托福最最新(写作).docx

托福教案原则：1尽量用中文思考好，提纲; 提纲乃精华，需要稀释。2大方向定了之后， 应该有2-3点小观点来支撑。各小观点间不应有交集；小论点则是中心句；忍住 “，+because”的冲动。3，Draft 草稿, 300字以上即可接受4, 简单清晰； imagination translation;大学生毕业之后有很大的就业压力和很大的无奈 After graduation, college students have a lot of employment pressure and despair.Every year, thousands and thousands of college students leave school and flood into the marekts. They stand in long lines and fight each other for a small job. Most of them have no luck. For the lucky ones, they only get 800 yuan amonth, which is not enough for a basic life in the cities. 人们饱受污染之痛 People suffer terribly from pollution. People dirk dirty water, cough in dirty air and eat poisonous food. They are troubled with one disease or another. they cry and struggle under the grey sky.VS People drink dirty water and cough in dirty air. They are troubled with one disease or another. They cry and struggle under the grey sky. 如今人们普遍虐待动物 abuse animals Today， people generally abuse animals. Today, we often see cold-blooded people throw cats out of windows, kick dogs in streets, and run after poor pets with a huge stick in hand. Nowadays, we often see old, sick, lonely and disabled dogs, cats, pigs and even chickens wander in the streets, hide in dark corners and eat in dirty dustbins. They look at humans from a distance with a scared heart. 扣题 （A & D: people should buy products made in their own countries, even if the price is higher than in other countries）连贯 1, 关联词于是，结果就是thus, so that, as a result, consequently, therefore, accordingly; 另外 in addition, besides, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another2，定语从句那个生产多过消费的群体 That group where the production is more than the consumption. I still remember the winter day when I had your hand in mine. 词汇 （用平， 用小，用活, 3-4级左右）语法：定语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，状语从句状语从句和主句最好做到一对一如果去西方国家读书，那么可以接受更好的教育，因为那里的学校，教师和知识都更好 （下句不妥）If one goes to the western countries to study, he is likely to get better education, because there are better universities, professors and more advanced knowledge. 逻辑主谓要一致如果没有健康， 那么什么都没有意义 If without health, then nothing is meaningful. 作为学生，学习是最大任务“有”+百分比的时候要注意有80% 的城市家庭养宠物80% of the city families keep a pet人称用第三人称，不要用第一和第二人称。标点符号逗号，用在两个并列成分间通常为连贯词and, 倘若两个成分比较长（每个成分有定语从句），或者每个成分中间已经出现了and，则可以在主要的连接词and前面加入逗号；在介词词组“from A to B”这样的结构中，以上方法同效新时期的绝望mad /crazy /helpless主妇们包括include那些必须全职工作为支付柴米油盐的以及那些花尽心思挽留丈夫的.Today, the helpless housewives include those who have to work seven days a week to pay the living cost of the family ,and those who do everything to keep their husbands.这是形形色色的一群人，从坐飞机的职业经理人到坐高铁的白领到普通大众，他们匆忙回家，不管方式如何：可以坐火车，汽车，摩托车乃至步行。This is a group of people, from the managers who travel by plane, to the office people who travel by high-speed train, and to the common people who hurry back home by all means-by bus, train, mortorbike or even on foot. 这一理论theory/conclusion在两大例子中得到充分的体现obvious in，在巴西brazil 高的文盲率illiteracy rate和糟糕的报纸销售量newspaper sale成正比match；在阿根廷argentina，低的文盲率和高的报纸销售量成正比 This theory is quite clear in two examples of Brazil, where the high illiteracy rate matches the poor newspaper sale, and Argentina, where the low illiteracy rate matches the good newspaper sale. 山秃了，水脏了， 空气毒了，人民病了The mountains are bald, the water dirty, the air poisonous and the people sick有了法律从旁监督，那么我们的政府是清廉的，我们的官员是诚实的，邪恶势力是虚弱的，人民群众是满意的With the law standing by, the governments are clean, the officials honest, the evil forces weak and the people satisfied. Some movies deal with the future fantasies, some with the real life, and some with funny and silly situations. 书名号：化作一句古话中国有句古话说的好：There is an old Chinese saying which goes that -According to an old Chinese saying, -An old Chinese saying goes that-两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。True love is not afraid of time and distance. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻 Distance separates no true lovers /friends 患难之间见真情 a friend in need is a friend indeed. 君子之交淡若水 noble friends should keep each other at a distance。 三岁看老 ones childhood determines his adulthood. 不打不成器 spare the rod, spoil the kid. Traditional wisdom/thinking goes that 传统上我们认为-当地有个传说说，一条白蛇化作女人，嫁了男人，生了娃A local sotry goes that a white snake transformed into a beauty, married a man and had a baby. People of diferent personalities and interests cant be good friends. 