拉丁法律术语(拉中对照).doc

拉丁法律术语（拉中对照）* ab abrupto (= ex abrupto) suddenly事前未经准备；即席* ab absurdo from the absurd依据荒谬的论点；归谬法逻辑* ab abusu ad usum non valet consequentia 不正当使用得出无效结论 a conclusion as to the use of a thing from its abuse is invalid; the consequences of abuse do not apply to general use* ab aeterno since the beginning of time自从时间开始以来；自从有历史以来* abalienatio让渡；转让* abalienatio mentis精神错乱* abandum没收物；扣押物；遗弃物有排除法律保障之意* ab antiquo from antiquity; from ancient time自古；自古以来* ab asino lanam从驴子身上拔羊毛；冷酷的人的同情 wool from an ass; blood from a stone比喻* abatementum横夺财产；强夺财产* abeunt studia in mores习由性成；习惯成自然；事业陶冶性 studies change into habits; pursuits格 assiduously followed become habits* ab extra from outside从外部；外来；来自外部* ab extrinseco from the outside从外部；外来；外在* ab hoc et ab hac杂乱无章* ab hoc et ab hac et ab illa这个那个，说个不清 from this man and this woman and that woman; from here, there, and everywhere; confusedly* ab hodierno from today从今日起* abiit ad majores (or plures)他去世了 he has gone to his ancestores (the majority); he is dead* ab imo pectore出自内心；出于肺腑；肺腑之言 from the bottom of the heart* ab inconvenienti反证；反证法从反面证明；以不 from inconvenience; designating an便故 argument designed to show that the opposite construction is untenable because of the inconvenience or hardship it would create* ab incunabulis从襁褓中；自幼 from cradle; from infancy* ab initio from the beginning自始；从开头；从开始起；从头开始* ab intestato无遗嘱的继承遗产 from or by a person dying without a valid will* ab intra from within从内部；自内* ab invito非出于自愿；不情愿地 by an unwilling person; unwillingly* ab irato出于一时气愤；在愤怒之下 from an angry man; in a fit of anger* ab limine from the outset从开始；自始* abnormis sapiens无师自通的哲学家；天生的哲学家 a philosopher of no particular school; a natural-born philosopher* a bove majori discit arare minor老牛耕小牛学；老公鸡怎么叫，小公 from the older ox the younger learns鸡怎么学；子学父样 to plow; as the old cock crows, the young one learns* ab origine from the origin自始；从头；从起源* ab ovo自始；从开始 from the egg; from the beginning* ab ovo usque ad mala自始至终 from the egg to the apples; from beginning to end* abscissio infiniti排他法逻辑 the cutting off of the infinite (or negative part); the systematic comparison and rejection of hypotheses until the true conclusion is reached* absens haeres non erit不在场者不得为继承人 the man who is absent will not be an heir* absens reo (abs re)被告不在；被告未到庭 the defendant being absent* absenti febri (abs febr)不发烧时医学* absente reo在被告缺席的情况下* absit invidia请不要介意；请勿见怪；不是有意的 let there be no ill will; take it not amiss; no offence intended* absit omen may this not be an omen但愿这不是恶兆* absoluta sententia expositore non indiget文字意义简明，无须解释 an absolute sentence needs no expositor* absolvi animam meam鞠躬尽瘁* absque ulla conditione无条件地 without any condition* absurdum quippe est ut alios regat qui不能管理自己，岂能管理别人；不能 seipsum regere nescit治己，焉能治人 it is certainly absurd that a man who cannot rule himself should rule others* abundans cautela non nocet尽量小心，总不会错 extreme care does no mischief* ab uno disce omnes from one learn all由一斑而窥全豹；举一反三* ab urbe condita (AUC)罗马城建立后罗马城约建于公元前 from the founding of the city (ie Rome)七五三年；罗马纪元* abusus non tollit usum不正当用途不能取代正当用途 abuse does not take away use; misuse does not nullify proper use* abyssus abyssum invocat一错再错；一误再误；一个错误引向 one chasm leads to another; one mistake另一个错误 leads to another* a capite ad calcem从头到脚；彻头彻尾地 from head to heel; completely; thoroughly* accedas ad curiam准许上诉 that you go to court; you may appeal the case* acceptilatio 免除（债务）* accessio an increase or addition附属物；添附；进入* accessio cedit principali从物属于主物的所有人；附属物属于 the accessory follows the principal主物* accessio possessionis财产的增加；财产的添附 increase or addition of possessions* accessit他（她）几乎得到（某种荣誉） he (or she) came