苏辙与宋型士人文化.doc

分类_ 密级_博士学位论文苏辙与宋型士人文化李天保 导师姓名职称: 尹占华 教授 专 业 名 称：中国古代文学 研 究 方 向：唐宋文学论文答辩日期：2012年6月 学位授予日期2012年6月答辩委员会主席：评 阅 人：二一二年六月 博士学位论文Ph. D . Thesis苏辙与宋型士人文化A Study of the Relationship between Su Zhe and the Intellectual Culture Type in Song Dynasty 西北师范大学文史学院 Chinese and History College of Northwest Normal University 二一二年六月June, 2012独创性声明本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包括其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得西北师范大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。签名： 日期： 关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解西北师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即：学校有权保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。公开 保密 （_年_月） (保密的论文在解密后应遵守此规定)签名： 导师签名： 日期： I目 录独创性声明摘 要Abstract绪论1一、研究现状及意义1二、研究目标和研究内容18三、研究思路和研究方法19第一章从宋型士人文化到苏辙文化意义的再发现 21第一节宋型文化概念的提出 21第二节从宋型士人文化到苏辙文化意义的再发现 29一、宋型士人文化概念的阐释29二、苏辙文化意义的再发现42第二章苏辙承载的文化渊源与时代背景 45第一节苏辙的家学及其渊源 45一、苏辙的家世45二、苏辙的家学渊源47第二节苏辙的时代 56一、北宋中后期的社会政治56二、北宋中后期的社会文化性格67第三章苏辙与士大夫政治 73第一节北宋中后期的政治文化类型：士大夫政治73一、士大夫政治溯源73二、北宋士大夫的精神风貌和政治品格78第二节苏辙的政治生命历程80一、初涉政治几遭挫折80二、仕途蹭蹬沉于下僚82三、青云直上位极人臣85四、屡遭贬谪隐居颍昌86第三节 苏辙的政治思想和政治态度88一、苏辙青年时期的政治思想89二、苏辙熙丰时期的政治态度94三、苏辙元祐时期的政治态度99第四节苏辙与北宋中后期的党争104一、北宋朋党观念形成的渊源105二、苏辙与北宋中后期的党争107第四章苏辙与宋学117第一节蜀学的形成、特点117一、蜀学的形成118二、蜀学的“杂”120第二节苏辙对儒释道三教的会通122一、苏辙对儒释道三教的态度123二、老子解对儒释道三教的会通125第三节苏辙与宋学的精神132一、苏辙与士大夫的义理之学133二、苏辙与士大夫的经世致用之学142第五章苏辙与宋型士人文学 146第一节 苏辙的文论及其文章146一、苏辙的文论147二、苏辙的文章149第二节 苏辙的诗论及其诗歌154一、苏辙的诗论154二、苏辙的诗歌156第三节苏辙的辞赋创作161一、苏辙辞赋创作的主要体制形式162二、苏辙辞赋创作的题材167第六章苏辙在宋型士人文化中的地位171第一节苏辙的士人精神 171第二节苏辙的文化品格174附录苏辙文化活动简表180主要参考文献后记 摘要苏辙（1039-1112），是“唐宋八大家”之一，他在宋代是一位极具实力和影响力的文学家，又是一位出色的学者和政治家，他将自己的生命拓展到了北宋文化生活的各个角落，将自己的文化触觉延伸到了宋型士人文化的各个层面。可以说，苏辙的文化活动，从一个侧面真实地展现了北宋中后期的政治面貌、文学运动、学术思潮以及士大夫的生活心态和行为风范。苏辙的文化意义不仅体现在他作为古文家的文学意义和作为“三苏”文化中的意义，而且具有更深层次的宋型士人文化主体的典型意义。因此，研究“苏辙与宋型士人文化”这一课题，具有诸多不容忽视的价值。本论文共分六章展开论述：第一章阐释了宋型文化的概念，探讨了苏辙在宋型士人文化中的主体文化意义。宋型文化是一种成熟的文化范型，在两宋时期得到成熟发展。宋型士人文化是宋型文化的一部分，是由士人群体主导的一种文化范型，它是相对于当时的市民文化而言。苏辙的文化意义具有深层次的士人文化主体的典型意义。第二章考察了苏辙承载的文化渊源与时代背景。眉山苏氏文化与苏辙家学作为其幼年师承的主要内容，以其独特的风貌对苏辙的思想、政事、学术、文学产生了至为深远的影响；苏辙时代的政治复杂多变，面对北宋王朝的各种社会危机，宋型士人文化的主体士大夫主导了“庆历新政”和“熙丰变法”两次变革，虽然两次变革都失败了，但显示了此期的政治是士大夫政治；苏辙时代的文化，正处于“变古”时期，伴随着社会的巨大变革，学术上的变革思潮产生，文学也响起了声势浩大的“诗文革新”运动。第三章论述了苏辙与北宋士大夫政治的关系。苏辙四十余年的仕宦生涯基本上是在北宋中后期激烈的文人党争中度过的，从他不寻常的仕宦经历中，可以窥见苏辙的政治心态和政治行为；苏辙的政治思想和政治态度大体可分为三个时期，即青年时期的政治思想、熙丰时期的政治态度和元祐时期的政治态度；在北宋中后期的新旧党争中，苏辙不但亲身参与了新旧两党之间的争斗，而且作为蜀党的核心人物，与洛、朔两党也展开了纷争。第四章考察了苏辙的学术活动和学术特征。在宋学发展的背景下，蜀学显示了“驳杂”的思想特征。苏辙作为蜀学的核心人物之一，他的学术有两个明显特征：第一，苏辙学术思想会通了儒释道三家思想，又在治学中疑古惑经，体现了北宋中后期的思想潮流；第二，苏辙学术既讲义理，又讲实用，这是宋学的特征，也是宋代士大夫的学术精神。第五章考察了苏辙的文学理论及其创作情况。苏辙文论及其文章的主要特征是政治性、道德性，这是宋型士人文学的品质特征；北宋中后期的士风不仅影响着苏辙的生活心理，更影响其散文创作的题材内容；苏辙诗论的主要特征是义理性、功用性和道德性。苏辙诗歌的风格是多样性的，其中“峭拔千寻麓”和“淡静有味”是苏辙诗歌的两种风貌。此外，北宋中后期士大夫的生活情趣、审美风尚也影响到苏辙辞赋创作的题材内容。第六章总结了苏辙在宋型士人文化中的地位。苏辙的士人精神，最主要体现在经世性和道德性方面。这种精神，既具有北宋中期的时代特征,又具有中国传统知识分子的优秀品格；苏辙文化品格的经世性、道德性和沉潜性典型地反映了宋代士大夫的精神世界。关键词 ：苏辙 士大夫政治 宋学 宋型士人文学AbstractSu Zhe(1039-1112), one of the “Eight Great Men of Letters of the Tang and Song Dynasties”, was a talented and influential literary author as well as a scholar and a politician of Song dynasty. He extended his life activities to every corner of cultural life and his cultural sense to every level of intellectual life of Song. In a sense, Sus cultural activities was a profile of political life, literary movement, academic thinking and life belief and behavior habits of intellectuals and politicians as well during middle and later periods of Song