常用因果关系表述法较好的副词：as a result, hence, consequently 因此常用介词：due to (中性)， owing to （中性），thanks to (褒义)，because of （中性）常用动词：(主语是物体，事件，不能是人)result in/from, lead to, bring about, give rise to (导致)， contribute to 导致(中性)， One careless step leads to a huge disaster. 一着不慎，满盘皆输one minor mistake leads to a major disaster be responsible for (中性，主语可能是人、物体，事件), blame - on 将-归罪到-头上（主语肯定是人）many of the locals blame the social problems on the outsiders/aliens 常用句型：The reasons for such a concern may involve the fact that 这样的担心的理由有很多，包括-A couple of factors /causes might have contributed to this phenomenon/problem 该现象的发生， 背后有一些列原因增加数字的方法：1， 用事实说话，以facts/figures论证。research findings indicate/reveal/suggest/show研究结果显示= research finds 研究结果显示这个国家女性和少数民族占到了劳动力的很大部分Research findings show that a large percentage of the workforce are women and minorities 结论, according to a recent survey / according to the 1999 census /data/statistics 根据最近的一个调查-数据都是政府的According to the data released by the local government, -当地政府发布的数据; According to the survey conducted by the municipal government ,- 当地政府所做的调查; According to the statistics from the related authorities, -有关单位的统计资料;2）例子，故事，贴近生活（朋友，邻居，自己家）2 使用例证常用例证表达：For example/for instance譬如+ 一个例子 （句子）Such +as 至少两个例子（名词）A case in point is -/- is a typical case in point. -是一个典型的例子Whether it be A or B or C- 不管是-For proof, look no further than - 要找例子很简单，-就是典型的Similar examples are simply many/numerous 类似的例子很多Similar examples simply abound 类似的例子举不胜举Successful examples include A, B, and C成功的例子包括-大自然在发威，海啸就是一个典型的例子The nature is taking its revenge/ becoming angry. Tsunami is a typical case in point. 海豚对一切活的东西都感兴趣，不管是鸟类还是兽类Dolphins are interested in everything that is alive, whether it be bird or beast (the furs and feathers 飞禽走兽） birds of one feather flock together 虽然有人认为他们有权利选择健康还是享受。但是个人认为吸烟应该被彻底禁止，不管是在公开场所还是办公场所Though some may argue that they have the right to choose between health and enjoyment, I tend to believe that smoking should be banned in any place, whether it be in the public facilities/places or the office facilities/places.我们今天的生活无比美好，远远超过了父辈father generation们的想象imagination。要找例子只要看看今日的饮食就可以了。无论是从品种还是营养度上，以往的饮食都无法和今日的饮食相比较 compareOur life is very beautiful today, which is beyond the imagination of the fathers. For proof, look no further than the food of today. Ineed, the food of yesterday cant compare with that of today, not only in quantity, but also in quality.Our life is better than our fathers could ever imagine. For proof, look no further than the food of today. Ineed, the food of yesterday cant compare with that of today, not only in quantity, but also in quality. 无论从数量还是质量的角度来说，中国的大学都无法和西方的大学比较 Chinese universities cant compare/compete with/ rival western universities, not only in quantity but also in quality. 大的框架结构1, 一管到底Pressure results from a series of factorsFrom AFrom BFrom C 衡量一个国家成功与否的标准有哪些 A countrys success is based on a series of factors. On the economic development. On the living standard of the people. (the gap between the rich and the poor= the income gap)On the law system. With the law system standing by, the govenrment is clean, the officials honest, the evil forces weak and the people satisfied. On the environmental protection. (山秃了，水脏了，空气毒了。人们咳，喘着，在疾病中挣扎着 the mountains are bald, the water dirty, and the air poisonous. People cough, choke and moan. They are troubled by diseases of this kind or that kind.)people will be consumed by death before they can consume the economic fruits)On the educational system. (produce for the society useful people, provide its people with euqal education opportunities, and atrract smart people from other countries)2, 主系表倒装 The USA is among the most developed countries in the world. Following closely behind is - Why in the developing countries, peoples life expectancy is increasing and infant mortality is decreasing? 诸多因素之一就是生活水平的提高among the favorable factors is the improvement of peoples living standard. (feed and clothe themselves well. Enjoy a variety/diversity of cultral and sport activities.)于此匹配的是医疗上面取得的进步Matching this is the progress that we have made in medical treatment, and the protection we get from the free-medi-care system (get timely and proper treatment without fearing a finaical ruin)同样重要的是这个社会的安定和平 equally important is the peace and security of the society. 最后一点就是我们在科技上取得的进步。Last but not least is the progress we have made in science and technology. 