near; honourable mention* accessoriales accessories从物* accessorium sequitur suum principale附属物随其主物* accessorius sequitur naturam sui principalis从犯的罪不能比主犯重 an accessory follows the nature of his principal; one who is accessory to a crime cannot be guilty of a higher degree of crime than his principal* accidentia偶然因素* accusare nemo se debet谁都不须控告自己 no one is obliged to incriminate himself* acervatim in heaps; briefly简略地* ac etiam and also以及* Acheruntis pabulum注定要死的人；垂死的人 food for Acheron; marked for death; food for the gallows* a coelo usque ad centrum土地所有者的权利范围原意为从土 from the heavens to the centre of the地之上至上天，之下至地球中心， earth此原则已废；财产所有人的权利范围* a contrarie相反* acribus initiis incurioso fine虎头蛇尾；有始无终* a cruce salus salvation by the Cross靠十字架得救；十字架拯救世人* acta est fabula the play is over戏演完了；剧已终了；剧终* acta jure gestionis administrative acts行政法规* acta sanctorum deeds of the saints使徒言行录记述基督教殉教者生平的书* actio action; suit; right of action诉讼；诉权* actio conducti承租人的控诉 an action taken by the hirer of a thing against the letter* actio de effusis vel de jectus因自屋内抛弃东西致伤害他人而引起的诉讼* actio de pauperie因动物加害于人而引起的诉讼* actio depositis vel suspensi因挂东西在街上致损害他人而引起的诉讼* actio doli诈骗的诉讼* actio in forma pauperis贫困者取得法律援助的诉讼* actio injurarium action for injury对人格人体侵害的控诉* actio in personam对人的诉讼* actio in rem对物的诉讼* actio negatoria排除妨害所有权的诉讼* actiones legis合法行为* actio pauliana反对欺诈行为的诉讼* actio personalis moritur cum persona属人诉讼随当事人一起消灭；因当事 a personal action dies with the person;人死亡而结束的诉讼；人死罪不 a maxim meaning that rights of action究；人死不起诉 arising out of torts are destroyed by the death of the person injured or injuring* actio popularis群众行动；共同行动 common action; action of the people* actio pro socio合伙人的控诉 action of partnership (brought by one partner against his associate)* actio quod metus causa基于威胁行为的诉讼* actore non probante reus absolvitur 原告不能证实案情，即应宣告被告无 when the plaintiff does not prove his case,罪 the defendant is acquitted* actori incumbit onus probandi举证责任在于原告 the burden of proof lies on the plaintiff* actori incumbit probatio原告负举证的责任 the burden of proof rests on the plaintiff* actor sequitur forum rei原告随物所在地法院；原告应向被告 a plaintiff follows the court of the的管辖法院提出控告 defendant* actum Dei nemini facit injuriam自然灾害不得归咎于人 an act of God does wrong to no man; an individual cannot be held responsible for an act of God* actum est一切都完了；终结* actum ne agas做过的事不要再做；不要重复 dont do what has already been done* actus curiae nemini facit injuriam法院的行为不得损害任何一方 the act of the court does wrong to no one* actus curiae neminem gravabit法院的行为不得损害任何一方 an act of the court shall prejudice no one* actus Dei nemini facit injuriam自然灾害不是人的过错 an act of God is prejudicial to no one; the law holds no man responsible for the act of God* actus injura (= actus injuria)侵害行为；侵权行为；不当行为 an act of injury* actus legis nemini facit injuriam法院的行为不得损害任何一方 the act of the court does wrong to no one* actus me invito factus, non est meus actus非出于自愿的行为，不是本人行为 an act I performed unwillingly is not my act* actus non facit reum nisi mens est rea非有意犯罪的行为不算犯罪行为；无 the act does not make a criminal useless心之过不算犯罪 the intention is criminal* actus reus wrongful act非法行为；犯罪行为；不正当的行为；被告的行为* a cuspide corona from the spear a crown靠刀枪得天下；枪杆子出政权* ad absurdum to the absurd反证* ad amussim精确地；准确地 according to a rule; accurately; exactly* ad aperturam libri 开卷第一章；书本打开的地方 at the opening of the book; wherever the book opens* ad arbitrium at will; at pleasure随意；任意；随便地* ad astra per aspera刻苦成功；吃得苦中苦，方为人上人； to the stars through hardships苦尽甘来* a dato from the date从该日起* ad augusta per angusta苦尽甘来；刻苦成功；不经困难，不 to success through adversity; to honours获胜利 through difficulties* ad baculum (to appeal) to the rod威迫的（言论）* ad calendas