人类学著作专业术语翻译.docx

一妻多夫词汇与专业术语above and below these altitudes（在这个上在那个下）上下这样的高度Acharya阿查里雅acknowledge paternity承认父亲/权actors models被调查者所表述的模式adept at local politics对当地政治事务了如指掌advantage for trading in Tibet（which is a major）这对他们前往西藏从事贸易活动极为有利androcentric 男子中心主义的affairs of the village panchayat 村落“潘查雅特”的工作affect day-to-day interpersonal dynamics 使日常人际关系更加微妙、多变affinal ties婚姻关系affines通过联姻结成的亲戚，姻亲affines-siblings 姻亲同胞agnate 父系亲属（父系亲属的远亲：祖父的兄弟的子孙和子女FFBSS and FFBSD，更远的父系亲属：有着共同祖先的、五代人或五代人以上的远亲：同氏族兄弟姐妹）父系的，同种族的，同族的；父系，同族亲属，同种族aggregate（put different amounts, pieces of information etc together to form a group or a total） all castes and classes各个种姓的阶级all primary points of discrimination最基本的差异（点）all stances（in）在所有条件中Allen艾伦alliance联姻范围analytical calculus （an）analytical tool（an）分析工具ancestor worship祖先崇拜ancestral pedigrees祖先的家谱ancestral ties with Nepalis祖先与尼泊尔人之间的关系apical ancestor远祖archetypal models for social structure社会结构愿望模式archetypal models of social structure社会结构原型模式area ethnographically unknown（an）从民族志角度来说，那里尚未被人所知arrangements of polyandry一妻多夫婚as of this date 迄今（为止）as opposed to （与）相对的，相对于的as rarely happens像很少发生的那样associations联合体assume much of the responsibility for household leadership在家庭事务中已担负起重要责任avoid compromising Nyinba claims of Tibetan origins避免做出让步Aziz阿齐兹barest outlines ofA of B 结构，主题与偏正，美学上偏正的宾语太长， Tibetan culture and social structure（the）对藏族文化和社会结构一些最表层的外部轮廓Barkhang 巴康base（at）在基部，从根本上说，从根本上basic categories of kin relationships（the）亲属关系的基本范畴basic information掌握基础资料beliefs that（by）相信，认为belong in=if something belongs somewhere, that is the right place or situation for it居住BenderBennett本涅特BerknerBerreman白瑞曼Bhotiasbilateral kinship双边亲属关系bilaterality of kinship亲属关系的双边性bipartite and tripartite models of village structure两部分和三部分组成的村落结构模式Bogoslovskij波格斯洛夫斯基boiling point/freezing point/melting point沸点/冰点/熔点bone descent骨系血统 bone figure骨系地位bone ones骨系相同的人bone 骨系born out of wedlock 非婚生的Brahmans婆罗门 branch lineages家系分支bring a wife home娶一个妻子brother of one of their ancestors（a）作为尼巴人祖先的三兄弟中一个Buddhist doctrines of reincarnation 佛教有关轮回、转世的教义Bura布拉人by caste principles按照种姓制度by reference to 根据by similar reason出于类似的理由by this account 根据/按照这种说法Byansi布扬西人Carrasco 卡拉斯科Carter卡特Cassinelli卡西内利caste principles种姓制度category 范畴，种类，类型，类别cede priority in sexual rights to his younger brothers把性生活方面的优先权让给弟弟们center around the dual rebuilding of society 围绕（对）社会的双重重建（展开的）central plateau（the）高原腹心chains of genealogical linkage 家系链changes over time（their）历史演变Chandra钱德拉character and physical traits人的性格及体质特征characteristic of Tibetan societies藏族各地社会的共同特点 characteristic themes独具特色的主题chart勾画出的基本脉络Chetri （Chhetri）刹蒂利children not his own 不是亲生的孩子circle of clans of status comparable to their own（a）地位与本氏族相当的几个氏族circles of kin亲属关系范畴circles of relatives亲属圈citizen-landholders平民土地所有者civic entitlements公民权clan