3, 顶真：一正装，一倒装。课业不见了，同时不见的还有严格的监管和引导As a result of the school burden-reduction effort, the heavy homework is gone; but gone too is the guidence of teachers. 你不仅人漂亮，内心也漂亮 Your face is beautiful; beautiful too is your heart. 你不仅人漂亮，内心更漂亮 Your face is beautiful, and more beautiful is your heart your face is beautiful and more so is your heart. 中国的经济在飙涨soaring，家长的财富wealth在飞涨。 于是家长们想到这样美妙的烧钱方法不足为奇。Chinas economy is soaring, soaring too is the wealth of the parents. Chinas economy is soaring, and so is the wealth of the parents. It is no surprise that parents should come up with such a fancy idea of burning money.游客获益了benefit， 当地人也获益了 The travellers benefit, so do the locals 游客已经获益了， 当地人也是如此 The travellers have benefited, so have the locals. 1） 顶真写作法就是将顶真强行扯断上一段落结尾处-be +adj 下一段落开头：And adj too be+ -随着工业化和城市化的进展，我们的青山绿水遗失了。同时消失不见的还有我们无忧无虑的简单生活，人们在压力和昂贵的生活成本下挣扎呻吟。With the development of cities and industries, our green mountains and clear rivers are lost; lost too is the easy and simple life. People struggle anc cry under the mounting pressure and the increasing living cost. 2） 段落结束总结：不及物动词+介词+n(a) 新段落开始：and + 介词n(b),继续扩写中国的经济得益于工业化和都市化 benefit from 也得益于广大农民工farmer-larborers，他们没有工作偏见prejudice，愿意在任何时候，任何地点接受任何工作 Indeed， chinas economy benefits from the development of cities and industries. And from the large numbers of farmer-larborers who have no job prejudice. They can take any job anywhere and anytime. 一，超过70%的作文可采用一面倒的形式，即或者赞同，或者不赞同。写作思路简单（大部分可采用如下形式）1， 引入话题（交代观点发生冲突的前提背景）+我的观点+理由如下2， 阐述支持观点的理由123。写好中心句，从道理上论证(3-4句话)，结束之后进行例子，数据等的支持。3， 总结观点，交代简单的解决方案 （最好写清楚观点是什么）“should parents send kids abroad for education?”1， 引入： 肯定现象，且进行一定夸张(数量，范围，程度)；问题产生（快，少，大概）人们问，好还是坏？-争论颇多，观点四起；我的观点，理由如下越来越多an increasing number of -; increasingly popular; 不再是个别人做的，已经是一种潮流-no longer a fasion, but rather a trend 人们问是好是坏。Then arises the voice/opinion that -Thus arises the question whether - is harmful or beneficial观点四起，争论不已Arguments have appeared/arisen and opinions are divided家长疑惑，专家担心Parents are confused and experts are concerned (be经常可以进行省略，前提是没有出现句号:山秃了，水脏了，空气毒了 the mountains are bald, the rivers dirty and the air poisonous.政府是清廉的，官员是诚实的，邪恶势力是虚弱的，人民群众是满意的 The governments are clean, the officials honest, the evil forces weak and the people satisfied.)Sth is under heated discussion某物争论很多 Sth is at the center of controversy/argument备受争议 Sth is at the center of a storm of controversy 受到了暴风骤雨一般的争议Sth is at the center of abuse /criticism受到了指责和谩骂Sb is at the cener of both abuse and praise 某人褒贬不一。2， 中间段落通过firstly, secondly, thirdly 来点明；每个段落里有几层意思，则通过 besides, in addition, whats more 等来表明3， 最后段落综上所述Based on the above analysis/what has been discussed最后In conclusion 我想再次重申我的观点，我赞同、不赞同文中观点I should confirm that /reiterate that/repeat that I agree /disagree with the view given in the exam. 1, In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. To what extent do you agree or disagree with people who decide to do this.The vast wild; the sophisticated societyOutside the schools/off the campus 在教室之外1， 放松身心;拓展视野，增加知识 2，挣钱；训练独立生存能力；积累社会经验和关系 3，工作和旅游能够让自己了解社会和自己（所有的小论点先从正面论证，在从反面论证if without;（中心句的写作，一定不要用指示代词they, it, themselves）如果功力不强悍，则用条件从句和主句的形式展开；如果功力足够，则用主谓宾的结构）(中心句之后的道理或者是原因或者是背景，有什么结果)Firslty, travelling may widen the horizon and enrich the konwlege of the young. When the young travel to a distant place, they surely can feel a lot about different cultures and customs. Such knowledge cant be learnt in books but definitely helps the young to do research when they return to study. If wihout such knowledge, the young will just look like bookworms, stubborn and surburban. On the other hand, travelling may relax the minds and the bodies of the young. They have been through three years of darkness and pressure. They are tired, mentally and physically. In theory, they need rest; in reality, they can afford the time. As a result, they will become refreshed when they return to their college study. If without such rest and relaxation, they will be full of hatred toward study.Secondly, working may give the young a perfect opportunity to make some money. Averagely, a high school graduate can make up to 800 yuan a month, which means he can save at least 4000 yuan a year. This money is enough for one year in the college. Besides, working may train the ability of the young to live independently. These young