八年级英语know our world课件7

Lesson 52,East we go,Learning Aims,Master: coast, RussiaUsing: 1) Would you please? 2) look up3. Sing a song,Lets sing a song,This song is about travelling around the world. As you sing it, look at a map of the world. Start in China and go east! Soon you will be home again.,Start at homeEast we go.Cross the oceanTo Japan.Ocean east to,Americas west. Cross that countryTo Atlantics coast.Europe to Russia, Then we are back again.,Repeat the song!,Listen and practice:,A: Can you use a dictionary, Li Ming?B: _!A: _ you please _me_ “repeat”? I forget what it means.B: Certainly! There it is!A: Oh! It means “again”. So we sing the song again! _.B: youre welcome.,Sure,Would,help,look up,Thanks a lot,Lets do it,Suppose you want to visit a foreign country, but you dont know which country to go to or how to get there. What can you do when you get there? Talk about it with your partner.,I . Fill in the blanks.A small river crosses the woods. A small river _ _ the woods.2. You can _ _ (查询）the words in the dictionary.3. _ (俄罗斯）is in Europe.4. We shall _ (回来）by six oclock.,goes,across,look,up,Russia,be get back,See you next time!,GrammarThe attributive clauses,I. 用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词（或代词）之后。这种名词（或代词）叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可做主语、宾语、定语等; 关系副词在定语从句中只做状语。如：1.It sounded like a train that was going under my house.2I know the reason why he was so angry.,II.定语从句的种类：定语从句有两种：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用。因此不可缺乏，否则会影响全句的意义。限定性定语从句前一般不用逗号，如：a. This is the factory that we visited last week.b. Do you know the woman who is in white ?,非限定性定语从句只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，之前一般用逗号与主句分开，如： I have a lot of friends, some of whom are college students. 我有许多朋友，其中一些是大学生。b. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is now taking on a new look. 北京是中国的首都，它正呈现出新的面貌。,III.关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as等都是关系代词。具体用法如下：A. who, whom，whose指人。who是主格，在从句中做主语（在非正式英语 中亦可用作宾语）；whom是宾格，在从句中用作宾语；whose是属格，在从句中用作定语（有时亦可 指物）如： 1. The number of the people who lost home reached 250,000. (主格关系代词who在从句中用作主语）,2. I know the man whom you mean.（宾格关系代词whom在从句用作宾语。在非正式英语中who亦可代替whom,亦可省去不用）3. Jack is the boy whose father works in a steel plant. (属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，指人）4. Have you noticed the house whose roof is painted white?（属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语， 指house , whose roof可代之以the roof of which,后者较为正式）,True or false:1) His father, whom works in a factory, is very strict with him.2) I was the only person in my office who he invited .3) Anyone whom is interested may come to my exhibition.4) Mary is the girl who all of us love.,Keys:1.F.whom改为who 2.T 3.Fwhom改为who. 4.T.,B. that既可指人，亦可指物。在从句中即可用作主语也可用作宾语（在非正式文体中可省去）。如：1I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off on the floor.2The games (that) he enjoyed were swimming and shooting.3Is he the man that sells eggs?4The person (that) you should ask is Mr. Ball.,C. which 在从句中即可做主语，亦可用作宾 语；一般指物。如：1A wide and busy street which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.2Where is the book (which) I bought this morning ?,D. as 亦可用作关系代词,可指人,物,或上文提到的整个句子。如：I want the same pen as he is using. 我想要一只和他用的同样的笔. 2. Ive never seen such a man as he is.3He is from Africa, as can be seen from his skin. 他是非洲人，我是从他的肤色看出来的。（关系代词as在从句中用作宾主语，其先行词是前面的整个句子）4He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.,IV.含有介词的定语从句1.如果定语从句修饰的先行词是人，而关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，此时关系代词用宾格whom或that。口语中可以用who代替whom，也可以省去这些关系代词，但如果介词位于从句的句首与关系代词连用时，则只能用whom,不能用that或who。如： The person (whom/who/that) you should write to is Mr Ball.试对比： The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball. (介词to 位于 从句的句首，故不能使用that /who),2如果定语从句修饰的先行词是物，而关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，此时关系代词用which或that，也可省去这些关系代词。但如果介词位于从句的句首与关系代词连用时，则只能用which 不能用that)如： The games ( which/that ) he competed in were skating and shooting.对比句： The games in which he competed were skating and shooting. (介词in 位于从句的句首，故不能使 用that),3注意介词的正确选择，可以参考以下方法： 1) 介词的固定搭配的需要 2) 先行词的特殊需要 3) 先行词和从句的语境相结合,Fill in the blanks:1)The picture, _ which I paid 2,000 yuan ,was once owned by my uncle.2)I have many friends _ whom I can turn for help.3)I am very thankful to you for your advice, _which I owe my success.4) Is this the telescope _ which we can study the sky?5)There was a bridge,_ which ran a wide river.6) This is the way _ which I usually deal with my personal affairs.,for,to,to,through,under,in,4.注意：当the way ,the first ( second) time， the day, the place 做先行词时,定语从 句可用that(或省略that)引导，来代替 in which, on which等。eg. I still remember the first time (that) we met . I like the way (that) she teaches us English.,V. that / which / as 在定语从句中的特殊用法1.用that，不用who, which的情况：1).如果先行词为不定代词all、little、nothing、everything、few、much等，多用that不用which。