hierarchies氏族等级制clan memberships 氏族成员身份clan member氏族成员clan names 氏族名clan sections氏族各部clanship氏族制度clan siblings同氏族兄弟姐妹（五代以上同父系/男性祖先的后代）clanspeople同氏族的人classificatory cross-cousins 分类学意义上的交错从表亲close and distant kin近亲和远亲closely articulated spheres of cultural and social life 密切关联的文化与社会生活的方方面面closest, or inner, circle of clanspeople（the）同氏族的近亲或内亲closure against the world自我封闭状态co-husbands 共妻的丈夫co-wife 共夫的妻子collateral relative 旁系亲属collective activities集体活动collectively held forest （村民）集体所有的森林common identity彼此认同/共同的身份commonalities in origins共同的出身/起源commensality 共餐?commonly trace to都提到common wife（the）共同的妻子community-wide ranking systems 全社会范围内的等级系统complex arrangements and alignments of social life社会生活中种种复杂的安排和组合complementary filiation补充性亲子关系（网络）complementary filiatives ？concept of domains （the）领域概念concept of hereditary bone（The）骨质遗传观念concepts of fission and fusion in segmentary systems 局部系统的裂变与聚变概念concepts or systems linking them（the）与之关联的（把他们联系在一起的）概念或系统conceptual divisions（such）概念化的划分方式（这种）conceptual identification 概念认同（？）concerns with matters of population对人口问题的关注conjoint marriage（in a）联合式婚姻conjugal groupings夫妇群体connection or involvement （the）联系，关系consanguineal血缘的，血亲的consider its contexts了解它的来龙去脉contribute to the increasing erosion of good farmland使良田受到日益加剧的侵蚀corporate territorial groups具有共同领地意识的群体corporate-groups共同体cousin 堂兄co-wives共同的妻子create links across把不同氏族的人联系起来cross-cousin marriage交错从表婚，姑舅表婚cross-cousins交表婚（父母异性兄弟姐妹的子女间的关系：父亲姐妹的孩子，母亲哥弟的孩子，与兄弟姐妹及自已之间都叫做交错从表）cross-generational relationships跨代的亲属关系cross-sectional survey（a）横断面调查cross-sex links 跨性别/异性的 联系/关系/结合cultivated fields耕地 cultural and social entailments（the）文化与社会后果cultural borrowing 文化借入cultural themes文化主题currency of status rivalry （the）争取社会地位的货币（隐喻）cycles of domestic development 家庭发展周期理论Darchula达楚拉daughter-in-law 儿媳descend from 是的后代descent血统descent categories血缘范畴descent constructs血统构筑物descent credentials 同血统的人相互信任，（证明信）descent groups 血缘群体，继嗣群descent rules 继嗣规则descent units血统单元descent-cum-stratum ascription 血统和地位归属determine the paternity of children produced in polyandrous unions确定一妻多夫婚中孩子的亲权关系dharma达磨differentiated by在存在差别different subsystems of social life（the）社会生活中不同的子系统dislike of immigration（the）对外来移民感到厌恶dispense justice=decide whether or not someone is guilty of a crime and what punishment they should receive裁决、断案dispersed residence分散居住display the diversity and complexity of polyandrous arrangements 展示一妻多夫婚的多样性与复杂性distinct （clearly different）明显不同的 distinct （quite）（from ）（与）截然不同的，完全不同的distinctive style（a）独特风格diverse subsistence activities 不同的谋生活动divide up the seamless web of social life把天衣无缝的社会生活加以分割divine beings神祗divine justice 神判divine order（a）神的秩序Dolpo多尔波domestic arrangements家庭组织形式？domestic order家庭内部的秩序domestic politics家庭政治学double unilineal（双系制？）（cognatic systems并系制？）