dynasty. Su s culture meaning lies not only in his status as an ancient literary author and one of “Three Sus”, but in deeper model meaning of mainstream Culture Type of Song Dynasty .Therefore, it has significant value to carry out the study on Su Zhe and intellectual culture of Song .The paper consists of six chapters. In Chapter One, definition of Culture Type of Song Dynasty and Sus culture meaning in the culture type was explored. Culture Type of Song Dynasty was a mature culture pattern, which developed prosperously during the Song Dynasties. Compared to civilian culture, intellectual culture was advocated by the intellectuals and was a part of the culture type. Sus culture meaning lies in its deeper model meaning of mainstream Culture Type of Song Dynasty.Chapter Two examined Sus culture source and social background. The Sus culture in Meishan and his family culture tradition were the main source of his early education, which had a deep influence on Sus thoughts, political affairs, academic achievements and literature. The political situation in Sus times was complicated and intellectuals and officials, main body of Culture Type of Song Dynasty, advocated two reforms. Although the reforms failed, it revealed the politics of the period was dominated by intellectuals and officials. The culture of Sus time was in a period of reforming the ancient and with the great social changes, reform trend in academic began to appear and an corresponding influential Poetry and Prose Reforms started in literary circles. Chapter Three discussed the relationship between Su and intellectual and official politics in Song dynasty. Su spent his over 40 years official career in the conflicts between different literary parties and his political thoughts and behaviors could be seen in his unusual official career. Sus political thoughts and behaviors could be divided into three stages, i.e. political thoughts in his youth years, political attitudes in Xifeng period and political behavior in Yuanyou period. During the party conflicts of middle and later Song dynasty, Su not only participated in the conflicts between the old and new parties but led the struggle of Shu Party against Luo and Shuo parties. Chapter Four explored Sus academic activities and characteristics. With the development of academic thoughts of Song dynasty, academic thoughts of Shu appeared complicated. Being the core person of academic thoughts of Shu, Sus academic bore two obvious characteristics. First, Sus academic thoughts integrated thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and he took a doubtful attitude toward ancient culture and Confucian classics, which represented the thinking trends of middle and later Song dynasty. Second, Sus academic attached importance to both rational argumentation and application, which was the characteristics of academic thoughts of Song dynasty and also the academic spirits of intellectuals and officials of Song dynasty. Chapter Five Chapter Five focused on the Su Zhes literature theory and creationSus cultural Theory and and literature were politics and morality, this was the quality characteristics of Intellectual literature Type in Song Dynasty;The ethos of middle and later Song dynasty had an effect not only on Sus living psychology but on the theme and content of his poem;Su Zhes poetics is the main feature of meaning, functiona and moralSu Zhes poetry style was diversit