精读unit2单词讲解.doc

Unit 2alcohol / lkhl; US -hl; lkhl/ n U (a) colourless liquid that can cause drunkenness, contained in drinks such as beer, wine, brandy and whisky 酒精. (b) this liquid used as a solvent and fuel 乙醇. U drinks containing this 含酒精的饮料; 酒: prohibit the sale of alcohol 禁止售酒 * I never touch (ie drink drinks that contain) alcohol. 我从不喝酒. U, C chemical compound of the same type as alcohol 醇. alcoholic / lkhlk; US -hl-; lkhlk/ adj 1 of or containing alcohol 酒精的; 含酒精的: ,alcoholic drinks 含酒精的饮料 * Home-made wine can be very alcoholic. 自制的酒有的酒性很烈. 2 attrib 作定语 caused by drinking alcohol 由喝酒引起的: be in an,alcoholic stupor 醉得不省人事. n person who drinks too much alcohol or suffers from alcoholism 饮酒过度的人; 酒鬼; 酒精中毒的人.alcoholism / -zm; -zm/ n U (disease caused by) continual heavy drinking of alcohol 酒精中毒（症）.appreciate / priet; priet/ v Tn understand and enjoy (sth); value highly 理解并欣赏（某事物）; 赏识; 高度评价: You cant fully appreciate foreign literature in translation. 看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓. * I really appreciate a good cup of tea. 有好茶一杯, 我就真乐在其中了. * Your help was greatly appreciated, ie We were grateful for it. 非常感谢你的帮助. Tn, Tf, Tw understand (sth) with sympathy 体恤, 体念, 体谅（某事物）: I appreciate your problem, but I dont think I can help you. 我理解你的困难, 但却爱莫能助. * I appreciate that you may have prior commitments. 我体谅你可能事先已另有承诺. * You dont seem to appreciate how busy I am. 你似乎不能体念我多麽忙. I increase in value 增值; 涨价: Local property has appreciated (in value) since they built the motorway nearby. 自从附近修建了高速公路, 本地的地产（价值）已经增值. appreciative / pritv; prietv/ adj (of sth) feeling or showing understanding or gratitude 有欣赏力的; 表示赏识的; 感激的: an appreciative letter, audience, look 感谢信 表示欣赏的观众（或听众） 赏识的神情 * Im most appreciative of your generosity. 我对你的慷慨感激之至. appreciatively adv.brow / brau; bra/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) = eyebrow. = forehead: mop ones brow 擦前额. =Usage at body 用法见body. slope leading to the top (of a hill); edge (of a cliff) （山的）坡顶; （悬崖的）边缘: Our car stalled on the brow of a steep hill. 我们的汽车在山顶陡坡处抛锚了. (idm 习语) knit ones brow(s) = knit.chest / test; tst/ n large strong box for storing or shipping things in 大箱子: a tea chest 茶叶箱 * a medicine chest 药品箱 * a tool chest 工具箱. upper front part of the body from the neck to the stomach 胸部: a hairy chest 多毛的胸部 * What size are you round the chest? 你的胸围是多少? * attrib 作定语 chest pains 胸部疼痛 * a chest cold, ie one that affects the lungs 重感冒. =illus at human 见human之插图. (idm 习语) ,get sth off ones chest (infml 口) say sth that one has wanted to say for a long time 说出积存已久的话: Youre obviously worried about something; why not get it off your chest? 你显然有心事, 何不一吐为快? hold/keep ones cards close to ones chest = card1. -chested (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of chest 有某种胸部的: ,broad-chested * ,bare-chested * Shes ,flat-chested, ie She has very small breasts. 她胸部扁平（乳房很小）.chesty adj (Brit infml 口) tending to suffer from or showing the symptoms of bronchial disease 易患支气管疾病的; 有支气管疾患症状的: She often gets chesty in wet weather. 在潮湿天气, 她经常犯支气管炎. * a chesty cough 患支气管炎引起的咳嗽. chestiness n U.# ,chest of drawers (US also bureau) piece of furniture with drawers for storing clothes in （有抽屉的）衣橱. =illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.concern 1 / knsn; knsn/ v Tn (a) be the business of (sb); be important to; affect 是（某人）的事; 对.有重要性; 影响: Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you. 别管与自己无关的事. * The loss was a tragedy for all concerned, ie all those affected by it. 