（复系继嗣nonunilineal descent）Dozam Khola valleys （the）多扎科拉河谷Dozam Khola（the）多扎科拉河dual sets of models双重模式Dullu都鲁dynamics of social structure（the） 社会结构的变动each household line各个家户世系earlier years of their rule（in the）在其统治初期effect of this is（The）这实际上是Ekvall艾克瓦尔elaboration of对精心表述embedded culturally and socially that none would suffice（so deeply）如此深深地被嵌入尼巴人的文化与社会中，以至谁也没有能力把这两个问题解释清楚embellish upon the literary sources 对文献资料的加工、润色endogamous等级内婚（的），内婚的，（exogamous 外婚的）epiphenomena副现象establish a key parameter of 建立关键性参项establish a village settlement 在村里建立了自己的住宅区establish patterns for建立了种种模式establish ritual friendships with建立礼仪性的友好关系ethnic closure（the）族群的自我封闭ethnic group 族群Evans-Pritchard艾文思普利查德evolution of structural relationships（the）结构关系演变exclusive control over their wives sexual and childbearing capacities在性生活及生育能力方面的排他性的控制exhortations for village unity（in）为了维护村民的团结一致exotic biases鄙薄异域习俗的偏见，对异域习俗的偏见exotic preoccupations感到诧异expansion of landholdings（the）耕地扩展explain these exceptions by reference to specific, historical events把这种例外情况归因于某些特定的历史事件explorations of the cultural features of kinship systems对亲属关系制度中所体现的文化特征的开拓性研究expressed models被抽取出来的模式extended family 扩大家庭extended family household 扩展型家户extended period（an）拖的时间较久 （偏正词组：主谓词组）external logic外在的逻辑evolution of structural relationships（the）结构关系演变false consciousness虚假意识families家族，家庭fathers sister（the）姑母fathers siblings父方的同胞兄弟姐妹father-son links父子关系farther west and south再往西、往南/西面、南面更远一点fieldwork 田野调查filiation 亲子关系first wife（the）大老婆，原配folk theories of human attributes民间关于/流传的人类属性理论，人类属性的民间理论follow whatever best aids understanding注重分析那些最有助于我们理解followers of信奉form what came to be known as the Kalyal confederacy组成世人所说的卡尔亚尔联盟Fortes 福特斯founders of their clan 家系的创建人 four roads of kinship四路亲属fourfold schemata四重的先验图式framework for future village structure（the）未来村落结构的框架frameworks of analysis分析框架fraternity polyandrous marriage 一妻多夫的兄弟共妻婚free subjects 自由民full citizens完全意义上的公民full civic status 完全公民身份full genealogies for lineages（世系）完整的家谱full rights and prerogatives vis-vis the state国家赋予的充分的权利和某些优先权fundamental social cleavage（one）一种基本的社会差异Furer-Haimendorf 福勒海门道夫Geertz戈尔茨gender性别genealogical data家谱资料genealogical matters 家系问题general prejudice toward immigrants（the）普遍对移民者存在偏见Giddens吉顿斯god of their household line（the）家系之神Goldstein 戈尔德斯坦Goody古迪Grandmother Goddess of Prosperity and Agricultural Wealth兴旺与丰收祖母女神greater and lesser inclusiveness（of）涵盖大小不一的grounded in以为依据的groups群体Guge 古格guiding behavior对人们的行为的引导hamlet-dispersed modes of settlement边缘小村扩散的聚落模式hamlets外围住宅区，边缘小村，隶属同一个村的小村（组，如达隆雪）have a disproportionate effect on the others对其他子系统特别大的影响作用have established patterns for alliance and kinship alignments in the present day已为当今的联姻范围及亲属关系建立了种种模式have far-reaching consequences for the countrys economy对国家的经济产生深远影响have no relevance in 与没有联系have social repercussions发挥社会作用hearth炉灶，火塘hereditary