Graecas决不会；永远不会；永远没有那么一 on the Greek Calends; never天；束之高阁* ad captandum vulgus讨好群众的（言论）；哗众取宠 to please the crowd; in order to win over the masses* ad cautelam for cautions sake为谨慎起见* ad clerum to the clergy （教会领袖）对神职人员的讲话相对于对一般信徒的讲话* ad colaturam 一饮而尽* ad crumenam利诱的（话） (an appeal) to the purse or to ones personal interests* ad curiam在法庭上；上法院* addendum addition补遗；附录；增编* adde parvum parvo magnus acervus erit积少成多；集腋成裘 add little to little and there will be a great heap* ad diem至指定日期止* a Deo et Rege from God and the King出自上帝和国王在中古时代，国王 自认为代表上帝行使职权，所以一切圣旨都是上帝的意旨* adeo in teneris consuescere multum est习惯必须从幼年养成 so imperative it is to form habits in early years; as the twig is bent, the trees inclined* a dessein (French) intentionally故意地* adeste, fideles O come, all ye faithful来吧！所有信仰者一首基督教赞美歌的起首* ad eundem to the same (degree)以同等程度；达到相同程度* ad eundem gradum to the same degree同样程度；相同程度* ad extra in an outward direction向外* ad extremum to the extreme; to the last到最后；毕竟；极端；后来；终于* ad filum aquae以河流中线为界 to the thread (or centre) of the stream* ad filum viae to the centre of the road以道路中线为界* ad finem (ad fin)至终；到最后 to the end; at the end; finally* ad finem fidelis忠心耿耿；忠贞不渝* ad gloriam为了荣誉* ad gratam aciditatem (ad gra acid)到适口的酸度医学* ad gustum to ones taste合口味；投其所好；按自己喜欢的量或样子* ad hanc vocem (ahv) at this word见此条字典中参阅注* adhibenda est in jocando moderatio开玩笑不可过分；谑而不虐 moderatin is to be applied in jests; one should employ restraint in his jests* ad hoc for this (purpose) 特设；专设；特别；临时；特设；专案；为此；尤其* ad hominem to the man对人而不对事的；偏私的 e.g. an argument ad hominem: 偏私的议论* ad honores to ones honour; honorary名誉的；义务的* adhuc sub judice lis est案件未了；问题尚未解决 the case is still before the judge* ad hunc locum (ahl) at this place在此处* ad idem at the same (point); at one意见一致；协议；同一* a die即日起；从本日起* a die confectionis from the day of the making从缔约之日起* a digniori fieri debet denominatio et resotio一物的名称和说明应当根据或参照 the title and exposition of a thing ought to该物比较相称的等级、质量或 be derived from, or giving or made with品种加以确定 reference to, the more worthy degree, quality, or species of it* ad ignorantiam迎合无知听众的（言论）；强词夺理 (an appeal) to ones ignorance的* ad impossibilie nemo tenetur任何人都不对不可能的事情负担责 no one is held to the impossible任；不能强人所难* ad infinitum (ad inf)无限；无穷；永远 to infinity; endlessly; without limit* ad initium at the beginning在开端* ad instar (ad inst)仿效 . ；类似 . in the likeness of; resembling* ad instatiam partis at the instance of a party经一方要求* ad interim (ad int)临时；暂时；暂行 in the mean time; temporary* ad internecionem诛灭净尽* ad invitiam to envy (or prejudice)偏私的；恶意的（辩论）* adiratus遗失；失物赔偿金 strayed; lost; a price set upon a thing stolen or lost, as a recompense* adjectus solutionis gratia破产债务分配受领人* ad judicium合情合理的（辩论）；出庭 to common sense (said of an argument); to court* adjuvante Deo labor proficit由于上帝的帮助，工作顺利进行 with Gods help, work propers* ad libitum (ad lib)随意；按照自己的意志；无限制；悉 at will; as one wishes; extemporaneously听尊便；随兴；任意音乐* ad limina (= ad limina apostolorum)* ad limina apostolorum到最高权威（那里解决） to the highest authority; to the thresholds of the Apostles* ad litem for the suit在诉讼上；诉讼的；关于诉讼的* ad litteram (= ad literam)照字句；逐字；照原文 to the letter; to the last jot to translate ad litteram: 直译* ad locum (ad loc.) at or to the place在这里；现场视察或表演* ad majorem Dei gloriam (AMDG)为上帝增光；愈显主荣 to the greater glory of God: motto of the耶稣会格言 Society of Jesus* ad manum at hand; ready for use在手边；准备妥当* ad medium filum aqaue以河流中间线为界的* ad medium filum viae以道路中间线为界的* ad melius inquirendum复验尸令* ad misericordium引人同情的（言论） to pity (said of an argument)* ad modum in the manner of; like仿照；像；仿效* ad multos annos for many years多年以来；为了长久之计* ad nauseam to nausea; to the point of