那损失对一切有关的人来说都是极为痛心的. * Where the children are concerned., ie In matters where one must think of them. 关系到孩子们的问题. * To whom it may concern., eg at the beginning of a public notice or a testimonial of sbs character, ability, etc 敬启者.(b) be about (sth); have as a subject 关於（某事物）; 作为议题: a report that concerns drug abuse 关於滥用毒品的报告. Tn.pr oneself with/in/about sth be busy with sth; interest oneself in sth 忙於（某事）; 关心（某事）: Theres no need to concern yourself with this matter; were dealing with it. 你不用管这事了, 我们正在处理. Tn worry (sb); trouble; bother 使（某人）担忧; 使烦恼; 打扰: Our losses are beginning to concern me. 我们的损失使我担起心来. (idm 习语) as/so far as sb/sth is concerned = far2. be concerned in sth have some connection with or responsibility for sth 与某事有牵连或对某事负有责任: He was concerned in the crime. 他与那起罪案有牵连. be concerned to do sth have it as ones business to do sth 把做某事视为自己的事. be concerned with sth be about sth 与某事物有关; 涉及某事物: Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment. 她最近的一部纪录片是关於青年人失业问题的. concerned adj (about/for sth/that.) worried; troubled 担心的; 烦恼的; 忧虑的: Concerned parents held a meeting. 忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会. * Were all concerned for her safety. 我们都为她的安全担忧. * Im concerned that they may have got lost. 我担心他们可能迷路了. concernedly / -sndl; -sndl/ adv.concerning prep about (sb/sth) 关於（某人某事物）: a letter concerning your complaint 关於你投诉的信件.concern 2 / knsn; knsn/ n (a) U (for/about/over sth/sb); (that.) worry; anxiety 担心; 忧虑; 焦虑; 焦急: There is no cause for concern. 不必发愁. * There is now considerable concern for their safety. 现在对他们的安全相当担心. * public concern about corruption 公众对於腐败现象的忧虑 * There is growing concern that they may have been killed. 现在越来越担心他们可能已遭杀害. (b) C cause of anxiety 焦虑的原因: Our main concern is that they are not receiving enough help. 我们最忧虑的是他们一直没有得到足够的帮助. C thing that is important or interesting to sb 对某人来说是重要的或感兴趣的事物: What are your main concerns as a writer? 你身为作家, 对什麽最感兴趣? * Its no concern of mine, ie I am not involved in it or I have no responsibility for it. 这事与我无关. * What concern is it of yours? ie Why do you take an interest in it or interfere with it? 那与你有什麽关系? C company; business 企业; 公司; 商行: a huge industrial concern 巨大的工业企业 * Our little corner shop is no longer a paying concern, ie is no longer profitable. 我们这个街头小店已赚不到钱了. C (in sth) share 股份: He has a concern in (ie is a part-owner of) the business. 他在企业中有股份（他是股东之一）. (idm 习语) a going concern = going.congratulate / kngrtulet; knrtlet/ v Tn, Tn.pr sb (on sth) tell sb that one is pleased about his good fortune or achievements 祝贺; 庆贺; 道喜: congratulate sb on his marriage, new job, good exam results, etc 祝贺某人结婚 找到新工作 考试成绩优良等. oneself (on/upon (doing) sth) consider oneself fortunate or successful; be proud (of sth) 认为自己幸运或成功; （为某事物而）自鸣得意: You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job. 你的工作做得很出色, 你应该感到自豪. congratulatory / kngrtultr; US -tr; knrtltr/ adj usu attrib 通常作定语 intended to congratulate 祝贺的: congratulatory words, letters, telegrams, etc 贺词 贺信 贺电.consider / knsd(r); knsd/ v Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tg sb/sth (for/as sth) think about sb/sth, esp in order to make a decision; contemplate sb/sth 考虑某人某事物（尤指以做决定为目的者）; 细想: We have considered your application carefully, but cannot offer you the job. 我们已经仔细地考虑了你的申请, 认为不能聘请你做这份工作. * consider sb for a job/as a candidate 考虑让某人做某工作作候选人 * Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到达那里? * We are considering going to Canada, ie we may go there. 我们正考虑到加拿大去. Tf, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.n/a, Cn.t sb/sth as sth be of the opinion; regard sb/sth as sth 认为; 视某人某事物为: We consider that you are not to blame. 