lamas世袭喇嘛hereditary rank 世袭等级hereditary social strata（such） 这种世袭性社会地位Hiatt希亚特high lord of ancient lineage（a）世系久远的名门大户（ancient lineage久远的世系）higher ranking in a caste society在一个种姓制社会中（获得）较高社会地位higher-level political fields上级行政机构各部门Hindu state（in a）在一个信仰印度教的国家里Hindu-Buddhist contact zone（the）印度教与佛教的接触带Hindus of high castes 高种姓印度教徒们hold a certain precedence in marriage在婚姻生活方面拥有一定的优先权（委婉：性生活）hold knowledge about the community- wide clan system了解全社区范围内的氏族体系hold rights of ownership over their land享有对其土地的占有权Hofer霍费尔Holland霍兰德Holy霍利household gods家神household membership家户成员资格/身份household registers 户口登记资料household siblings同一户人家中的（兄弟）姐妹household system 家户制度households of married lamas喇嘛户human reproduction人类繁衍Humla district久姆拉地区Humla久姆拉地区hyper- to an excessive degree; above; over 过度; 在.上; 高於hypergamous marriage 同层婚姻，与上层或地位高的人联姻hypo- less than usual, especially too little；under; beneath 在.下; 低於; 次於hypogamous marriage 向下流动的婚姻 （顺向调动逆向调动？）顺向婚姻？ideas about substance transmissions物质遗传观念idiom 方言，土语，成语inasmuch as （=because）因为independent principalities 独立侯国identify the uniformities in certain aspects of Tibetan life对藏族生活中某些方面的一致性加以识别（加以识别=进行识别）identify the diversity and features of regional micro-variation in others对其他方面的、地区性微小变化方面的不同与特点进行分析idiosyncratic 有特点的，有自己的特点ill-suited to agriculture不适合农作物生长的immediate descendants（the）直系后代immediate family（ones）直系亲属（父母、子女、兄弟、姐妹）impoverished villages I passed along my way沿途那些贫困、凋敝的村庄natural inference is that（The）若依据常理推断的话，只能说inform sth. =give (sth) its essential features; pervade 赋予（某事物）其特徵; 贯穿; 遍及: the sense of justice which informs all her writings 体现在她所有写作中的那种正义感in hunting-and-gathering societies狩猎采集社会in speaking of kin在提及“亲属”时in the district and farther afieldin this regard在这方面incest rules 禁止乱伦的规定increasing and increasingly dramatic pace of change（the）社会变革的速度越来越快Inden英顿index to sociocultural change（an）社会文化变革的索引Indian varna system印度的瓦尔纳制度individual clan names 个人的氏族名individuals social identity 个人的社会身份idiom for a system of hierarchical clanship（the）等级氏族制的习惯用语inferiors下等人inherently suited to Tibetan behavioral forms对藏族的行为方式具有固有的适应本能institution of spirit mediumship精神中介机制（格勒翻译有误：灵媒机制-精神通灵机制）interdine 共餐，同桌吃饭intergroup behavior群际行为 intergroup conflict群体间冲突intergroup relation群际关系interlocking 连锁的，互相结合的，环环相扣的（？）interrelated（be）互相交织在一起intersecting relationships multifaceted relationships which encompass both erotic, economic and hierarchical dimensions 相互交叉的关系，其中既有性爱方面的、也有经济方面的以及等级制度方面的involve包括involvement （the）联系，关系isolated societies like that of Nyinba（the most）像尼巴人那样的地处偏远的社会items almost entirely of their own manufacture 几乎完全是他们自己加工的东西its own cultural momentum本身具有的文化力量Jaschke雅什科jat加特joint family 联合家庭Kalyal confederacy（the）卡尔亚尔联盟Karnali River（the）格尔纳利河Karnali Zone（the）格尔纳利边疆区，格尔纳利一带Kasikot 卡西考特Keesing基辛Khasa喀萨Kin血亲，家人，亲戚kin terms亲属称谓kingdom of