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26英语常用词根词缀开放分类:英语、语法、学习、词汇中文中:prefix以结合形式出现,与一词、词根或短语开头的一个音或连续几个音相接,或书写中一个字母或连续几个字母用以产生出派生词或变化形式。汉语里指在词根前面的构词成分。如“阿哥”、“阿姨”中的“阿”英文中:一个英语单词可以分为三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀,可以改变单词的意思。常见的前缀有如下几类:第一类:表示正负(或增减)的,如:un-in-im-il-ir-non-mis-mal-dis-anti-de-under-re-over-等;第二类表示尺寸的,如:semi-equi-mini-micro-macro-mega-等;第三类表示位置关系,如:inter-super-trans-ex-extra-sub-infra-peri-等;第四类表示时间和次序,如:ante-pre-prime-post-retro-等;第五类表示数字,如:semi-mono-bi-tri-quad-penta-hex-sept(em)-oct-dec-multi-等;其它类别,如:pro-auto-co-con-等。常见英语前缀一表示否定的前缀1dis加在名词、形容词,动词之前。disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)2in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)3im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)4il-加在以1开头的词前illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)5ir-加在以r开头的词前irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)6un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)7non-加在形容词,名词前non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)8mis加在动词、名词之前misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)9dis-加地动词之前disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)10de-加在名词,形容词之前demobilize(遣散;使复员)decolor(脱色,漂白)11anti-加在名词、形容词之前anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药)12counter-加在名词、动词前counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)二.表示“前before”的前缀1pre-preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的)preface(前言)2Ante-anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)3Fore-forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)4Pro-programme(计划),prologue(序幕)5Ex-ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)三.表示“后post”的前缀1post-post-war(战后),post-plsition(后置词),postmeridian(下午)四表示“低”、“下”的前缀1Hypo-Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐)2Infra-Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的)3Sub-Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)五表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀1Re-Refuel(给加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回)2Retro-Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)六表示“共同”、“和”的前缀1Co-co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)七表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀1Inter-Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往)八.表示“出”、“超出”的前缀1Ec-Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)2Extra-Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的)九.表示“超过”的前缀1hyper-,preter-,super-,sur-,ultra-hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的)十其它的前缀1auto-自automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传)2mal-坏,恶Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)3Micro-Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机)4Tele-远Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)5Demi-,semi-hemi-Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)6Uni-,mono-(单一,单独)Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服)7Bi-,di-二Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)8Tri-三Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架)9Multi-多multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的)10Poly多Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)11Arch首领archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师)12bene-善,好benefit(利益),benevolence(善意)13homo-同homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)14neo新neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)15ortho-正确,直orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)16philo-挚爱philosopher(哲学家)17proto-原始protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)18pseudo-假的,伪的,冒充的pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义)19a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引)20Apo-,aph-来自apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)21se-分离separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)22para-防parachute(降落伞),23omni-所有的,公共的omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能)24pan-全,泛Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)25panto-全pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)26dia-通过,借以diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)27Per-通过,彻底,不利perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的28.trans-通过,横过transcript(抄本,副本;记录),translation(翻译),trxnsparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植)29Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)30syn-共同synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)31meta-和,在之后metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学)32Cis-在这一边cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)33pen-几乎,相近peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的,形成半岛的)34en-,em-往里,使encamp(扎营),enable(使能),endear(使受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))35intro内在intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的)36