中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料(阅读理解).doc

中国石化英语分级测试第一篇 How to be Happy 如何获得幸福2第二篇 City Design 城市设计3第三篇 Population 人口4第四篇 Earthquake 地震5第五篇 The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill-英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏6第六篇 Green Computers“绿色电脑7第七篇 Cell Phones手机8第八篇 Touch Tech触屏技术9第九篇 Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料与我们的生活10第十篇 Carbon Emissions碳排放11第十一篇 Marine Pollution海洋污染12第十二篇 Chinas Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中国的经济增长与清洁能源技术13第十三篇 Market Economy市场经济14第十四篇 CPI消费者物价指数15第十五篇 The Internet互联网16十六篇 Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision苹果公司用iPad延续梦想17十七篇 3G Technology技术18十八篇 Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕获和储存19十九篇 GlobaIWarming全球变暖20二十篇 Alternate Energies替代能源21二十一篇 Biofuels生物燃料22二十二篇 Coal Chemicallndustry煤化学工业23二十三篇 Resource Curse资源诅咒24二十四篇 Company Management公司管理25二十五篇 Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool人才库26二十六篇 Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘诀27二十七篇 Chinese Oil Market中国石油市场28二十八篇 0il Trade石油贸易29二十九篇 How I Lost My Head in the Volcanic Ash Cloud令人发疯的火山灰30三十篇 Project Management项目管理31第一篇 How to be Happy 如何获得幸福 In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive_psychologist Martin Seligman, where H（happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary_choices you make). 过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。 Step l: Peace and quiet 第一步：平和宁静 Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. 乔纳森海迪在他的优秀著作幸福假说当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. 巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。 If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council.Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV,radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。 Step 2: Relationships 第二步：人际关系 This is the most important of all the extemal conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. 这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。 A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery . 与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。 When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to moveon.当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。 Step 3: Share 第三步：分享 If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others. 如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。阅读理解1. Whats the happiness formula according to the passage?答案：The formula refers to H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+C(the conditions of your life)+V(the voluntary choices you make)2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?答案：Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses aIld we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intruslve noise.3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?答案：If we need our TV, radio or muslc up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors.4. Where does the unhappiness come from?答案：Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others.5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?答案：What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to move on.第二篇 City Design 城市设计 When Im being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center, I couldnt help but note the overwhelming presence of cars and parking lots. The worlds cities are in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is deteriorating. Breathing the air in some cities is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day. The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels当我从旅馆乘车穿行城市前往会议中心时，映入眼帘的是无处不在的汽车和停车场。全世界的城市都陷入了困境，数以百计的城市日常生活的质量正在不断下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空气等于抽两包香烟。每天上班族驱车时因街道和道路堵塞而寸步难行，耽搁的时间逐年升高，郁闷也随之加深。 In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergency of a new urbanism. In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of cars on side walks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base rapid transit system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets, reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees and involved local citizens directly in the improvement of their neighborhoods. The quality of urban life in these cities has been greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people.针对上述情况，我们可以看到一种新城市主义的理念正在兴起。在短短的几年内，许多城市的人行道上不再允许停车，新建和改造了更多的停车场，建立了一套以公共汽车为基础的极为成功的快速运行系统，兴建了数百公里的自行车道和步行街，高峰时段的交通拥挤得以减缓，种植了更多的树木，并吸收当地市民直接参与社区的改善工作。城市设计以人为本的理念使这些城市的生活质量有了很大的提高。 Now govemment planners everywhere are experimenting, seeking ways to design cities for people not cars. Cars promise mobility. But in an urbanizing world there is an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city. After a point, as their numbers multiply, automobiles provide not mobility but immobility. 现在，各地政府的规划者们都在尝试寻找为了人而不是为汽车设计城市的方法。汽车应带给人们活动的便捷。