被动语态被动语态

2015，巴菲陪你。 讲义如有错误或其他疑问，请加 QQ 3170322794 在线解决。 1. 概念 什么是被动语态？ a) 主语与谓语动词之间的关系 b) 主动语态(active voice)： 主语为动作执行者， 也就是施动者； Jason painted the picture. c) 被动语态(passive voice)：主语是动作的承受者，也就是受动者。The picture was painted by Jason. 2. 各个时态的被动 1. 概念 2. 各个时态的被动 3. 不同结构的被动 4. 使用被动语态的场合 5. 练习 2015，巴菲陪你。 讲义如有错误或其他疑问，请加 QQ 3170322794 在线解决。 2.1 一般时态的被动 一般现在时 am/is/are done They clean the office every day. The office is cleaned by them every day. They give me a lot of work to do. I am given a lot of work to do (by them). They invite you to attend the annual meeting. You are invited (by them) to attend the annual meeting. 一般过去时 was/ were done They cleaned the office yesterday. 2015，巴菲陪你。 讲义如有错误或其他疑问，请加 QQ 3170322794 在线解决。 The office was cleaned by them yesterday. People planted many trees on that hill last year. Many trees were planted (by people) on that hill last year. 一般将来时 will(shall) be done The office will be cleaned soon. When will the classroom be cleaned? When shall we be given English class this week? 第一人称 I/we 还可用 shall 来代替 will 一般过去将来时 would be done I told him that the office would be cleaned soon. I didnt expect that we would be invited to the annual meeting. 2.2 进行时态的被动 现在进行时 am/is/ are being done I am being treated with the utmost hospitality. The office is being cleaned now. The kids are being taken care of by Ms. Scavo. Are you being troubled by his deeds? 过去进行时 was/ were being done The office was being cleaned this time yesterday. Proposals from different departments were being discussed at that time. Was the wall being painted when you got home this time yesterday? 2.3 完成时态的被动 过去完成时 had been done The office looked tidy. It had been cleaned. He told me that the supermarket had been shut down. His report had been approved by the board by the end of last week. 将来完成时 will have been done The office will have been cleaned by 6 oclock. I think all of the work will have been finished before he arrives. How many projects will have been completed by the end of this year? 过去将来完成时 would have been done He told me that the office would have been cleaned by 5 oclock that day. I was told that all the projects would have been completed by the end of that year. 3. 不同结构的被动 3.1 情态动词结构 情态动词+be done 疑问和否定需要借助情态动词来完成 This cant be finished in a short time. Where can the books be found? Should he be told about his health condition? 2015，巴菲陪你。 讲义如有错误或其他疑问，请加 QQ 3170322794 在线解决。 All the cups must be returned to their proper place. 3.2 双宾语动词 直接宾语（物） 、间接宾语（人） She often tells us interesting stories. We are often told interesting stories (by her). Interesting stories are often told (by her) to us. 多数情况下把间接宾语（人）变为主语，而保留直接宾语；如果把直接宾语 （物）变为主语，需要在间接宾语前加上介词 to. Our teacher assigned us a lot of homework. We were assigned a lot of homework. A lot of homework was assigned to us. 3.3 复合宾语动词（宾语补足语） They request me to be present at the conference.（宾补） I am requested to be present at the conference.（主补） He has painted this chair yellow. （宾补） This chair has been painted yellow. （主补） We elected Jason monitor of the class. （宾补） Jason was elected monitor of the class. （主补） 不带 to 的不定式作宾补时，变为被动要加上 to. I saw him play basketball on the playground. He was seen to play basketball on the playground. 这一类动词通常为感观动词或使役动词 see, observe, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel（感观） make, have, let（使役） 3.4 含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动，常用 it+ be+ done+从句 People believe that he has some magic powers. It is believed that he has some magic powers. We have decided that the proposal should be carried out immediately. It has been decided that the proposal should be carried out immediately. It is said/ reported/ hoped/ well known/ thought/ suggested that 3.5 不及物动词(vi.)+介词/副词被视为及物动词词组 They will look into the case. The case will be looked into. The thief broke into his house. His house was broken into. We are to put off the meeting till Friday. The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3.6 非谓语动词的被动形式 不定式 to be done He needs to be looked after. It is better to be prepared than unprepared. 动名词 being done 2015，巴菲陪你。 讲义如有错误或其他疑问，请加 QQ 3170322794 在线解决。 He hated being treated like a child. Being offered such a job was sheer good luck. 现在分词 being done The question being discussed is the key point. I saw him being taken away by the police. Being protected by a solid house, he felt safe. 过去分词：本身表示被动，没有相应的被动形式 Frustrated, he returned to his house. The door remained locked. 3.7 其它 get/seem/appear done 结构也可表被动含义 He nearly got hit by a car yesterday. I was so shocked that my words seemed stuck in my throat. That house appears deserted. 用主动表达被动含义 主语常为物，通常具有某种内在特征/属性，从而使得后面的动作（动词） 难以/得以实现 The seat belt wont buckle. It eats well. The door wont lock. The new novel sells well. open, close, start, end, shut, move 等 用主动表达被动含义 一些连系动词 The flower smells good. It sounds great! The dog looks dangerous. feel, taste, prove 等 被动语态中常用的介词 by 表示执行者/施动者，最常见 with 表示用某种工具 The wolf was killed with a gun. of 表示材料（看得出来） The chair is made of green wood. from 表示材料（看不出来） This drink is made from boiled water and local cane sugar. 不用被动语态的场合 不及物动词不用被动语态 The sun is rising. When did that happen? 宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语时不变被动 He hurt himself when he fell from the tree. We should help each other. 2015，巴菲陪你。 讲义如有错误或其他疑问，请加 QQ 3170322794 在线解决。 They live a happy life. 4. 使用被动语态的场合 4.1 当不知道或不必提出动作执行者/施动者时 Five people were injured in this accident. These books are written for children. All of the machine components are made in China. The questions is to be discussed in the next unit. The American general election will be held in 2016. 4.2 当动作的承受者是话题中心时 Many creeks in this region are polluted. The poem was written by a student. The house next door has been sold. Those suggestions can be discussed this afternoon. 4.3 当不希望说出动作执行者时（出于礼貌、措辞等原因） You are warmly invited to a wine tasting to be held at the M club. It is generally considered rude to stare at people. It is hoped that such things would not happen again. You are requested to submit a progress report before this Friday. 4.4 在公告/通知、新闻报道、科技文章等场合中 No liquid items are allowed on the plane. Thousands of Clinton emails released. The mixture is put in a vacuum container and kept for 30 days. 5. 练习 1. Its really weird. The window wont _. A. shut B. be shut C. being shut D. make shut 2. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the r sounds at the end of the words _. A. drop B. are dropped C. have dropped D. are being dropped 3. A lecture on American culture _ in this room next Monday. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 4. To make our community more green, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw 5. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 6. -Its time to go to bed, Jason. -Yes, Mum. Ill turn off the TV as soon as the programme _. A. end B. ends C. will be ended D. will end 7. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them. A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listened C. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen 8. The old men and the children must _ in our country. A. take good care B. be taken good care 2015，巴菲陪你。 讲义如有错误或其他疑问，请加 QQ 3170322794 在线解决。 C. take good care of D. be taken good care of 9. Jason _ many songs at the party. A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing 10. When