我们认为不该责怪你. * We consider this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要. * Do you consider it wise to interfere? 你认为应该干预吗? * He will be considered a weak leader. 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人. * a painting previously considered as worthless, but which now turns out to be very valuable 一幅先前认为毫无价值的画, 现在却变成了珍品 * Hes generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country. 现在公认他是该国最佳的男高音歌手. * (fml 文) Hes very well considered (ie people have a high opinion of him) within the company. 他在公司中受到很高的评价. * Consider yourself (ie You are) under arrest. 你已被逮捕. Tn take (sth) into account; make allowances for 考虑到（某事物）; 体谅: We must consider the feelings of other people. 我们必须顾及他人的感情. * In judging him you should consider his youth. 在对他进行评审时, 你应该考虑到他还年轻. Tn (fml 文) look at (sb/sth) carefully 细看（某人某事物）: He stood considering the painting for some minutes. 他站在那幅画前凝视了几分钟. (idm 习语) allthings considered = thing. ,ones con,sidered opinion ones opinion arrived at after some thought 经仔细考虑後得出的意见: Its my considered opinion that you should resign. 我仔细考虑後认为你应该辞职.considerate / knsdrt; knsdrt/ adj (towardssb); (of sb) (to do sth) careful not to hurt or inconvenience others; thoughtful 为他人着想的; 考虑周到的: a considerate person, act, attitude 体贴别人的人 行为 态度等 * considerate towards her employees 能体谅她那些雇员 * It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴, 真是体贴入微. considerately adv. consideratenessn U.corner 1 1 / kn(r); krn/ n place where two lines, sides, edges or surfaces meet; angle enclosed by two walls, sides, etc that meet 角儿; 角落: A square has four corners; a cube has eight. 正方形有四个角儿; 立方体有八个角儿. * standing at a street corner 站在街角儿上 * the shop on/at the corner 位於街角儿的商店 * In the corner of the room stood a big old chair. 屋角儿放着一把旧的大椅子. * The address is in the top right-hand corner of the letter. 地址在这封信的右上角儿. * When I turned the corner (of the street) he had disappeared. 我拐过街角儿时他已经不见了. * He hit his knee on the corner of the table. 他的膝盖撞在桌子角儿上了. * attrib 作定语 the corner shop, ie on the corner of two streets 街角儿处的商店. (a) hidden, secret or remote place 隐蔽的 秘密的或偏僻的处所: money hidden in odd corners 藏在秘密地方的钱. (b) region; part; area 区域; 部分; 地区: She lives in a quiet corner of Yorkshire. 她住在约克郡的一个僻静的地区. difficult or awkward situation 困境; 窘况: Having lied that I still had the money, I was in rather a corner when they asked me to hand it over. 因我谎称钱仍在我处, 所以他们要我交出时, 我很尴尬. * Shell need luck to get out of a tight corner like that. 她要靠运气才能摆脱那样的困境. * The interviewer had driven her into a corner. 面试主持人把她追问得很窘. (usu sing 通常作单数) (in sth) (commerce 商) complete ownership or control of supplies of sth, enabling one to decide its price 囤积; 垄断: a company with a corner in tin ore, wheat, etc 垄断锡矿石 小麦等市场的一家公司. (also corner-kick) (in soccer) kick from the corner of the field, given to a team when an opposing player kicks the ball over his own goal-line （英式足球）角球. (in boxing and wrestling 拳击或摔跤运动中) (a) any of the four corners of the ring （拳击场及摔跤场的）场角: In the blue corner, Buster Smith. 蓝方, 巴斯特?史密斯. (b) CGp group of people (eg trainers) who help a fighter during intervals in the match （比赛休息时向场上队员提供帮助的）辅助人员（如教练员）: His corner advised him to retire. 教练员建议他退场. =illus at boxing 见boxing之插图. (idm 习语) cut corners (a) drive round corners in a wide curve rather than at a sharp angle （驾驶时）拐小弯而不拐大弯. (b) do sth in the easiest and quickest way, often by ignoring rules, being careless, etc （做事）走捷径, 图省事（常为忽视规则 粗心大意等）: Weve had to cut a few corners to get your visa ready in time. 