但是在一个不断城市化的世界里，存在着一个根深蒂固的矛盾，即汽车与城市之间的矛盾。超过一个临界点之后，随着汽车数量的累加，汽车提供的不再是便捷，而是停滞。 Based on this perspective, some cities in industrial and developing countries alike will dramatically increase urban mobility by moving away from the car. Let me remind you once more, cities are built for people, not for cars. A city full of cars is like what the horrifying sci-fi depicted - all mechanism and no human. In order to avoid this disaster, wed better start designing sustainable cities. 基于这个观点，无论在发达的工业国家还是发展中国家，一些城市将会通过远离汽车来极大增加市区的通畅。让我再次提醒你，城市是为了人，不是为了汽车而建设的。挤满汽车的城市就像恐怖的科幻小说里描绘的全是机械，没有人性。为了避免这场灾难，我们最好开始设计可持续发展的城市。阅读理解：1. What means of transportation does the author take to the conference center? 答案：(He takes)a bus. 2. According to the first paragraph what is happening in cities where there are more cars? 答案：Cars not only do harm to peoples health but also cause heavy traffic jam.3. What does the last sentence “the vision of a city designed for people”in paragraph 2 mean? 答案：Design cities for people not (for) cars.4.Why is there an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city in urban areas? 答案：Because people depend largely on cars.5.How would a city look like if cars were everywhere? 答案：There would be all cars (mechanism) no human.第三篇 Population 人口A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount ofland and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population ifit continues to grow at its present rate. 在我们这个星球上居住的人越来越多，是一个很重要的全球问题。如果继续按照现有的增长率发展下去，那么有限的土地及土地资源很快不能养活这么巨大的人口。 So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as Death Control.那么为什么会出现人口的大量增长呢？这的确是因为知识的广泛传播和众所周知的“死亡控制”的结果。 You have no doubt heard of the term Birth Control. Death Control is something rather different. 毫无疑问，你肯定听到过“生育控制”这个术语。“死亡控制”是大不相同的。It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. 它承认了医生和科学家的工作，现在他们能够留住那些患有各种各样绝症的病人的生命。而这些绝症在不久之前还是不可治愈的。Through a wide variety of technological innovations thatinclude farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.通过大范围的技术创新，其中包括耕作方法和对绝症的控制，我们已经找到降低死亡率的方法。然而，正是这项成功给人类带来最大的威胁。 If we examine the amount ofland available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths ofthe worlds land cannot produce food. 如果计算一下维持不断增长的人口所需的土地量，我们就能意识到这个问题。如果这个星球上的每个人都平均分一块土地，我们每个人会拥有五万平方米。这个数字看似相当振奋人心，而当我们计算一下每个人的实际可用耕地之后，就知道情况不太乐观了。因为世界上超过3/5的土地都不能生产粮食。 Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its capital - its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades(3). We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable, such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us. 显然，能够养活我们的耕地如此之少，我们就应该想方设法不要让耕地继续减少下去。但是，我们并没有这样做！反而我们正在消耗它的“本钱”其不可再生的化石燃料与其它矿藏，它们是在几百万年的时间里才形成的，然而现在，几十年内就会被消耗殆尽。我们对待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然资源也是如此，譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百万与我们共同居住在地球上的物种。阅读理解：1. What can be learnt about the population growth at present? 答案：It continues to increasegrow at its present rate. 2. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase? 答案：Death Control3. What is the doctorsjob according to paragraph ？答案：They keep people who suffer from incurable diseases alive.?4.Why isnt there enough land to support human beings答案：Because the worlds land has already been taken upoccupied by the ever-increasing population.5.In paragraph 4 the fertile soils are considered as_.答案：nonrenewable 第四篇 Earthquake 地震 Earthquakes may be ranked as one of the most devastating force known to men; since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in millions and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss oflife has been due to collapse of buildings and effects of rock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves. 地震是人类所知的最具有破坏力的自然灾害之一。自从有记载以来，估计由地震造成的死亡达数百万以上，地震造成的破坏更是不计其数。地震造成的破坏如此之大，死亡如此之多，主要是由于地震引发的建筑物倒塌、岩石崩落、洪水、火灾、疾病等现象造成的，而不是由于地震本身。 The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey and the Alpine regions. They may happen anywhere at any time. 大多数地震发生在两个独特的地理位置。一个是环太平洋地区及相邻的大陆架，另一个是从印度东部延伸到阿特拉斯山脉，其中包括喜马拉雅山、伊朗、土耳其和阿尔卑斯地区。那里随时随地都可能发生地震。 This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, pattems of movements in the earths crust, variations in the force of gravity and the earths magnetic field and the frequency with which minor earth tremors are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strikecl). As a result, worldwide earthquake waming network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected. 几个世纪以来，这种对于地震的未知性更大大地增加了地震的可怕和恐惧性。但近几年来已有迹象表明地震预测是可能的。通过分析动物行为的变化，地壳运动的方式，地球磁场和地心引力的变化以及监测到的轻微地震的频率，科学家在预测地震发生的时间和地点上已取得了不断的成功。因此，世界性地震预警网络已经运转，而且已经帮助人们对大范围的破坏做好准备，而这些破坏也可能是完全不能预料的。 It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs. 人类是否能完全控制地震并消除它的破坏力还未可知。但是，随着我们对地震发生的方式和原因有了更多的了解，在地震发生之前，我们就能更好地应对可能造成的破坏。阅读理解： 1. What are the causes ofthe great part ofthe damage and loss oflife? 答案：Collapse ofbuildings and the effects ofrock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena from earthquakes. 