intro-到中introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)37dys-坏dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)38Eu-优,美好eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音)39ambi-,amphi-两者amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)40penta-五pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)41sex-六sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)42sept-七September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)43hepta-七heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)44octa-,octo,oct八octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October(十月)45nona-,ennea-九nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)46deci-,deca-十decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)47centi-百centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)48milli-千millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米)49Kilo-千kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)后缀开放分类:英语、语言后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀我们常常可以判断出一个词的词性。下面分四大类分别讲解一些常见后缀及其含义:一、名词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(personengagedinanoccupationoractivity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor2-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportantthings)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet3-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette3)女性(female)例词:usherette4-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress5-hood意为:时期(status;etc)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship7-ful意为:量(theamountwhichnouncontains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful8-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion2)机构等(institution;etc)例词:organization,foundation9-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement10-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal11-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage12-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability13-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrineof,practiceof)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism二、动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1-ify意为:转为,变为(toturninto,tomakeorbecome)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify2-ize;-en意为:使,变得(tomakeorbecome;tomakeinto)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3-ate意为:增加,使(giveoradd,makeorbecome)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate三、形容词后缀:常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1-ful意为:充满,有(fullof;hav-ing;giving;etc)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful2-less意为:没有,无(without;notgiving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless3-ly意为:有品质的(havingthequalitiesof)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly4-like意为:像的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5-y;-ish意为:像一般的(somewhatlike)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish6-some意为:像一样的;引起的;有品质的(like;causing;havingthequalityof)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome7-able(ible)意为:能的;可以的(abletobe;capable)例词:changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible8-ed意为:有的(having,etc)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped9-al意为:有属性的,类型的(natureof,typicalof)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical10-ary(ory)意为:属于的,与相连的(belongingto;connectedwith)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory11-ous意为:富含的;有品质的;像的(fullof;havingthequalityof;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious12-ic(ical)意为:类的;属于的(typicalof;belongingto)例词:historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13-ive意为:有属性的;有某种倾向的(havingthenatureorqualityof;givenortendingto)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive四、副词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1-ly意为:以方式(ina.manner;etc)例词:happily,boldly,attentive-ly,strangely2-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manneranddirectionofmovement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)3-wise意为:1)按照方式(inthemannerof)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就而言(asfaras.isconcerned)例词:weatherwise,educationwise词的核心部分,体现词的词汇意义的语素。英语单词词性n.名词v.动词pron.代词adj.形容词adv.副词num.数词art.冠词prep.介词conj.连词interj.感叹词除这十大类词之外,英语还另有判断词yes和no四级高频词汇与短语1.alter :lt, l- v. 改变,改动,变更 Ill have to alter the diagram. Ive made a mistake2.burst b:stvi.,n. 突然发生,爆裂 The police burst through the door3.dispose dspoz vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of) I must dispose of the trouble4. blast bl:st n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉 The bomb blast killed several harmless passers-by5.consume knsju:m v. 消耗,耗尽 Each year Americans consume a high percentage of the worlds energy6.split split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的 Suddenly the box split open and a puppy jumped out7.spit spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃 Dont spit here and there.8.spill spl v. 