英文名著推荐1ppt课件

.,TheFourLoves,ByC.S.Lewis,.,Abouttheauthor:,CLIVESTAPLESLEWIS刘易斯(18981963)wasoneoftheintellectualgiantsofthe20thcenturyandthemostinfluentialChristianwriterofhisday.Hismajorcontributionsinliterarycriticism,childrensliterature,fantasyliterature,andpopulartheology（神学）broughthiminternationalrenownandacclaim.Hewrotemorethanthirtybooks,allowinghimtoreachavastaudience,andhisworkscontinuetoattractthousandsofnewreaderseveryyear.C.S.LewiswasborninBelfast,Ireland,onNovember29,1898.Throughouthislife,LewiswasknowntohisfamilyandfriendsasJackanicknamehecalledforhimselfattheageoffourafterthebelovedneighborhooddogJackdied.Lewishadonebrother,WarrenHamiltonLewis(18951973).Lewissmotherdiedofcancerin1908whenhewasjustnineyearsold.,Littlelewis,.,In1910,LewisbecameaboardingstudentatCampbellCollegeinBelfast,justonemilefromhishome,butwithdrewoneyearlater.In1913,LewisenrolledatMalvernCollegewhereheremainedforoneyear.Itwastherethat,atagefifteen,hebecameanatheist（无神论者）,abandoningtheChristianfaithofhischildhood.FromMalvern,hewentintoprivatetutoringunderWilliamT.Kirkpatrick,TheGreatKnock,whohadalsobeenhisfatherstutor.LewiswentontoreceiveascholarshiptoUniversityCollege,Oxford,in1916.LewistookahiatusfromstudyaftertheoutbreakofWWI,enlistingintheBritishArmyin1917.OnApril15,1918,LewiswaswoundedintheBattleofArrasandwasdischargedalittlemorethanayearlaterinDecember1919.Whileinthearmy,LewisbecameclosefriendswithhisroommatePaddyMoore.Moorewaskilledinbattlein1918.AfterLewiswasdischarged,hefollowedthroughwithapromisetohisfriendtolookafterMooresfamily.LewismovedinwithPaddysmother,JaneMoore,andherdaughter,Maureen,in1920.ThethreeofthemeventuallymovedintoTheKilns,whichtheypurchasedjointlyalongwithLewissolderbrother,Warren.,.,DuringhistimeatOxford,LewiswentfrombeinganatheisttobeingoneofthemostinfluentialChristianwritersofthe20thcentury;1931markstheyearofLewissconversiontoChristianity（基督教）.HebecameamemberoftheChurchofEngland.Lewiswasmarriedlateinlifeatagefifty-eighttoJoyDavidmanGresham,anAmericanwriterfifteenyearshisjunior.Theymarriedin1956,twoyearsafterLewisacceptedthechairofMedievalandRenaissanceLiteratureatCambridge,wherehefinishedouthiscareer.Afterafour-yearfightwithbonecancer,Joypassedawayin1960.Lewiscontinuedtocareforhertwosons,DouglasandDavidGresham.C.S.Lewisdiedathishome“TheKilns”onNovember22,1963.HisgraveisintheyardofHolyTrinityChurchinHeadingtonQuarry,Oxford.WarrenLewisdiedonMonday,April9,1973.Theirnamesareonasinglestonebearingtheinscription（墓志铭）Menmustenduretheirgoinghence.,.,Achievements:,Novels:(小说）太空三部曲1来自寂静的星球（OutoftheSilentPlanet，1938年）2漫游金星（Perelandra，1943年）3那股邪恶的力量（ThatHideousStrength，1946年）地狱来鸿（TheScrewtapeLetters，1942年）梦幻巴士（TheGreatDivorce，1945年）纳尼亚传奇系列1狮子女巫魔衣橱（TheLion,theWitchandtheWardrobe，1950年）2凯斯宾王子（PrinceCaspian:TheReturntoNarnia，1951年）3黎明踏浪号（TheVoyageoftheDawnTreader，1952年）4银椅（TheSilverChair，1953年）5能言马和男孩（TheHorseandHisBoy，1954年）6魔法师的外甥（TheMagiciansNephew，1955年）7最后的战役（TheLastBattle，1956年）裸颜（TillWeHaveFaces