2. Where are the two most active earthquake belts in the world? 答案：The area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses, East Indians to the Atlas Mountains. 3. What fact does element ofthe unknown in paragraph 3 refer to? 答案：It refers to the fact the earthquakes can happen anywhere at any time. 4. What four ways are used to anticipate earthquake activity? 答案：a) analyzing changes in animal behavior b) pattems ofmovements in the earths crust c) variations in the force of gravity and the earths magnetic field d) observation of the frequency ofminor earth tremors。5.What is the authors attitude toward the possibility of earthquake predictions? 答案：Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.第五篇 The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill-英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏 In the aftermath of the BP oil spill, President Obama voiced the concems of countless scientists. environmentalists(l). and Gulf Coast residents when he declared.Were dealing with a massive and potentially unprecedented environmental disaster. The sheer size of the oil spill - 210,000 gallons a day contaminating the Gulf of Mexico - has many people worried about the short and long-term environmental harm it is causing (2) 英国石油公司原油泄漏事件之后，奥巴马总统的一次公开讲话表达出了无数科学家、环保主义者以及墨西哥湾居民的心声。他在讲话中提到，“我们正在应对的是一场巨大的、史无前例的环境灾难”。每天足足有21万加仑的原油泄漏并污染着墨西哥湾，这使得很多人为这次事件对环境所造成的短期和长期的危害感到担忧。 The oil spill could severely damage fragile ecosystems for years, possibly decades. Beaches fouled by oil spills are very difficult to clean up. To make matters worse, the spill threatens beaches just as shorebirds are nesting and sea turtles are coming ashore to lay their eggs. 这次原油泄漏事件对脆弱的生态系统带来的严重破坏会持续很多年，甚至数十年。被石油污染的海滩很难被清理干净。更糟糕的是，泄漏的石油对海滩造成污染的时间正是海鸟筑巢和海龟游到岸上孵蛋的季节。 Even worse is the effect the oil spill could have on sensitive salt marshes and mangrove coastlines, which would be practically impossible to clean and that some fear might be permanently destroyed (3) These wetlands are considered the nurseries for the fishing and seafood industry and are a vital habitat and breeding ground for many species of wildlife. Because they cover much more land area than beaches, the risk oftheir exposure to damage is greatly increased. 还有更糟的事情，石油污染还可能影响敏感的湿地和红树林海岸，而这将是几乎不可能被清理干净的，有些人甚至担心这将是永久性的毁坏。这些湿地是捕鱼业和水产品工业的摇篮，也是多种野生动物的栖息地和繁殖地。由于这些湿地面积远远大于海滩的面积，所以它们面临破坏的风险就大大增加了。 Fully 98 percent of the fish and shellfish harvested in the Gulf of Mexico depend on estuaries, which are coastal waters where freshwater from rivers and streams mix with sea water. Estuaries are dependant on wetlands for their water quality and to provide a basis for aquatic food chains. Many species depend on wetlands for food, shelter and breeding. 在墨西哥湾捕获的鱼类和贝类中足有98%依靠河口生存，这些河口就是江河与海水汇合的地方。而河口又依赖于湿地保证其水的质量并为水产品供应链提供基础。湿地是很多物种觅食、栖息和繁殖的场所。 The waters of the Gulf of Mexico are homes to hundreds of species of aquatic1ife. The longer the oil fouls the water, the more polluted the food chain becomes, which could result in large fish kills and seafood too contaminated for consumption. 墨西哥湾水域也是成百上千种水栖动物的家园。石油对海水造成污染的时间越长，水产品食物链被污染的程度就会越大，这最终会造成大量的鱼类死亡以及水产品被严重污染而无法食用。阅读理解1. In the first sentence President Obama voiced the concems ofcountless scientists. what does the word voice mean?答案：Voice here means“to express an idea of”2 How long could the damage to the ecosystem last?答案：The damage to the ecosystem could last decades.3.How important are the wetlands to the wildlife?答案：The wetlands are a vital habitat and breeding ground for many species of wildlife.4.Why are estuaries dependent on wetlands?答案：Estuaries are dependant on wetlands for their water quality and to provide a basis for aquatic food chains.5.How will the oil spill affect the seafood in the Gulf of Mexico?答案：Many fish will die and the seafood will be too contaminated for consumption.第六篇 Green Computers“绿色电脑 Computer manufacturers, chipmakers and software companies are developinggreener products for environmentally conscious consumers. While some tech companies are developing more energy-efficient product lines， others are releasing software to make existing computers consume less. And -electronics manufacturers are expanding ways to make -new computers out- of recycled materials, as well as encourage customers to recycle old machines. Consumersmay pay a slight premium for some eco-friendly electronics, but .many prices will be comparable with traditional offerings. 目前，电脑生产商、芯片制造者和软件公司都纷纷开发“绿色”产品来满足那些环保意识强烈的消费者的需求。一些科技公司开发了更节能的生产线，还有一些公司推出了减少现有电脑耗电量的软件。电子制造企业不断扩展工艺利用循环材料生产新电脑，并鼓励消费者循环利用旧电脑。某些环保类电子产品可能需要消费者多花些钱，但仍有很多环保电脑的价格跟传统电脑差不多。 Several factors are pushing companies to be greener. Many want to stay ahead of environmental legislation and to gamer favor with green investors. And with energy prices high, they are trying to appeal to people who are lookin