Gorkha（the）廓尔喀王国kinship（blood relationship）血缘关系，血族关系，亲属关系（不能译为“亲属制度”）kinship alignments亲属关系kinship analogies亲属之间的相似之处（增词思考：亲属相似之处）kinship and politics亲属关系与政治kinship calculation 亲属关系计算kinship calculus （the）近亲的算法kinship commitments kinship idioms亲属之间的有关习惯/习语kinship proximity 最近的亲属关系Kopytoff克比托夫Ladakh 拉达克landholders土地所有者larger set of ideas about mixing of substances（a）物质混合的种种思想观念larger, comparative study（a）更大范围的比较调查（范围更大的更大范围的）lawless activities legal sanctions法律制裁legendary Khasa ancestry（of）喀萨是他们传说中的祖先legends of origin起源的传说legitimacy of claims to higher status 要求获得更高社会地位的合法性level of cultural models（the）文化模式的层面Levine列文life-long co-residence（their）终身住在一起limit mens reproductive opportunities限制男人在生儿育女方面的机会Limi里米line of ancestry（a）世代的祖先line of males over time（a）过去男性方面的世系line of people from past to present（the）从古到今同一家系 lineage segments世系（血统）的组成部分lineages家系，世系群lines of descent 血统世系lines of inheritance, succession, and descent传承、继承与血统lines that parallel descent使血统平行的线，平行线上的血统line世系lineal ancestors直系祖先lineal descendant直系子孙。lineal descendants of the ancestor（the）该祖先之后裔lineal heirs直系后嗣direct heredity直系遗传linkage at the level of cultural models（the）文化模式层面上的联系linkage of brothers in marriage（the）兄弟共妻关系 （字面：把弟兄们连接在婚姻里）literary sources文献资料literary works文献local administrative unit乡村行政委员会local clan当地的氏族local deities地方神local god当地的神，地方神local sites朝圣地local spirit medium（the）当地人神的中介（当地沟通神灵的中介）locus of clanspeoples commonalities同一氏族的人的共同点 lone survivor and refounder（the）唯一的幸存者和重建者lower valley peoples 低谷地区居民lowest altitudes（at the very）地势最低的Macdonald麦克唐纳Macfarlane麦克法莱恩magpa=in-marrying son-in-lawmainstream Tibetan life藏族主流社会maintenance of a Tibetan ethnic identity（the）尼巴人保持藏族的民族认同major advantage for trading in Tibet（a）前往西藏从事贸易活动极为有利Malla heirs马拉王室后人management of sexual relationships（the）安排他们的婚姻/性生活mani (prayer) walls玛尼墙marital choice婚姻抉择marital partners 婚姻伴侣，夫妻mark of descent（the）血统标记mark of Nyinba-ness（a）尼巴人的标志marry uxorilocally to入赘到妻子家住marry within 在中选择婚姻伴侣maternal antecedents母系祖先maternal line 母系线matrilineal母系的matrilineal descent 终系继嗣matrilateral母方的matrilateral kin 母方亲属matrilateral kinship母系亲属关系matrililateral parallel siblingship母方的同性姐妹（？）matrilateral subcategoriesmatrilocal从妻居matrilocality 从妻居matters of population 人口问题 meditation 坐禅静修medium(s) 灵媒，通灵的人mediumship 灵媒身份（？我的翻译）member household membership（全体）成员；成员资格method of analysis（the）分析方法migration迁居Milarepa米拉日巴minimal definition基本概念mix mouths嘴的混合mix sexually 两性间的混合models of family家族模式models of household家户模式models of social structure in the legend传说中所展现的社会结构模式modern nation-state现代民族国家modern social system现代社会制度modes of settlement聚落模式Moore莫尔more distant agnates远亲most inclusive level（the） 最大涵盖面mothers brother and sisters child 舅舅或姨妈的孩子most-senior generation（the）最年长的一代人mothers brother（the）舅舅mothers sister姨妈mother-in-law 婆婆Mount Saipal萨伊帕尔山multi-ethnic