溢出,溅出,倒出 Put the cap back on the bottle, otherwise the juice will spill9.slip slipv. 滑动,滑落;忽略 The ship slipped into the harbour at night10.slide slaid v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片 House values may begin to slide11.bacteria bktiri n. 细菌 Such a growth or colony, as of bacteria12.breed bri:d n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔 Spaniel is a breed of dog with large ears13.budgetbditn. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排 Next years budget will have to be drastically pruned.14.candidate kndidit n. 候选人 In my estimation, he is a more suitable candidate15.campuskmps n. 校园 The news soon went round the campus16.liberal librl a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的 Her liberal views were soon revealed as mere posturing17.transform trnsf:m v. 转变,变革;变换 His plans were transformed overnight into reality18.transmit trnzmit v. 传播,播送;传递 The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries19.transplant .trnspl:nt v. 移植 She had a bone-marrow transplant20.transport /trns p:t/vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具 The goods have been cased up for transport21.shift /iftv. 转移;转动;转变 The tools shift around in the car boot every time we turn a corner22.vary / vri/ v. 变化,改变;使多样化 She varied her dress as fashion changes23.vanish / vni/ vi. 消灭,不见 Many types of animals have now vanished from the earth24.swallow / swlu/ v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子 She swallowed her anger and carried on25.suspicion /ss pis/ n. 怀疑,疑心 We regard her behaviour with suspicion26.suspicious /ss pis/ a. 怀疑的,可疑的 Two suspicious characters were brought d /maild/ a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的 The punishment inflicted on them was too mild28.tender / tend/ a. 温柔的;脆弱的 He gave her a tender kiss29.nuisance / nju:sns/n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物) He was a boring nuisance!30.insignificant / insig nifisnt/a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的 It is a waste of time to listen to his insignificant talk31.accelerate /k sel reit/ vt. 加速,促进 The car accelerated as it overtook me32.absolute/ bslu:t/a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的 Her new dress is an absolute dream33.boundary/ baundri/ n. 分界线,边界 The lane is the boundary of our land34.brake /breik/n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住(车) The driver braked his car suddenly35.catalog / ktlg/ n. 目录(册) v. 编目 Do you have a catalog or something that tell me about your company36.vague /veig/a. 模糊的,不明确的 His vague ideas crystallized into a definite plan37.vain /vein/ n. 徒劳,白费 She is vain of her voice38.extinct /iks tikt/ a.灭绝的,熄灭的 An extinct volcano.39.extraordinary /iks tikt/ a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的 She wears the most extraordinary get-ups40.extreme/iks ikstri:m/ a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分 The capital is in the extreme south of the country41.agent / eidint/ n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因 I booked my holiday through my local travel agent42.alcohol / lkhl/ n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精 He is addicted to alcohol43.appeal / pi:./ n./vi. 呼吁,恳求 Her eyes held a look of silent appeal44.appreciate / pri:ieit/ vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏 We appreciate your helping us45.approve /pru:v/ v. 赞成,同意,批准 You can join the class if you parents approve46.stimulate / stimjuleit/ vt. 刺激,激励 Light stimulates plant growth47.acquire/ kwai/vt. 取得,获得;学到 How did he acquire his wealth48.accomplish / kmpli/ vt .完成,到达;实行 We should not try to accomplish two tasks at work/ netw:k/ n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络 She gave me a diagram of railway network50.tide/taid/ n. 潮汐;潮流 As the tide receded we were able to look for shells51.tidy/ taidi/a. 整洁的,整齐的 He combed his houses mane tidy52.trace /treis/vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹 The cause of the fire was traced to a faulty fuse-box53.torture / t:t/n./vt. 拷打,折磨 He tortured his prisoners54.wander / wnd/ vi. 漫游,闲逛 The boy was wandering around55.wax /wks/n. 蜡 He lit up a wax candle56.weave /wi:v/ v. 织,编 Spiders weave webs57.preserve /pri z:v/ v. 保护,保存,保持,维持 Salt and spices help to preserve meat61. abuse / bju:z/ v. n.滥用,虐待;谩骂 She attacked him with a torrent of abuse62. Academic /k demik/ a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的 She already has good academic qualifications under her belt63. academy / kdmi/ n. (高等)专科院校;学会 He is a student in an academy of music64. battery/btri/ n. 电池(组) This battery is a dud65. barrier / bri/n. 障碍;棚栏 The lorry shaved the barrier, scraping its side66. cargo / ka:gu/ n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物 How long will the discharge of the cargo take?67. career /kri/n. 