我们得简化手续才能将你的签证及时办妥. cut (off) a corner (esp Brit) go across the corner of sth, not properly around it 不绕角儿走而取捷径斜穿: The lawn is damaged here because people cut (off) the corner. 由於人们不绕角儿走而抄近道, 这里的草坪已踩坏了. the four corners of the earth the most distance parts of the the earth 世界各个角落; 天涯海角: Former students of this school are now working in the four corners of the earth. 该校的校友现在世界各地工作. out of the corner of ones eye by looking sharply sideways 瞟; 睨视: I caught sight of her out of the corner of my eye. 我用眼一瞟, 看见了她. (just) round the corner very near 很近: Her house is (just) round the corner. 她家离此不远. * Good times are just round the corner, ie will soon happen. 好日子近在眼前. turn the corner pass a critical point in an illness, a period of difficulty, etc and begin to improve （疾病 困难时期等）渡过危险期, 渡过难关. -cornered (in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) 1 with the specified number of corners 有某数量边角的: a ,three-cornered hat. 2 with the specified number of participants 有某数量参与者的: The election was a three-cornered fight between Conservatives, Labour and SLD. 这次选举是保守党 工党以及社会民主党三方的较量.# corner-stone n 1 stone that forms the base of a corner of a building, often laid in position at a ceremony 奠基石. 2 (fig 比喻) thing on which sth is built; foundation 基础: Hard work was the corner-stone of his success. 努力奋斗是他成功的基础.corner 2 / kn(r); krn/ v Tn (a) get (a person or an animal) into a position from which it is hard to escape 使（某人或某动物）走投无路: The escaped prisoner was cornered at last. 那逃犯最後走投无路了. * The runaway horse was cornered in a field. 那匹跑掉的马在田地里被圈住了. (b) put (sb) into a difficult situation 使（某人）陷於困境: The interviewer cornered the politician with a particularly tricky question. 采访者用一个极其巧妙的问题难住了那个政客. I (of a vehicle or driver) turn a corner （指车或司机）转弯: The car corners well, ie remains steady on curves. 这车转弯转得很平稳. * Dont corner so fast! 转弯别转得太快! Tn (commerce 商) gain monopoly control of (sth) 垄断（某事物）: corner the market in silver 垄断白银市场.counter 1 / kaunt(r); kant/ n long narrow flat surface over which goods are sold or served or business done in a shop, bank, etc （商店 银行等的）柜台. (idm 习语) over the counter (of medicines) without a prescription(1a) （指药品）无处方: These tablets are available over the counter. 这些药片无需处方可直接购买. under the counter (of goods bought or sold in shops) secretly （指商店买卖货物）暗中交易, 走後门: In Britain pornography was once sold under the counter. 在英国, 色情书画曾一度在暗地里出售.counter 2 / kaunt(r); kant/ n small disc used for playing or scoring in certain board games 筹码. (used in compounds 用以构成复合词) device for counting repeated mechanical actions 计数器: an engines rev-counter 发动机转速计. thing that can be exchanged for sth else 可与他物交换之物: Our missiles will be a useful bargaining counter in our negotiations with the Russians, ie may be given up in exchange for concessions. 在我们与俄国人的谈判中, 我们的导弹是讨价还价的有利资本.counter 3 / kaunt(r); kant/ adv to sth in the opposite direction to sth; in opposition to sth; contrary to sth 与某事物的方向相反; 相反地: act counter to sbs wishes 违背某人的意愿 * Economic trends are running counter to the forecasts. 经济发展趋势与预测的结果截然相反.counter 4 / kaunt(r); kant/ v Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf with sth; sb/sth (with sth) respond to (sb/sth) with an opposing view, a return attack, etc 反对, 反击（某人某事物）: The champion countered with his right, ie responded to a blow with a right-handed punch. 这位卫冕者挥起右拳还击. * They countered our proposal with one of their own. 他们针对我们的建议提出了一项相反的建议. * The minister countered his critics with a strong speech defending his policies. 