society of Nepal 尼泊尔这样一个多民族的国家multifaceted relationships 多方面的关系mutual commitments in families and households家族及家户成员之间互相承担义务mutual cultural interchange文化上的互相交流mythic qualities神话性质Nakanenarrative themes and orientations 本书主题与论述方向natural clan同氏族成员nearby pilgrimage places附近的一些朝圣地nearby to the north以北不太远的地方/北边不远处need no explaining没必要加以解释neighboring groups毗邻群体neolocal (婚后)既不住在男方也不住在女方家中的，新居制neolocality 新居制Nepalicized Byansi尼泊尔人化了的布扬西人Nepalis of high caste高种姓的尼泊尔人Netting 纳廷Nicholas尼古拉斯noble origin起源于贵族，高贵的出身nomadic pastoralists of the northern plains羌境的游牧民noninterference in others private sexual affairs不插足于其他人性生活方面的私人事务not really fit the situation here不是很贴切的not universally applicable并非普遍适用notions about the jurisdictions of local gods（in）对地方神管辖范围的看法nuclear families核心家庭nucleation versus dispersion集中与分散nyenpun聂普恩Nyimatang尼玛塘Nyin Yul Tshan Zhi尼玉措希Nyinba are ethnic Tibetans 尼巴人是藏民族的一支Nyinba claims of Tibetan origins尼巴人声称他们源于西藏Nyinba distance from mainstream Tibetan life尼巴人与藏族主流社会相距遥远Nyinba host 东道主尼巴人Nyinba household system尼巴人的家户制度Nyinba in time and place（the）时空变化中的尼巴人Nyinba of equivalent social standing具有相同社会地位的尼巴人（存在类动词）Nyinba origin legends尼巴人关于其起源的传说Nyinba placement within the larger multi-ethnic society of Nepal尼巴人地处尼泊尔这样一个多民族的国家之内Nyingmapa sect of Tibetan Buddhism藏传佛教尼玛派observe family life in as many homes as possible 观察尽量多的人家的家庭生活observers model调查者所表述的模式offer some/little to guide interpretation 给予/不能给予启发性的解释offices of lama and nun 喇嘛和尼姑的职务officiant 主祭 offspring 子女（不要译成子孙）one bone people 同一种骨质的人one man my age 和我同年的一个男人only marginally relevant to对影响已很微弱（与只有很少的相似性）origin legends（the）起源传说orthodox Marxist interpretation（an）正统的马克思主义的解释Ortner奥特纳（参阅论著）outcome of chance 偶然因素造成的（的结果）（the）out-marriageoutset（at the）一开始outside political Tibet 政治上的西藏之外overlap between clan and village memberships（the）氏族成员身份和村落成员身份的重合over time if something happens over time, it happens gradually during a long period长期以来owe much to 在很大程度上应归功于own cultural self-consciousness（ones）自己的文化自觉Padmasambhava莲华戒pal clan members帕氏族的人principalities侯国panchayat council members 潘查雅特委员par excellence最卓越的parallel cousins平辈从表，平表婚（父母的同性兄弟姐妹的孩子间的关系，如父亲的兄弟或母亲的姐妹的孩子间的关系，视为同胞兄妹，彼此一般不得通婚）parallel sex links 同性的关系parenthood父母身份part of the southern kingdom王国南部的一部分地区（南方的王国：误译）partition分家Passin帕森paternal aunt 姑婆paternity in polyandrous marriages一妻多夫婚中父系血统patriarchal父权的、家长的patrifilial inheritance父系子代继承patrifilial succession父系继承制patrifiliation父系确认patrilateral kinpatrilineal descent父系血统，父系继嗣patrilineagepatrifocality从夫居patron-client relationship侍从关系 ; 主从关系 ; 恩庇侍从关系 ; 恩侍关系patti帕涕Paul保罗peasant societiespedigree家系，门第people related naturally非婚生亲属per stirpes reckoning（by） 按世袭分per stirpes inherence system单世系继承制perception of common identity认同感perhaps especially to the male eye尤其在男性看来大概periodic admissions of immigrants定期地允许外来移民迁入（允许什么某