生涯,职业 This career offers a challenge68. vessel /vesl/n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管 The vessel was ruined by a submarine69. vertical/v:tikl/a. 垂直的 The vertical line meets the horizontal one here70. oblige /blaid/v. 迫使,责成;使感激 Could you oblige me by closing the door71. obscure /bskju/ a. 阴暗,模糊 The reasons why he did it are obscure.72. extent/ikstent/ n. 程度,范围,大小,限度 I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge73. exterior/ikstiri/n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的 Dont be put off by his gruff exterior;74. external /ekstnl/a. 外部的,外表的,外面的 All his injuries are external75. petrol /petrl/ n. 汽油 My car is rather heavy on petrol76. petroleum /pitrulim/n. 石油 Taiwan seems to contain no petroleum77. delay/dilei/ vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁 Our plane was delayed by fog78. decay/dikei/ vi. 腐烂,腐朽 A source of spreading corruption or decay79. decent/disnt/a. 像样的,体面的 He dreamed of living in decent conditions80. route /ru:t/ n. 路;路线;航线 The markings along the route are quite plain81. ruin /ruin/v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,pl.废墟 His rashness led ultimately to his ruin82. sake /seik/n. 缘故,理由 Dont inconvenience yourself for my sake83. satellite /stlait/n. 卫星 The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite84. scale/skeil/ n. 大小,规模;等级;刻度 Scale the fish before cooking them85. temple/templ/ n. 庙宇 There is a large mural in the temple86. tedious /tidis/ a. 乏味道,单调的, He told me a tedious story87. tend /tend/vi.易于,趋向 Does he tend to lose88. tendency /tendnci/n.趋向,趋势 His illness grew out of his tendency to overwork.89. ultimate /ltimeit/ a. 极端的,最大的,最终的 n. 极端 The sun is the ultimate source of energy90. undergo /ndgu/ v. 经历,遭受 Metals undergo expansion when heated91. abundant /bndnt/ a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的 Indonesia is abundant in petroleum deposits92. adopt /dpt/v. 收养;采用;采纳 We should adopt the consumers suggestion93. adapt /dpt/ vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写 vt. 使适应 You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in94. bachelor/btil/n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉 Are you a Bachelor of Arts?95. casual /kjul/a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的 He likes casual attires96. trap/trp/n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉 The police set a trap to catch the thief97. vacant /vkjum/ a. 空的,未占用的 There are some vacant offices on the third floor98. vacuum /vkjum/ n. 真空,真空吸尘器 Some pumps and all vacuum cleaners work by suction99. oral /rl/a. 口头的,口述的,口的 My oral English is pretty rusty100. optics /ptiks/ n. (单、复数同形)光学 The optic theory originated with Einstein101. organ/:gn/ n. 器官,风琴 The heart is a vital organ102. excess/ikses/ n. 过分,过量,过剩 His excesses at parties are well known103. expel /ikspel/ v. 驱逐,开除,赶出 He was expelled from the school104. expend /ikspend/v. 消费 He lived high and expended largely105. expenditure /ikspenditi/ n. 支出,消费;经费 They took a ruinous expenditure on the house106. expense /ikspens/ n. 开销,费用 He finished the job at the expenses of his health107. expensive /ikspensiv/ a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的 The transport of goods by air is very expensive108. expand /ikspend/v. 扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀 Metals expand when they are heated109. expansion /ikspndin/ n. 扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀 His economic policies paved the way for industrial expansion110. private /praiveit/ a. 私人的,个人的 Lets go upstairs where we can be a bit more private111. individual /individjul/ a. 个别的,单独的 n. 个人,个体 These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes112. personal /p:snl/ a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的 I have something personal to discuss with you.114. personnel /p:snel/ n. 总称人员,员工;人事部门 I am studying personnel management115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋 119. grant/grnt/ vt. 授予,同意,准予 I take it for granted you have read this book119. grand /grnd/a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的 How grand the mountains look in the early evening120. invade /inveid/ v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭 The town was invaded by reporters121. acid/eisid/ n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的 am doing an experiment of neutralizing acid122. acknowledge /knlid/v. 承认;致谢 He is unwilling to acknowledge defeat123. balcony/blkni/ n. 阳台 She drew me onto the balcony124. calculate /klkjuleit/vt. 计算,核算 The scientists calculated when the spacecraft would reach the moon125. calendar /klind/ n. 日历,月历 He put the desk calendar on the shelf126. optimistic /ptimistik/a. 乐观 I am very opti

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