语法资料定语-赵颖伦

Lecture Two 定语-修饰名词 微博：学为贵-赵颖伦 翻译，并找出以下句子的定语 Generation gap can be found between parents and children. A good personality exerts great impacts on ones career. Couple with children were more likely to live in poverty. Johns father is a teacher. Clearly, we are now living in an updating society/America is a developed country. Studying abroad provides students with a good opportunity to experience a totally different culture. Students living in Beijing can have access to the latest teaching method. Students locked in the classroom are starving. That is a good book which is about social relationships. 翻译，并找出以下句子的定语 Generation gap can be found between parents and children. A good personality exerts great impacts on ones career. Couple with children were more likely to live in poverty. Johns father is a teacher. Clearly, we are now living in an updating society/America is a developed country. Studying abroad provides students with a good opportunity to experience a totally different culture. Students living in Beijing can have access to the latest teaching method. Students locked in the classroom are starving. That is a good book which is about social relationships. 定语 修饰名词的词。一般翻译为“的”，表示事物的性质或状态，分为前置或 后置。常做定语的有形容词、介词短语、定语从句、分词结构等。 adj+n a productive director an effective way 所有格指名词加上“ ”，如dogs, teachers 单数名词+ s : the boys dog， Johns，that girls bag 复数名词+ ：my parents friends，those girls bags 分词形容词 doing/done 主动关系（主谓关系）-doing 被动关系（谓宾关系）-done rising sun; roaring lion; working classes used cars; cleaned dishes; broken bottles 分词形容词在流程图中的使用 The fourth step is to freeze the fish in the freezer and then the frozen fish are put into a container to thaw. (CC) The most important stage is to hang and smoke the fish until ready for sale, after which the smoked fish are packed in boxes and frozen again. (CC) n+prep people in extreme poverty. the reason for this problem. the cause of this issue. people in different age groups. the suggestion of great value/importance. people in favor of animal experiments. people against women taking maternity leave. couples with several children 定语从句 定义：在复合中修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 引导词： 关系代词：that; which; who; 关系副词：when; where; why That; which; who I like the girl who works in the factory. the girl= who I could not ignore the dog that had been barking all night. the dog=that I would like to borrow the book which you recommended yesterday. the book =which that, which, who 引导定语从句指代前面的名词，后面+不完整句子，它 们与后面的部分共同构成从句。 When Where Why I cannot forget the day when I met you the first time. The life cycle of the silkworm begins when the moth lays an egg. 时间名词+when-定语从句 The government should also make people willing to stay where they were born. I like the place where you study English. 地点名词+where-定语从句 The reason why he left the company was unknown. reason+why-定语从句 where的特殊用法 where 可以修饰抽象的地点名词：situation; field; case; job; profession; conversation; industry; point Today, we will discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. I like the conversation where I can talk more. I like the job where I can teach grammar. The government should invest in the fields where most taxpayers can reap benefits. There are cases where wives complain about their husbands not doing housework. 只用which，不用that的情况 有逗号，which 指前面一个事或者名词 I like the book which/that you recommended yesterday.修饰-的 70% BJ citizens produce a great amount of waste everyday, which contaminates the earth and river to a large extent.指代-这-递进（非限制） I cried for hours, which made my mother worried. 指代一件事30%，这 2.介词提前 I like the Lamy pen with which I can write well. You should check the desk on which the most expensive book is placed . You should find the city in which your future husband can work. 其他情况都可以用that 用That 而不用Which 的情况 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, little, few这种不定代词时 There is little that I can use. 先行词被all, each, few, much, every, no, some, any等不定代词修饰时 All the books that you need are here. 先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时 This is the first composition he has written in English. 先行词既有人，又有物的时候 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited 用That 而不用Which 的情况 先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时 This is the very gun that I am looking for. 关系代词在从句中做表语的时候 He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago. 翻译句子 可以鼓励年轻人建立积极的世界观的运动员应该代言知名品牌。（endorse） 政府需要解决的主要问题是不断增大的贫富差距。（gap） 大多数年轻人想居住在有更多就业机会的城市 司机师傅违反交通规则的情况有时会发生当他们被顾客催促的时候。（rush） 牛肉的消耗量在1992年到到达最高点5吨，那时鸡肉的消耗量只有1吨。 