如：You must do everything that I do.He will do all that he can to help you.2）如先行词被序数词修饰 This is the third mistake that he made.,3）先行词既有人又有物时,They talked about the teachers and the things that they remembered in the school.4）如先行词被形容词最高级修饰 It is the most beautiful place that I have visited.5）如先行词被any、few、little、no、only等 词修饰 This is the very book that I am looking for.,6）主句是疑问句，且已有疑问词who, which, what等时 which is the picture that was drawn by Lily?7) 如先行词是数词时 I love catching fish. The two that are still living were caught yesterday.8)当从句的谓语动词为be，关系代词要在从 句中做表语时 China is no longer the country that it used to be.注： that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 He didnt pass the exam, that made his mother very angry. (F),2.先行词是物，关系代词用which不用that的 情况1)先行词（指物）后有介词： I will remember the day on which we first met with each other.2)非限定性定语从句： At San Francisco the Pacific plate, which is moving towards the northwest, meets the North American plate.,3.关系代词用as,不用which 的情况： 1) 在suchas, the same as, asas等固定 句型中 a. I have the same dictionary as he has. b. Tom likes such books as were written by O. Henry.注意：the same之后不一定总用as有时会用 that，词义有差别。 a. She is wearing the same hat as I am wearing .(同类，类似的) b. This is the same pen that I used yesterday.(同一个),2）as 引导非限定性定语从句时，与which的用法基本相同，但位置灵活，可位于主句前，主句后，也可位于主句中间，经常被译为“正如”或“像”，且多和表认知的动词搭配。which则只能放在主句后，可以译为“这件事”，“因此”。如： a. As is known to all, Einstein is a great scientist. b. Lincoln, as everybody can see, was one of the greatest presidents of the US. c. The sun gives us light and heat, which makes it possible for all living things to grow.,True or false:1) The number of people present, which we had expected, was very large.2) Ive never seen such girls as are so hardworking.3) Which is said, he is good at mathematics.4) He tore up the photo, as upset me.,_ as,True,_ As,_which,D.关系副词:when、where、why的基本用法：1、when 在从句中用作时间状语，其先行词是 表时间的名词，如： I will never forget the day when I joined the League. 我永远也不会忘记我入团的那天。 （关系副词when 的先行词是the day, 在后面定 语从句中作时间状语）,2、where 在从句中用作地点状语，其先行词 是表地点的名词，如： This is the hospital where I was born. （关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，先 行词为the hospital）3、why 在从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有 reason, 如： Do you know the reason why he was late for school? （ why的先行词是reason ）,E.关系代词和关系副词的区分 注意并不是一见到先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的名词就用关系副词when, where, why ，关系词的选择要根据他们在定语从句中做的成分来确定。对比以下句子：a. October 1 is the day when the PRC was founded.（when在从句中做was founded的时间状语） b. October 1 is the day (that/ which)I will never forget.（that/which在从句中做 forget的宾语） 以此类推：,2. a. This is the shop which/that sells flowers. b. This is the shop where I always buy flowers.3. a. Can you tell me the reason that has been used by you again and again? b. Can you tell me the reason why you gave the book to me?,Fill in the blanks:1) This is the very house _ we used to visit.2) He dare not live in the room_ was broken into last night.3) The town _my father grew up is not far from the city.4) Well never forget the days_ we spent in the country.5) He wrote about t he months _ he worked in New York.6) The reason _ he was late wasnt well known. 7)It was in the hotel _ Mr Smith stayed that I met him this morning.,that,which/that,where,that/which,when,why,where,Choose the best answer:1.I will never forget the day _ I joined the League. A. which B. when C. in which D. on that2.October 1, 1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. that B. when C. on which D. on that3.I remember the day _ I first met him on. A. which B. when C. in which D. on that,4.This is the factory _ we visited last year. A. where B. which C. the one D. at which5.Is this the factory _ your father works ? A. where B. which C. when D. that6.She is the only one of the girls _ as leader. A. who has been chosen B. who have been chosen C. whom they have chosen her D . have been chosen,7.Tom is one of the boys _ interested in doing chemical experiments. A. who are B. who is C. that is D . who was8. Billy, have you noticed the house at the foot of that hill _ is painted white ? A. roof of which B. whose the roof C. whose roof D. the roof of whose9. Mary has won the first prize, _ everyone hoped. A. who B. whom C. as D. that,10. She opened the door, _ a cat rushed out. A. that B. from which C. where D . from behind which11.All the afternoon, they talked about the teachers, the classmates and the things _ interested them during their childhood. A. who are B. that were C. who D. that12. This book is quite different from _ I read last night. A. a book B. that C. which D. the one,D,D,D,13.This is the third time _ the Browns have visited China. A. when B. that C. which D. for which 14.This is Mr Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. who B. whom C. that D.X15. I, _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is,B,A,B,16.The knife _ we cut the bread is very sharp. A. with which B. that which C. which with D. which17.That was the reason _ Mac r