这位部长慷慨陈词为其政策辩护, 反驳批评他的人. * I pointed out the shortcomings of the scheme, but he countered that the plans were not yet finished. 我指出那方案的缺点, 但他申辩说各项计划尚未完成.counter- comb form 构词成分 (forming ns, vs, adjs and advs 用以构成名词 动词 形容词以及副词) opposite in direction or effect 方向或作用相反: counter-attraction * counter-productive. made in response to, or so as to defeat 回击: counter-attack * counter-espionage. corresponding 对应的; 对等的: counterpart. =Usage at anti- 用法见anti.cover 1 / kv(r); kv/ v (a) Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p sth (up/over) (with sth) place sth over or in front of sth; hide or protect sth in this way 覆盖或遮掩某物; （以覆盖或遮掩方式）隐藏或保护某物: Cover the table with a cloth. 在桌子上铺上台布. * He covered (up) the body with a sheet. 他用单子盖住那具屍体. * She covered her knees (up) with a blanket. 她把毯子盖在膝盖上. * The hole was covered (over) with canvas. 这个洞被帆布遮盖住了. * He covered the cushion with new material. 他给靠垫蒙上了新的料子. * He laughed to cover (ie hide) his nervousness. 他哈哈大笑以遮掩紧张的心情. * She covered her face with her hands. 她双手掩面. (b) Tn lie or extend over the surface of (sth) 平铺或展开在（某物）之表面; 盖住: Snow covered the ground. 积雪覆盖了大地. * Flood water covered the fields by the river. 洪水淹没了河边的田地. * Rubble covered the pavement. 人行道上铺了碎石块. Tn.pr sb/sth in/with sth sprinkle, splash or scatter a layer of liquid, dust, etc on sb/sth 在某人某物上洒上 溅上或撒上一层液体 尘土等: I was covered in/with mud by a passing car. 一辆过路的汽车溅了我一身泥. * The wind blew from the desert and covered everything with sand. 沙漠那边吹来的风把所有的东西都蒙上了一层沙子. Tn include (sth); deal with 包括（某事物）; 涉及; 处理; 适用於: research that covers a wide field 涉及范围很广的研究工作 * Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly. 她的演讲对这个问题阐述得很透彻. * Is that word covered in the dictionary? 这部词典里有那个单词吗? * Do the rules cover (ie Can they be made to apply to) a case like this? 这些规则是否适用於这样的情况? * the salesman covering the northern part of the country, ie selling to people in that region 负责在该国北部地区促销的推销员. Tn (of money) be enough for (sth) （指钱）够（某事物）之用: 10 will cover our petrol for the journey. 10英镑就足够支付我们旅行的汽油费. * The firm barely covers (its) costs; it hasnt made a profit for years. 该公司几乎入不敷出, 已经多年没有盈利了. Tn travel (a certain distance) 走（一段路程）: By sunset we had covered thirty miles. 到日落的时候, 我们已走了三十英里. Tn (of a journalist) report on (a major event such as a trial, an election, a riot, etc) （指新闻记者）报道（审判 选举 动乱之类的大事）: cover the Labour Partys annual conference 报道工党年会新闻. I, Ipr (for sb) do sbs work, duties, etc during his absence 代替某人工作 履行职责等: Ill cover for Jane while shes on holiday. 简休假时我替补她工作. Tn, Tn.pr sb/sth (against/for sth) insure sb/sth against loss, etc 给某人某事物保险: Are you fully covered against/for fire and theft? 你是否保了足够的火险和盗窃险? Tn (a) protect (sb) by shooting at a potential attacker （以火力）掩护（某人）: Cover me while I move forward. 我前进时, 你掩护我. * The artillery gave us covering fire, ie shot to protect us. 炮火掩护着我们. (b) (of guns, fortresses, etc) be in a position to shoot at and therefore control (an area, a road, etc); dominate （指枪炮 堡垒等）射程达到, 掩护, 控制（某区域 道路等）; 支配: Our guns covered every approach to the town. 我们的炮火控制了通往市区的各条道路. (c) keep aiming a gun at sb (so that he cannot shoot or escape) （用枪炮）瞄准某人（使其不能还击或逃跑）: Cover her while I phone the police. 你用枪看住她, 我给警方打电话. * Keep them covered! 把枪口对准他们! Tn (of a male animal, esp a horse) copulate with (a female) （指雄性动物与（雌性动物）交配（尤指马）. (idm 习语) cover/hide a multitude of sins = multitude. cover ones tracks leave no evidence of where one has been or what one has been doing 掩盖行踪或所做的事的痕迹. cover oneself with glory (rhet 修辞) acquire fame and honour 获得名声及荣誉: The regiment covered itsel