disgust讨厌；令人厌恶；令人作呕* ad notam请查照；备查* ad notanda请注意；应注意* ad notata附注；注释* ad patres gathered to his fathers; dead死亡；到祖先那里去；已故* ad paucos dies for a few days几天* ad perpetuam rei memoriam为了永久纪念这件事教皇诏书开头 for the perpetual remembrance of the常用语 thing* ad populum讨好群众的（言论） to the people; to the passions and prejudices of the people* ad praesens ovo cras pullis sunt meliora一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林 eggs today are better then chickens tomarrow; a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush* adpromissiones保证契约* ad quaestionem facti non repondent judices;法官不裁决事实问题，陪审员不判决 ad quaestionem juris non respondent法律问题；法官无权决定案情问 juratores题，陪审员无权决定法律问题在陪审制度下* ad quaestiones facti non repondent judices; 法官不裁决事实问题，陪审员不判决 ad quaestiones legis non respondent法律问题；法官无权决定案情问 juratores题，陪审员无权决定法律问题 in trial by jury, the judges do not decide在陪审制度下 questions of fact, nor the jury questions of law* ad quem for (or to) which (or whom)对此；对它；对他* ad quod damnum to what damage可能的损害调查令* ad referendum待请示；尚待核准；待进一步审议； for reference; for further consideration;须进一步考虑；尚待复查 subject to approval* ad rem to the matter in hand; to the point对物；贴切；中肯；得其要领；对事而不对人* ad respondendum答辩* ad respondendum quaestioni答所问；答题似的* adrogatio adoption of a minor收养（儿童）* ad saturationem到饱和点* adscriptus glebae农奴 (a person) bound to the soil; a serf* ad sectam (ads) at the suit of在（某）案中；被 . 控告B ads A： A控告B；A是原告， B是被告* adstipulator债权代理人* adsum I am here; present !在！点名被点到名时的回答* ad summam in a word; in short总之；简言之；简单地说* ad summum最高限度；到最高点；说到底 to the highest point; to the utmost* ad unguem (factus)精密；完美 to a finger nail; to a nicety; accurately; perfectly* ad unum omnes全体；一致；异口同声 all to one; to the last man; unanimously* ad usum according to customs依照习惯；按照惯例* ad usum Delphini经过修订的 for the Dauphins use; expurgated* ad usum externum外用医学* ad usum internum内服医学* ad usum proprium自用医学* ad utrumque paratus以防万一 prepared for either eventuality; prepared for the worst* ad valorem according to the value按值；从价；照价 ad valorem duty: 从价税* ad verbum逐字；一字不差地 to a word; word for word; verbatim* adversa things noted记下的事情* adversaria日记本；笔记簿 that which has been turned to; a journal* adversa virtute repello我鼓足勇气，排除万难 I repel adversity by valor (or courge)* adversos etenim frangi non esse virorum大丈夫不屈不挠 real men are not vanquished by adversity* adversus solem ne loquitor不要浪费时间与明显的事实争辩 dont waste your time arguing the obvious* ad vitam只要一息尚存；终身 for life; for use during a persons life only* ad vitam aeternam forever永远地；永生地* ad vitam aut culpam只要不犯错误，即可终身任职 for life or until misbehavior* ad vivum to the life; lifelike栩栩如生；逼真* advocatus diaboli devils advocate “魔鬼的辩护士”指责圣列候补者的人； 毁谤者；吹毛求疵的人； 强辩的人* ad vocem顺便地（提起、说说）* aedificatum solo, solo cedit土地上的建筑物是土地的一部分 that which is built upon the land becomes part of the land* aeger sick; an invalid生病；病人* aeger amore lovers disease相思病* aegrescit medendo病情越医越坏；越弄越糟 he grows worse with the treatment* aegra amans lovers disease相思病* aegri somnia a sick mans dream痴心妄想* aegri somnia vana a sick mans idle dreams痴人说梦；痴心妄想* aegrotat（病人要求请假用的）医生证明 a note from the doctor; he (or she) is sick* aequabiliter et diligenter稳而勤* aequam memento rebus in arduis servare危难时记得保持冷静 mentem remember to keep calm in time of trouble* aequam servre mentem保持冷静 to keep a unruffled mind; to keep ones cool* aequitas est quasi aequalitas顾名思义，公平即是平等 equity is, as it were, equality* aequitas factum habet quod fieri opportuit应该做的已经做了，便是公平 equity considers that to have been done which ought to have been* aequitas non facit jus, sed juri auxiliatur公平并非法律，而只是补充法律 equity does not make law, but assists law* aequitas nunquam contravenit legis公平从不违反法律* aequitas sequi