很多人反对禁止吸烟的主要原因是这个政策会打击烟草业 翻译答案 Athletes who can encourage young people to build positive world views should endorse famous brands. The main problem that the government needs to solve is the constantly increasing gap between the rich and the poor. Most young people want to live in the cities which have more job opportunities. The consumption of beef reached the peak at 5 tons in 1992 when that of chicken was only 1 ton. The situation where drivers break traffic rules sometimes happens when they are rushed by passengers. The reason why many people are against banning smoking is that this policy will attack tobacco industry. 功能句：定语 定从功能句（一） Which引导非限制性定语从句，表示前面一件事， 后面的谓语动词用单数。 The movie industry has boomed in recent years, which greatly promotes the domestic economic development. People tend to check their phones when hanging with their friends, which is detrimental to enhancing their relationship. 一句话（一个现象），which 表示递进关系，对前面现象的评论或者继续阐述 Enables/allows sb to do sth 使能够，使有机会 encourages sb to do sth makes it possible/difficult to do sth makes it/sth/sb adj means that +完整 contributes to/promotes. is beneficial to +n/doing leads to/results in +n causes sb to do sth prevents/deters sb from doing sth discourages sb from doing sth is detrimental to +n/doing hinders +n /sb from doing sth 阻碍 has a devastating effect on poses a threat to 对造成威胁 poses pressure on 对造成压力 2017-3-18 Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TV and they should be encouraged to watch TV regularly both at home and school. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 与传统的教学方法相比，电视上的视频使学习变得简单得多，并且学生 很愿意去按照这种方式学习如果他们被如此鼓励，这可能使课本与老师 的课程更加得没有吸引力。 Compared with traditional teaching methods, the videos on TV make learning much easier and children are surely happy to learn through it if they are encouraged so, which may make books or lectures less attractive and appealing. 2016-1-9 Some people think government should invest more money in teaching science than other subjects in order for a country to develop and progress. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 在科技教学方面更多的投资会鼓励科技相关产业更多的劳动力，这可能 会阻碍需要创造型人才领域的就业。 More investment in teaching science may encourage growing workforce in science-related industry, which may hinder the employment of the fields that require creative talents. 2015-1-31 Some people argue that too much attention and too many resources are given to the protection of wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 随着农业、居住和工业活动的扩张，野生动物的数量见证了一个大幅 度的下降，这对生态平衡造成了巨大的威胁。 With the expansion of agriculture, settlement and industrial activities, the number of wild animals has seen a plunge, which poses a great threat to our ecological balance. 2018-10-13 In many countries women are allowed to take maternity leave from their jobs during their first month after the birth of their baby. Do advantages outweigh disadvantages? 如果女性可以休产假，那么公司在录取员工的时候肯定会把这个情况考虑在 内，这会阻碍女性在职场中担任很重要的角色尽管他们的能力很高。 If women are entitled to rest for a certain period of time after giving birth, the company will certainly take it into account when recruiting, which may hinder them from undertaking important positions despite their high qualification. 定从功能句（二） Those who , 那些样的人 Those students who. Those elders who. Those who cannot focus on class lack self-control. Those who do not know the psychology of consumers cannot sell. 2016-1-9 Some people think government should invest more money in teaching science than other subjects in order for a country to develop and progress. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 那些盲目选择科技作为他们专业的学生可能觉得很难去找到工作，有这 么多的申请者竞争。 Those students who blindly choose science as their major may find it difficult to secure a job with so many applicants competing. 2015-1-31 Some people argue that too much attention and too many resources are given to the protection of wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 那些反对野生动物保护的人可能认为钱应该花在公共服务上，因为这 对居民的福祉更有益处。 Those who are against investment in wild animal protection may think that the money should be spent on public services, which they believe are more important parts for citizens well-being. 2018-10-13 In many countries women are allowed to take maternity leave from their jobs during their first month after the birth of their baby. Do advantages outweigh disadvantages? 那些休完产假再来工作的女性更倾向于有一个比较好的家庭关系，从而有一 个更好的工作状态，这对公司的长远发展也是十分有利的。 Those mothers who have taken maternity leave are more likely to enjoy a good relationship with their families and therefore put in a better performance at work, which is also beneficial to the long-term development of the company. doing做后置定语 There is a door that leads to the garden. that=a door 不喜欢重复 省略that 定语从句无主语-就不再是定语从句 leads to 这个谓语动词就要变成-非谓语 非谓语有三个选项：doing/done/to do 因为 a door 和 lead 是主动关系，所以用doing There is a door leading to the garden. 例句 选择出国留学的学生们需要在前期做大量的