，1956年）致马尔肯书（LetterstoMalcom，1963年）Literature(文学)痛苦的奥秘（TheProblemofPain，1940年）如此基督教（又译作：反璞归真）（MereChristianity，1952年，是基于1941年至1944年的广播谈话内容）诗篇撷思（ReflectionsonthePsalms，1958年）四种爱（TheFourLoves，1960年）卿卿如晤（AGriefObserved，1960年）,.,BookContents:(目录）CHAPTERINTRODUCTION（引言）CHAPTERLIKINGSANDLOVESFORTHESUB-HUMAN（对低于人类的事物的喜欢和爱）CHAPTERAFFECTION（慈爱）CHAPTERFRIENDSHIP（友爱）CHAPTEREROS（情爱）CHAPTERCHARITY（仁爱）,.,AboutAffection（慈爱）：,ItincludesbothNeed-loveandGiftlove.Itisthehumblestandmostwidelydiffusedofloves,theloveinwhichourexperienceseemstodifferleastfromthatoftheanimals.Affection,especiallyofparentstooffspring,butalsoofoffspringtoparents,andthatistheoriginalformofthethingaswellasthecentralmeaningoftheword.AndhethoughtalmostanyonecanbecomeanobjectofAffection,theugly,thestupid,eventheexasperating.ButAffectionhasitsowncriteria（标准）.Itsobjectshavetobefamiliar.Affection,besidesbeingaloveitself,canenterintotheotherlovesandcolourthemallthroughandbecometheverymediuminwhichfromdaytodaytheyoperate.它包括需求之爱和给予之爱。它是最谦卑、传播最广泛地爱，在这种爱中，我们的体验似乎与动物的体验差异最小。慈爱，尤其是父母对孩子的爱，并且也包括孩子对父母的爱。而且，这是慈爱的最初形式，也是这个词的核心意义。几乎所有人都能成为慈爱的对象：丑陋的、愚蠢的、甚至是令人恼火的人。但是慈爱有自己的标准，它的对象必须是自己所熟悉的。慈爱除了本身是一种爱外，还能渗透到其他的爱中，浸染它们，从而成了其他的爱每天发挥作用的媒介。,.,AboutFriendship（友爱）：,Totheancients,Friendshipseemedthehappiestandmostfullyhumanofallloves,itisthecrownoflifeandtheschoolofvirtue.Themodernworld,incomparison,ignoreit.WithoutErosnoneofuswouldhavebeenbegotten（产生）andwithoutAffectionnoneofuswouldhavebeenreared,butwecanliveandbreed（繁衍）withoutFriendship.Theco-existenceofFriendshipandErosmayalsohelpsomemodernstorealizethatFriendshipisinrealityalove,andevenasgreataloveasEros.Afriendwill,tobesure,provehimselftobealsoanally（盟友）whenalliancebecomesnecessary;willlendorgivewhenweareinneed,nurseusinsickness,standupforusamongourenemies,dowhathecanforourwidows（遗孀）andorphans（孤儿）对古代人来说，友爱似乎是所有的爱中最幸福又最具人性的；它是生命的皇冠，是美德的学校。相比之下，现代社会却忽视了它。没有情爱，就不会有人出生；没有慈爱，就不会有人被抚养长大，但没有友爱，我们照样可以生活和繁衍后代。可以肯定的是，当需要同盟时，朋友将会证明自己也是盟友。当我们贫困时，朋友就会接济我们；当我们生病时，他们照料我们；当面临敌人时，他们站在我们一边；朋友会尽全力来照顾我们的遗孀和孤儿。,.,AboutEros(情爱）：,Totheevolutionist（进化论者）Eros(thehumanvariation变异)willbesomethingthatgrowsoutofVenus,alatecomplicationanddevelopmentoftheimmemorial（远古的）biologicalimpulse.Andthethingisserious.First,theologically,becausethisisthebodysshare,isthemarriagewhich,byGodschoice,isthemysticalimageoftheunionbetweenGodandMan.Secondly,itisasub-Christian,orPagan（异教徒的）ornaturalsacrament（圣事）,ourhumanparticipationin,andexpositionof,thenaturalforcesoflifeandfertility-themarriageofSky-FatherandEarth-Mother.ThusEros,liketheotherloves,butmorestrikinglybecauseofhisstrength,sweetness,terrorandhighport,revealshistruestatus.对进化论者来说，情爱（人类的变异）是从性欲发展而来的，是古老的生物性冲动后期复杂化和发展的产物。但是，它是严肃的，第一，从神学上讲，因为情爱是肉体对婚姻的参与。通过上帝的选择而发生的婚姻，是上帝和人之间结合的神秘象征。第二，情爱是我们大胆地称之为次基督教的、异教徒的、或自然的圣事，是我们人类参与和展示出的生命力和能产性-天父与地母之间的联姻。,.,AboutCharity（仁爱）：,ThatsuchaGift-lovecomesbyGrace（恩典）andshouldbecalledCharity,everyonewillagree.Inrealityweallneedattimes,someofusatmosttimes,thatCharityfromothersw