法律英语后三单元术语.doc

4单元criminal lawInjury 人身伤害Damages 损害赔偿金Omission 不作为Violate the law 触犯法律Death = execution 死刑Impresonment=confinement=incarceration 关押、 拘禁、 监禁jail sentence 监狱刑False impresonment 非法拘禁Life impresonment 终生监禁Fine 罚金Removal frompublic office 剥夺公职Disqualification from holding public office Probation 缓刑Restitution 赔偿、归还原主，恢复原状Negligence 过失Negligent act 过失行为Intentional act 故意行为 on purposeNegligent harm 过失伤害Intentional harm 故意伤害A civil wrong 民事违法行为Tort 侵权行为Tort restitution 侵权赔偿Prosecute 提起公诉（Refuse）To bring charges 拒绝提出）指控state prosecutor 州检察官Direct the proceedings 直接提出诉讼Attorny 代理人Monetary restitution =monetary compensation 财产赔偿General damages 一般损害赔偿Special damages 特殊损害赔偿Punitive damages =exemplary damages 惩罚性损害赔偿Conscious pain 精神痛苦Recover=request for(civil damadges) 请求损害赔偿Civil action 民事诉讼Statute 法条Ordinance 条例Investigation of crimes 犯罪调查In the apprehension of offenders 犯罪逮捕过程Adjudication 审判、判决Unite 5 Acoomplice n 共犯、共某犯 Comfession n 认罪陈述、供认Conviction n 有罪判决Adversary system 对抗制、抗辩制Correction 惩治、惩罚、教养、矫正Double jeopardy 双重危境、双重追诉 Bill of Rights 权利法案Preventive detention 预防性监禁Plea- baigaining 辩诉交易Plead guilty 被告服罪、承认有罪、有罪答辩Guilty plea 罪行抗辩Exclusionary rule 排除规则Beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑 Excessive bail 额外保释金 、滥用保释Compulsory process 强制（到庭）程序death panelty 死刑Indictment indaitment 起诉书、控告Implement the law = execute the law =enforce 执法Conform to strict constitutional guarantees 符合严格的宪法保障Safeguard the rights of the citizenry 维护公民的权利Wrongful result 错误(违法)结果Wrongful death 过失致死 Pretrial n 事前审理【审判前的】in corroboration with 进一步证实Bill of information and compliant 检察官的起诉状The discretion of the prosecutor 检察官的自由裁量权Magistrate 地方法官、治安官Initiate a crime 犯罪着手Enforcement officer=legal actor 执法人员The grand jury process 大陪审团审判Hear the cases 审理案件Refute the testimony 反驳证据Majority rule prevails 多数决定原则盛行True bill （大陪审团认为证据充分而签署准予受理的）正式起诉书，公诉书Return 可以指传票等的交还、送回，也可以指宣布（判决等）Convited defendant 被认定有罪的被告at hard labor attraches 伴随劳役（重罪）Infamous crime 不名誉罪A more common test 常见认定标准The greatest maximum term imposed by law 法定最高刑In presence rule 警察在场规则Transgression 【n】 违法、犯罪Constitute A valid reason 构成正当理由Corroboration 确认的事实An arrest warrant 逮捕令Involuntary manslaughter 过失杀人 Voluntary manslaughte 有意识杀人，故意杀人（过失）Intoxicate 【v】 使喝醉，使中毒Acquittal n 赦免 =absolve sb of Motive 犯罪动机Intent= state of mind=mens rea 犯罪故意Actus reus 犯罪行为Causation 因果关系Deceased 死者Homicide 【n】 杀人 、杀人犯Justifiable homicide 正当杀人Commit a violation of the law 犯法、犯罪Mens rea =（criminal）unlawful intent 犯罪意图Attempted murder 谋杀未遂Assault 企图伤害罪 威胁、恐吓、（刑法）Battery(刑法)殴击罪；（侵权法）非法侵害Apprehension n 逮捕Adjudication n 审判Probable cause 合理根据、充分理由A valid reason 正当理由Justifiable reson 正当理由Strict liability offenses 严格责任犯罪Suspect 嫌疑犯felony 重罪 Misdemeanor 轻罪 I