people used to live under the protection and care of the parents and teachers. Consequently, they lack the basic skills to live all by themsevels. Yet, in jobs, they surely will improve the ability to take care of themselves. According to the survey by Zhejiang University, 26% of the fresh men have working experiences. These teenagers obviously know more to deal with problems, difficulties and challenges in both their social life and their school life. Yet, most importantly, working may help the young to get some social relations and meet some interesting people. such relations and smart people can help them out of troubles and push them to heights in careers in the future. Thirldy, working or travelling may give the young a better and deeper understanding of the society and themselves. Consequently, they know what they desire in their life and why. Such people usually have a clear mind, which means they can work harder and more effectively in colleges. If without such experience, they will just dream through four years. Based on the above analysis, I should reiterate that young people should be enouraged to work or travel for some time during that gap year. However, the parents and the society should warn them of the possible dangers and temptations, so that the young can be fully prepared. 1, 引入： 如今，有些高中毕业生考完之后不直接上大学，相反， 用一年多的时间去旅游，去工作，或者为了拓展见识，或者为了增加阅历。而且这样的做法不仅仅是一种时尚，而且蔚然成风。于是有人就不禁要问，这样做值不值得，应不应该。的确在这个问题上，争论四起，观点不一。但是我个人还是反对，理由如下Nowadays, some high school graduates do not go to universities directly after their examination. Instead, they will spend one year travelling or working, either to broaden their eyes or to enrich their experiences. This has not only become a fashion but also a small trend. People just cant help asking whether this is a curse or a blessing for the young. Indeed, arguments have appeared and opininons are divided. Be that as it may, I strongly disagree for the following reasons. 2，不能去1，浪费时间和金钱2，安全和被骗3，追不上同学，回不来Firstly, if the young decide to do this, then they are wasteing time and money. One year for traveling or working is simply too long for a high school graduate who are supposed to focus their precious time on their academic study. Besides, any trip needs an amount of money. Not all the students have such a financial ability. Secondly, during their trip or work, the young are at a high risk of being hurt or cheated. For example, many young people can get lost in the vast forests. The most recent tragedy is about 5 students from Fudan University, who got lost in the dark forest without any supply of water or food and without any communication equipment. Without the timely and magical help from some local policemen, they would have been killed by the nature. Such stories are simply too many. For another instance, the young are not experienced enough to deal with the foxy and sophisticated adults. They may not recognize the problems in their working contract. As a result, a lot of young people may get no pay when they finish their part-time job. Even worse, they dont know where to get the help of laws. Lastly, they are highly likely to fall behind their classmates who never take time off the important period. For some individuals, there even exists a possibility that they will never come back to the study. For example, they will find it is better to continue their part work. Based on the above analysis, I totally disagree with those who decide to spend one year travelling or working. But I do agree that the young should use all the “normal” opportunities to widen their horizon and increase their extra-class experience. 3，总结观点，解决方案，课余，假期去拓展视野，增加社会经验Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree?Have access to computers 可以接触到电脑Is this machine the padora box or the treasure box?这个机器是潘多拉魔盒还是宝盒？Is this machine a curse or a blessing 这个机器是诅咒还是福音？Enter thousands of families 进入千家万户 =penetrate thousands of families 丰富娱乐休闲生活Enrich our recreational and entertainment lifeConquer people of all ages 征服了所有年龄的人 Sit in front of the TV, with their eyes staring at the screen 坐在电视前面， 眼睛盯着屏幕 With their eyes glued to the screen 眼睛盯着屏幕 （glue 胶水）Get addicted to sth 对某物上瘾了 Harm the eyesight /ruin the health 伤害视力，毁害健康 Nearsighted 近视眼的, 目光短浅的Farsighted 目光长远的 Have pains in necks, backs and waists 颈椎，背部，腰部有病Ruin/poison/corrupt the minds毒害心灵 More often than not经常Ther