的。一旦你的免疫系统恢复正常，你就可以重新享受正常规律的生活了。但在那之前，我们有些建议，可以让你更好的度过那段日子什么是适中性白血球减少症？ 如果患癌之后被建议待在家里，那可能是因为你患了适中性白血球减少症。适中性白细胞是白细胞的一种，当人体内这种细胞的数量减少到一定程度时，就会导致适中性白血球减少症。适中性白血球是人体防止感染的主要防线。 当细菌进入人体时，健康的免疫系统会立即采取行动，释放大量的适中性白血球进行攻击。更神奇的是，适中性白血球会“记住”它们，当下次有相同的细菌进入人体时，会在它们引起严重问题之前把它们消灭掉。 然而癌症病人体内经常缺少适中性白血球的保护。可能会有两个原因造成这一结果，一是癌症本身会破坏骨髓，这些位于骨骼内部的海绵状物质是血液细胞，包括适中性白血球产生的地方。（尤其是血癌和淋巴癌患者大多是由于这个原因。）还有一种可能是癌症治疗造成了适中性白血球减少。化疗（抗癌药物）和激光疗法（高能X射线）都是通过杀死体内快速生长的细胞（无论好坏）来起作用的。这意味着适中性白细胞等健康的血液细胞也经常和癌症细胞一起被摧毁。 适中性白细胞减少后，你受感染的几率会增大。即使是那些平常不会对你引起任何伤害的事情，像皮肤感染或耳部感染，都会对你造成极大的威胁。这也是为什么一旦出现发烧、打战、寒栗、伤口、疮口等现象就要立即通知父母或者另外的成年人的原因。它们都有可能是感染的信号。 有时医生会开一些叫做“生长素”的药物，促使身体产生更多的适中性白细胞。但是最安全的办法是留在家里直到医生认为你可以出门了再出去。尤其是去学校、更衣室、商场等人群密集细菌广泛传播的地方是非常危险的。对你的脆弱的免疫系统来说，那就像是只拿着一只水枪站在一场森林火灾旁边。 那留在家里时怎样打发时间才最好呢？这里有许多办法，不过这也要看你感觉怎样。有时候你可能会觉被癌症治疗搞的筋疲力尽，只想睡觉。但有些时候你可能就会觉得精力还不错。一定要聆听你身体的声音。而且尽管有时候朋友只能给你靠个虚拟的肩膀，但一定要记得寻求他们的帮助哦。 保持联系 你能想象朋友在发短信、聊QQ、打电话、电脑视频之前在干吗吗？告诉朋友及时通知你新消息。他们可以拍下你们队的得分彩信给你，或者偷偷拍下上课睡觉的朋友然后发给你（老师问起就告诉他只是想让你感觉还和大家在一起哦！），或者制作一份有趣的测试题，每天填完然后寄给你。 如果是在白天大家上课的时候，可以找到在网上挂着的人在其他时区的朋友做游戏。如果医生允许的话，甚至可以和你的朋友一起通宵看网上电影啊。 关于这时候与朋友相处：有些人对待疾病的能力就是会相对差一点。在朋友不知道该说什么，或者不小心说道了什么触动了你敏感的神经而不自知的时候，尽管会比较难受，但是千万不要以为他是针对你的哦。真正的朋友会知道怎样让你不孤独，他们会像以前那样对待你。 富有创意 可以问问你自己，有什么是想做却一直没有机会做的呢？或许你是一位运动员，但总想发掘自己艺术的一面。或许你是一位计算机天才但总是喜欢创意写作。现在是你挖掘自己另一面的机会啦。画画油彩或者铅笔画，把你最喜欢的照片找出来做个剪贴薄或拼贴本；做个飞机模型、轮船模型，或者给自己设计衣服珠宝；把自己的感觉抒发出来写成诗，写个博客或日记记下你的经历。之后再来看这些的时候，你会记起自己曾经走过的路。 重新装修 问问爸妈和兄弟姐妹可不可以帮你一起把房间装饰成你一直想要的那样，酷酷的，或者温馨的。或许你可以把房间的角落改造成酒吧间，或者在床上堆满枕头、加上长枕，把它变成一张时髦的沙发。漆上喜欢的颜色，把喜欢的音乐、书籍、照片放在触手可及的地方，让你真正拥有自己的小窝。 出去走走 就算不能去人员密集的地方，出去吸吸新鲜空气还是可以的。坐在院子里读读书，看看报，打个电话或者听听音乐都是很好的。 做好事会让你感觉很棒哦 让你感到自己变强壮的最好方式就是去做好事哦。问问你常去的慈善团体有没有什么你可以待在家里做的。建个网站写写自己的故事可能也会帮助跟你一样经历的朋友哦。或者只是列个单子，写上身体好些时想去做的事情。想法不要局限在现在和此地，这样会让你感觉时间过得快些，也会帮助你保持乐观。 大胆说出来 如果你一直藏着不说，那感觉和担忧会越来越多。所以找个办法把想的都说出来。去结交些同样十几岁的癌症患者会对你非